Melioidosis is increasingly recognized in India, but available evidence remains fragmented across small reports. We aimed to synthesize national case-based data to describe the clinical spectrum and identify factors associated with mortality.
Methods
We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to February 5, 2025. Case reports, case series, and observational cohorts with individual patient-level culture- or molecular-confirmed data from India were included. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data using a standardized form, and assessed quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for case reports. Univariate comparisons were performed between survivors and non-survivors. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42025640317), and PRISMA guidelines were followed.
Results
From 1983 screened records, 209 studies reporting 558 cases from 20 states were included. The mean age was 44.8 years, and 73.4% had diabetes. Bacteremia occurred in 70.1%; pulmonary disease (33.2%), bone/joint involvement (35.1%), splenic abscesses (17.7%), and central nervous system disease (13.3%) were the most common conditions. Among 498 cases with reported outcomes, mortality was 19.9%. Malignancy, pulmonary and central nervous system involvement, and bacteremia were associated with death.
Conclusions
In India, melioidosis is widespread and often severe, with substantial mortality. Earlier recognition and improved diagnostic access are needed to reduce preventable deaths.
目的：在印度，类鼻疽的发病率越来越高，但现有证据仍然分散在小报告中。我们的目的是综合全国病例数据来描述临床谱和确定与死亡率相关的因素。方法系统检索PubMed、Embase和Web of Science，检索时间从建站到2025年2月5日。纳入了来自印度的病例报告、病例系列和具有个体患者水平培养或分子证实数据的观察性队列。两位审稿人独立筛选研究，使用标准化表格提取数据，并使用乔安娜布里格斯研究所病例报告清单评估质量。在幸存者和非幸存者之间进行单因素比较。该方案已在PROSPERO （CRD42025640317）上注册，并遵循PRISMA指南。结果从1983年筛选的记录中，209项研究报告了来自20个州的558例病例。平均年龄44.8岁，73.4%患有糖尿病。菌血症发生率为70.1%；肺部疾病（33.2%）、骨/关节受累（35.1%）、脾脓肿（17.7%）和中枢神经系统疾病（13.3%）是最常见的疾病。在报告结果的498例病例中，死亡率为19.9%。恶性肿瘤、肺部和中枢神经系统受累以及菌血症与死亡有关。结论在印度，类鼻疽病广泛且严重，死亡率高。为了减少可预防的死亡，需要及早认识和改善诊断。
{"title":"Melioidosis in India: A systematic review of individual cases","authors":"Nitin Gupta , Tirlangi Praveen Kumar , Astha Sethi , Pooja Kumari , Harpreet Kaur , Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Melioidosis is increasingly recognized in India, but available evidence remains fragmented across small reports. We aimed to synthesize national case-based data to describe the clinical spectrum and identify factors associated with mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to February 5, 2025. Case reports, case series, and observational cohorts with individual patient-level culture- or molecular-confirmed data from India were included. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data using a standardized form, and assessed quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for case reports. Univariate comparisons were performed between survivors and non-survivors. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42025640317), and PRISMA guidelines were followed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 1983 screened records, 209 studies reporting 558 cases from 20 states were included. The mean age was 44.8 years, and 73.4% had diabetes. Bacteremia occurred in 70.1%; pulmonary disease (33.2%), bone/joint involvement (35.1%), splenic abscesses (17.7%), and central nervous system disease (13.3%) were the most common conditions. Among 498 cases with reported outcomes, mortality was 19.9%. Malignancy, pulmonary and central nervous system involvement, and bacteremia were associated with death.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In India, melioidosis is widespread and often severe, with substantial mortality. Earlier recognition and improved diagnostic access are needed to reduce preventable deaths.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100843"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100844
Xuan Duong Tran , Thi Loi Dao , Ndiaw Goumballa , Trong Kiem Tran , Thanh Binh Nguyen , Duy Cuong Nguyen , Pierre Marty , Philippe Gautret
Objectives
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial carriage and resistance-encoding genes in children with acute diarrhea.
Methods
A prospective study was conducted from July 2020 to July 2021 in hospitalized children aged under 5 years. Stool samples were collected at hospital admission. MDR bacteria were identified by culture, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were assessed using the disk diffusion method, and resistance genes were investigated in isolates, using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Colistin resistance genes were also tested from stool samples.
Results
A total of 451 children were included; 33.2% harbored at least one MDR bacteria and/or one colistin resistance genes. A total of 79 (17.6%) children were positive for at least one MDR pathogen by culture. A total of 100 isolates were identified, including 17 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and 83 Enterobacteriaceae. Escherichia coli was the most common (11.8%), followed by S. aureus (3.8%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (2.7%). High resistance levels were observed in tested isolates: 94.8% to ceftriaxone, 77.1% to cefepime, 42.2% to piperacillin–tazobactam, and 19.3% to ertapenem. Among methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates, 15 of 17 (88.2%) carried the mecA gene. Among Enterobacteriaceae, 73/83 (88.0%) carried blaCTX-M-A, 49 (59.0%) had blaTEM, 19 (22.9%) had blaSHV, and six (7.2%) were positive for blaNDM. In addition, 87 (19.3%) of 451 children carried at least one colistin resistance gene, with 10.9% of mcr-1.
Conclusions
MDR bacterial carriage and resistance genes were frequently detected at hospital admission, reflecting community or previous health care–associated exposure rather than in-hospital antibiotic selection. These findings underscore the urgent need for strengthened antimicrobial stewardship, rational antibiotic use, improved infection control, and enhanced diagnostic capacity.
{"title":"Carriage of multidrug-resistant bacteria and encoding genes among Vietnamese children with acute diarrhea","authors":"Xuan Duong Tran , Thi Loi Dao , Ndiaw Goumballa , Trong Kiem Tran , Thanh Binh Nguyen , Duy Cuong Nguyen , Pierre Marty , Philippe Gautret","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial carriage and resistance-encoding genes in children with acute diarrhea.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A prospective study was conducted from July 2020 to July 2021 in hospitalized children aged under 5 years. Stool samples were collected at hospital admission. MDR bacteria were identified by culture, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were assessed using the disk diffusion method, and resistance genes were investigated in isolates, using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Colistin resistance genes were also tested from stool samples.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 451 children were included; 33.2% harbored at least one MDR bacteria and/or one colistin resistance genes. A total of 79 (17.6%) children were positive for at least one MDR pathogen by culture. A total of 100 isolates were identified, including 17 methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and 83 Enterobacteriaceae. <em>Escherichia coli</em> was the most common (11.8%), followed by <em>S. aureus</em> (3.8%) and <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> (2.7%). High resistance levels were observed in tested isolates: 94.8% to ceftriaxone, 77.1% to cefepime, 42.2% to piperacillin–tazobactam, and 19.3% to ertapenem. Among methicillin-resistant <em>S. aureus</em> isolates, 15 of 17 (88.2%) carried the <em>mecA</em> gene. Among Enterobacteriaceae, 73/83 (88.0%) carried <em>bla<sub>CTX-M-A</sub></em>, 49 (59.0%) had <em>bla<sub>TEM</sub></em>, 19 (22.9%) had <em>bla<sub>SHV</sub></em>, and six (7.2%) were positive for <em>bla<sub>NDM</sub></em>. In addition, 87 (19.3%) of 451 children carried at least one colistin resistance gene, with 10.9% of <em>mcr-1</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>MDR bacterial carriage and resistance genes were frequently detected at hospital admission, reflecting community or previous health care–associated exposure rather than in-hospital antibiotic selection. These findings underscore the urgent need for strengthened antimicrobial stewardship, rational antibiotic use, improved infection control, and enhanced diagnostic capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100844"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100840
Karel Santamaria-Leandro , Bruno Guerrero-Arismendiz , César Castro-Prado , Giancarlo Pérez-Lazo , Wilmer Silva-Caso
Objectives
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) rarely coexists with hematologic malignancies. We report two Peruvian men with leukemia and CE.
Case report
One patient had chronic lymphocytic leukemia and a hepatic CE2 cyst managed with albendazole and surgery before chemoimmunotherapy, and another patient had B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and prior hepatic and pulmonary CE treated with concurrent albendazole and induction chemotherapy. Both patients lived in endemic highland areas and had childhood exposure to dogs.
Discussion
A literature review identified only a few cases, mostly acute myeloid leukemia, and none from Latin America.
Conclusion
These cases highlight therapeutic dilemmas in balancing infection control and malignancy treatment, underscoring the need for tailored management strategies in endemic regions.
{"title":"Cystic echinococcosis in patients with leukemia: Clinical challenges and review of reported cases","authors":"Karel Santamaria-Leandro , Bruno Guerrero-Arismendiz , César Castro-Prado , Giancarlo Pérez-Lazo , Wilmer Silva-Caso","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Cystic echinococcosis (CE) rarely coexists with hematologic malignancies. We report two Peruvian men with leukemia and CE.</div></div><div><h3>Case report</h3><div>One patient had chronic lymphocytic leukemia and a hepatic CE2 cyst managed with albendazole and surgery before chemoimmunotherapy, and another patient had B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and prior hepatic and pulmonary CE treated with concurrent albendazole and induction chemotherapy. Both patients lived in endemic highland areas and had childhood exposure to dogs.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>A literature review identified only a few cases, mostly acute myeloid leukemia, and none from Latin America.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These cases highlight therapeutic dilemmas in balancing infection control and malignancy treatment, underscoring the need for tailored management strategies in endemic regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100840"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100838
Charity Mutesi , Richard Migisha , Emmanuel Okiror Okello , Emmanuel Mfitundinda , Janet Kobusinge Lubega , Patrick Kwizera , Joanita Nalwanga , Hannington Katumba , Joyce Owens Kobusingye , Gertrude Abbo , Daniel Wenani , Bridget Ainembabazi , Olive Namakula Loryndah , Annet Namusisi , Lilian Bulage , Ivan Lukabwe , Dansan Atim , Alex Riolexus Ario
Objectives
Recent Mpox outbreaks in Uganda have primarily affected adults, but children and adolescents are at a higher risk of severe disease. We described the epidemiology, severity, and factors associated with severe Mpox among children and adolescents in Uganda during August 2024-January 2025.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study among polymerase chain reaction-confirmed Mpox cases in patients aged 0-17 years in eight high-burden districts. Medical records were reviewed, and Mpox severity was measured using the severity scoring system. Participants’ variables were summarized using descriptive statistics and attack rates. Modified Poisson regression identified factors associated with severe disease.
Results
Among 160 case-patients, males (attack rate [AR] = 2.2/100,000) and females (AR = 2.1/100,000) were equally affected. Children <5 years had the highest AR (3.7/100,000). Household (50%) and school (36%) exposures were most common. Overall, Mpox severity was 91% (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 95% confidence interval: 87-96%). Care-seeking after 7 days from symptom onset was associated with higher severity (aPR: 1.1, 95% confidence interval: 1.03-1.3). Case fatality was 1.9%.
Conclusions
Children, especially those younger than 5, experienced high Mpox infection, often linked to household and school exposure. Care-seeking beyond 7 days increased disease severity. Interventions promoting early detection and timely care in households and schools could reduce Mpox-related morbidity and mortality in children and adolescents.
{"title":"Epidemiology, clinical features, and outcomes of Mpox in children and adolescents in Uganda, August 2024–January 2025","authors":"Charity Mutesi , Richard Migisha , Emmanuel Okiror Okello , Emmanuel Mfitundinda , Janet Kobusinge Lubega , Patrick Kwizera , Joanita Nalwanga , Hannington Katumba , Joyce Owens Kobusingye , Gertrude Abbo , Daniel Wenani , Bridget Ainembabazi , Olive Namakula Loryndah , Annet Namusisi , Lilian Bulage , Ivan Lukabwe , Dansan Atim , Alex Riolexus Ario","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Recent Mpox outbreaks in Uganda have primarily affected adults, but children and adolescents are at a higher risk of severe disease. We described the epidemiology, severity, and factors associated with severe Mpox among children and adolescents in Uganda during August 2024-January 2025.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a cross-sectional study among polymerase chain reaction-confirmed Mpox cases in patients aged 0-17 years in eight high-burden districts. Medical records were reviewed, and Mpox severity was measured using the severity scoring system. Participants’ variables were summarized using descriptive statistics and attack rates. Modified Poisson regression identified factors associated with severe disease.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 160 case-patients, males (attack rate [AR] = 2.2/100,000) and females (AR = 2.1/100,000) were equally affected. Children <5 years had the highest AR (3.7/100,000). Household (50%) and school (36%) exposures were most common. Overall, Mpox severity was 91% (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 95% confidence interval: 87-96%). Care-seeking after 7 days from symptom onset was associated with higher severity (aPR: 1.1, 95% confidence interval: 1.03-1.3). Case fatality was 1.9%.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Children, especially those younger than 5, experienced high Mpox infection, often linked to household and school exposure. Care-seeking beyond 7 days increased disease severity. Interventions promoting early detection and timely care in households and schools could reduce Mpox-related morbidity and mortality in children and adolescents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100838"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100841
Ahmed Saed Hussein , Ahmed Hassan Said , Mubarak Hassan Mohamud , Bashiir Abdirahman Guled , Sharif Abdi Mohamed , Ifrah Mukhtar Hussein
Objectives
Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections remain widespread in Somalia, yet national evidence on deworming uptake during pregnancy is scarce. This study exams determinants and regional inequalities in pregnancy deworming uptake in Somalia: findings from the 2020 Somalia demographic and health survey (SDHS).
Methods
This study analyzed data from 14,419 women in the 2020 SDHS. Weighted descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and multivariate logistic regression were applied to identify determinants of deworming drug use. All analyses accounted for survey clustering, stratification, and sampling weights.
Results
National deworming coverage during pregnancy was 4.09%, among the lowest in sub-Saharan Africa. Uptake was significantly associated with antenatal care attendance (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.49), iron supplementation (AOR = 0.16), wealth (AOR = 1.81 among the richest), parity (AOR = 1.73), and maternal education (AOR = 1.72 for higher education). Marked geographic disparities were observed, with substantially higher odds in Lower Juba (AOR = 11.48), Bakool (AOR = 8.32), and Bay (AOR = 5.50) relative to Awdal. Nomadic women had increased odds of uptake (AOR = 6.01), while women in female-headed households were less likely to receive deworming (AOR = 0.86).
Conclusions
Deworming uptake in Somalia is critically low and shaped by socioeconomic and regional inequities, underscoring the need to improve antenatal care access and drug supply.
{"title":"Determinants and regional inequalities in pregnancy deworming uptake in Somalia: findings from the 2020 Somalia demographic and health survey","authors":"Ahmed Saed Hussein , Ahmed Hassan Said , Mubarak Hassan Mohamud , Bashiir Abdirahman Guled , Sharif Abdi Mohamed , Ifrah Mukhtar Hussein","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections remain widespread in Somalia, yet national evidence on deworming uptake during pregnancy is scarce. This study exams determinants and regional inequalities in pregnancy deworming uptake in Somalia: findings from the 2020 Somalia demographic and health survey (SDHS).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study analyzed data from 14,419 women in the 2020 SDHS. Weighted descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and multivariate logistic regression were applied to identify determinants of deworming drug use. All analyses accounted for survey clustering, stratification, and sampling weights.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>National deworming coverage during pregnancy was 4.09%, among the lowest in sub-Saharan Africa. Uptake was significantly associated with antenatal care attendance (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.49), iron supplementation (AOR = 0.16), wealth (AOR = 1.81 among the richest), parity (AOR = 1.73), and maternal education (AOR = 1.72 for higher education). Marked geographic disparities were observed, with substantially higher odds in Lower Juba (AOR = 11.48), Bakool (AOR = 8.32), and Bay (AOR = 5.50) relative to Awdal. Nomadic women had increased odds of uptake (AOR = 6.01), while women in female-headed households were less likely to receive deworming (AOR = 0.86).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Deworming uptake in Somalia is critically low and shaped by socioeconomic and regional inequities, underscoring the need to improve antenatal care access and drug supply.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100841"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health crisis exacerbated by conflict and displacement. These factors disrupt health care and create overcrowded, unsanitary conditions that accelerate TB spread. This study investigated pulmonary TB epidemiology among refugees, internally displaced persons, and host communities in northwestern Ethiopia.
Methods
A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted from July 1 to September 30, 2024 at Dabat and Metema refugee sites in northwestern Ethiopia. In this study, 1350 sputum samples were tested using GeneXpert MTB/RIF, with culture performed on Löwenstein–Jensen medium. Data were analyzed in IBM SPSS Statistics, Version 27 using logistic regression, with model fitness assessed to ensure reliable findings.
Results
Among 1350 study participants in northwestern Ethiopia, 56% were male, with a mean age of 35.29 years. The prevalence of Xpert MTB/RIF–confirmed TB was 102 cases (7.56%), of which 80 (78.4%) were culture-confirmed. Multivariable logistic regression identified several factors significantly associated with TB infection, such as cigarette smoking, recent TB contact, occupational exposure, diabetes, limited health care access, prolonged camp stay, alcohol consumption, biomass smoke exposure, weight loss, and shortness of breath.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated a high prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among conflict-affected displaced populations. Diabetes mellitus, smoking, recent TB contact, alcohol use, biomass smoke exposure, prolonged camp residence, and poor health care access were identified as significant risk factors.
结核病（TB）是一种主要的全球卫生危机，因冲突和流离失所而加剧。这些因素扰乱了卫生保健，造成过度拥挤和不卫生的条件，加速了结核病的传播。本研究调查了埃塞俄比亚西北部难民、国内流离失所者和收容社区的肺结核流行病学。方法于2024年7月1日至9月30日在埃塞俄比亚西北部Dabat和Metema难民营进行多中心横断面研究。本研究使用GeneXpert MTB/RIF对1350份痰样本进行检测，并在Löwenstein-Jensen培养基上进行培养。在IBM SPSS Statistics， Version 27中使用逻辑回归分析数据，评估模型适应度以确保结果可靠。结果在埃塞俄比亚西北部1350名研究参与者中，56%为男性，平均年龄35.29岁。Xpert MTB/ rif确诊结核102例（7.56%），其中培养确诊80例（78.4%）。多变量logistic回归确定了与结核病感染显著相关的几个因素，如吸烟、最近接触结核病、职业暴露、糖尿病、有限的卫生保健机会、长时间营地停留、饮酒、生物质烟雾暴露、体重减轻和呼吸短促。结论：本研究表明，在受冲突影响的流离失所人群中，结核分枝杆菌的患病率很高。糖尿病、吸烟、最近接触结核病、饮酒、生物质烟雾暴露、长时间在营地居住以及难以获得卫生保健被确定为重要的危险因素。
{"title":"Prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and risk factors among internally and externally displaced populations in northwestern Ethiopia: The case of Dabat and Metema","authors":"Deresse Daka , Belay Tessema , Awelani Mutshembele , Amir Alelign , Wubet Birhan , Baye Gelaw","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health crisis exacerbated by conflict and displacement. These factors disrupt health care and create overcrowded, unsanitary conditions that accelerate TB spread. This study investigated pulmonary TB epidemiology among refugees, internally displaced persons, and host communities in northwestern Ethiopia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted from July 1 to September 30, 2024 at Dabat and Metema refugee sites in northwestern Ethiopia. In this study, 1350 sputum samples were tested using GeneXpert MTB/RIF, with culture performed on Löwenstein–Jensen medium. Data were analyzed in IBM SPSS Statistics, Version 27 using logistic regression, with model fitness assessed to ensure reliable findings.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 1350 study participants in northwestern Ethiopia, 56% were male, with a mean age of 35.29 years. The prevalence of Xpert MTB/RIF–confirmed TB was 102 cases (7.56%), of which 80 (78.4%) were culture-confirmed. Multivariable logistic regression identified several factors significantly associated with TB infection, such as cigarette smoking, recent TB contact, occupational exposure, diabetes, limited health care access, prolonged camp stay, alcohol consumption, biomass smoke exposure, weight loss, and shortness of breath.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study demonstrated a high prevalence of <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> among conflict-affected displaced populations. Diabetes mellitus, smoking, recent TB contact, alcohol use, biomass smoke exposure, prolonged camp residence, and poor health care access were identified as significant risk factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100836"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Measles continues to be a significant public health concern worldwide, with suboptimal vaccination coverage contributing to periodic outbreaks, even in Europe. Despite the availability of an effective vaccine, regional disparities and declining vaccination coverage, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, have increased the risk of measles transmission in Italy.
Methods
This study aimed to assess measles seroprevalence among health care professionals (HCPs) and explore associated socio-demographic factors in a country with a high level of measles circulation.
Results
Data were collected from 148 HCPs across two hospitals in Southern Italy. Serologic analyses were performed on 121 of the 148 enrolled HCPs, revealing an overall seroprevalence of 96%; however, there was a substantial proportion of non-immune young female HCPs. Furthermore, smoking was significantly associated with reduced immunoglobulin levels (adjusted odds ratio = 13.3; 95% confidence interval = 1.07-166.2; P <0.04).
Conclusions
These findings underscore the importance of routine serological monitoring among HCPs to inform booster vaccination strategies to fill immunity gaps in high-risk groups and settings.
{"title":"Measles seroprevalence among health care professionals during a period of increased transmission: A pilot study in Southern Italy","authors":"Davide Anzà , Vincenzo Restivo , Francesca Cirillo , Bruna Lo Sasso , Begoña Martínez-Jarreta , Paola Senia , Ermanno Vitale","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Measles continues to be a significant public health concern worldwide, with suboptimal vaccination coverage contributing to periodic outbreaks, even in Europe. Despite the availability of an effective vaccine, regional disparities and declining vaccination coverage, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, have increased the risk of measles transmission in Italy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study aimed to assess measles seroprevalence among health care professionals (HCPs) and explore associated socio-demographic factors in a country with a high level of measles circulation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Data were collected from 148 HCPs across two hospitals in Southern Italy. Serologic analyses were performed on 121 of the 148 enrolled HCPs, revealing an overall seroprevalence of 96%; however, there was a substantial proportion of non-immune young female HCPs. Furthermore, smoking was significantly associated with reduced immunoglobulin levels (adjusted odds ratio = 13.3; 95% confidence interval = 1.07-166.2; <em>P</em> <0.04).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings underscore the importance of routine serological monitoring among HCPs to inform booster vaccination strategies to fill immunity gaps in high-risk groups and settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100833"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-25DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100835
Tushar Ahmed Shishir, Nazifa Tabassum Tasnim, Akash Ahmed
This letter explores the annual recurrence of dengue infections in Bangladesh, a persistent threat to public health and well-being. We examine the cyclical nature of dengue infection across different regions, focusing on densely populated cities such as Dhaka and Chittagong. We also highlighted the challenges during the dengue epidemic by describing potential strategies for combating the spread, highlighting the severe health impacts on public health in high-prevalence areas such as Chittagong, Khulna, and Barisal. Recognizing dengue’s wide-reaching impact on health and daily life, we brainstorm the possible long and short-term solutions to prevent perpetuated future outbreaks.
{"title":"The annual recurrence of dengue in Bangladesh: A persistent threat","authors":"Tushar Ahmed Shishir, Nazifa Tabassum Tasnim, Akash Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This letter explores the annual recurrence of dengue infections in Bangladesh, a persistent threat to public health and well-being. We examine the cyclical nature of dengue infection across different regions, focusing on densely populated cities such as Dhaka and Chittagong. We also highlighted the challenges during the dengue epidemic by describing potential strategies for combating the spread, highlighting the severe health impacts on public health in high-prevalence areas such as Chittagong, Khulna, and Barisal. Recognizing dengue’s wide-reaching impact on health and daily life, we brainstorm the possible long and short-term solutions to prevent perpetuated future outbreaks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100835"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100832
Juan Camilo Motta , Juan Pablo Lara Castillo , Yuri Mercedes Mendieta
Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) has traditionally been associated with nosocomial infections and antimicrobial resistance. In recent decades, a Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) is an evolving pathotype of K. pneumoniae with enhanced virulence compared with classical strains. hvKp causes severe, invasive infections, including liver abscesses and metastatic disease, in otherwise healthy individuals. It is associated with enhanced capsule production and siderophore systems such as aerobactin, contributing to its pathogenicity. capable of causing severe community-acquired invasive infections has emerged, yet data from Latin America remain scarce. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study of adult patients with Kp bacteremia and confirmed deep-seated infections at a tertiary-care hospital in Colombia between 2016 and 2025. Due to limited availability of phenotypic and molecular virulence testing, cases were classified as infections clinically compatible with suspected hvKp. A total of 16 cases met the inclusion criteria. Most infections were community-acquired (87.5%) and occurred predominantly in men (62.5%). Hepatic abscess was the most frequent presentation (68.8%). Most isolates showed a wild-type antimicrobial susceptibility profile (87.5%), whereas two exhibited acquired resistance mechanisms. These findings suggest regional circulation and underdiagnosis of suspected hvKp. The identification of one hypermucoviscous carbapenem-resistant isolate highlights the need for strengthened microbiological and genomic surveillance.
{"title":"Under-diagnosed hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae in Latin America: a hidden threat? single-center case series, Bogota, Colombia","authors":"Juan Camilo Motta , Juan Pablo Lara Castillo , Yuri Mercedes Mendieta","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> (Kp) has traditionally been associated with nosocomial infections and antimicrobial resistance. In recent decades, a Hypervirulent <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> (hvKp) is an evolving pathotype of <em>K. pneumoniae</em> with enhanced virulence compared with classical strains. hvKp causes severe, invasive infections, including liver abscesses and metastatic disease, in otherwise healthy individuals. It is associated with enhanced capsule production and siderophore systems such as aerobactin, contributing to its pathogenicity. capable of causing severe community-acquired invasive infections has emerged, yet data from Latin America remain scarce. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study of adult patients with Kp bacteremia and confirmed deep-seated infections at a tertiary-care hospital in Colombia between 2016 and 2025. Due to limited availability of phenotypic and molecular virulence testing, cases were classified as infections clinically compatible with suspected hvKp. A total of 16 cases met the inclusion criteria. Most infections were community-acquired (87.5%) and occurred predominantly in men (62.5%). Hepatic abscess was the most frequent presentation (68.8%). Most isolates showed a wild-type antimicrobial susceptibility profile (87.5%), whereas two exhibited acquired resistance mechanisms. These findings suggest regional circulation and underdiagnosis of suspected hvKp. The identification of one hypermucoviscous carbapenem-resistant isolate highlights the need for strengthened microbiological and genomic surveillance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100832"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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