Advancing tuberculosis elimination in India: A qualitative review of current strategies and areas for improvement in tuberculosis preventive treatment

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a global health challenge, despite being preventable and curable. The global goal to end TB by 2030, with India targeting a 90% reduction in TB incidence by 2025, demands comprehensive interventions in prevention, early detection, treatment, and capacity building. This study analyzes the 2023 Global TB Reports, published articles, guidelines, and data to explore India's current TB landscape. Despite progress in diagnostics and TB preventive treatment, significant challenges persist in accessibility, adherence, and treatment completion. Although advancements in household contact screening and TB preventive treatment initiation are notable, gaps in reporting, diagnostic algorithms, and adherence remain. Innovative diagnostic tools and shorter treatment regimens show promise but require more comprehensive implementation. India's strategy for TB elimination focuses on policy expansion, community engagement, and system enhancements. Continuous innovation, rigorous evaluation, and collaborative efforts are crucial to overcoming challenges and meeting TB elimination targets.