{"title":"APOE4, Alzheimer’s and periodontal disease: A scoping review","authors":"Catalina Arévalo-Caro , Marianela Arce Retana , Sergio Losada Amaya , Humberto Arboleda , Xavier Gallart-Palau , Aida Serra","doi":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102649","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (<em>APOE4</em>) is recognized as the primary genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and has been associated with chronic inflammatory conditions, such as periodontal disease (PD). PD has been identified as having a potentiating effect that favors the development and progression of AD. This scoping review investigates the potential relationship between PD and AD through <em>APOE4</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and PRISMA guidelines were followed. The search included articles published in PubMed and Embase, focusing on human studies, and excluding case series, in vitro studies, reviews, and animal studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the studies that evaluated the relationship between PD, <em>APOE4</em>, and AD, a correlation was identified between the gingival index and cognitive impairment in <em>APOΕ4</em> carriers. Additionally, higher levels of apolipoprotein E4 were found in the crevicular fluid of patients with both AD and PD, compared to individuals without AD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div><em>APOE4</em> may link PD and AD through shared genetic variants, inflammatory pathways, and dyslipidemia, involving both peripheral and central pathways. More comprehensive studies are required to ascertain the relationship between PD, AD, and <em>APOE4</em>, and to determine whether these associations are causal or non-causal in nature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55545,"journal":{"name":"Ageing Research Reviews","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 102649"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Ageing Research Reviews","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568163724004677","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/24 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CELL BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objective
The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE4) is recognized as the primary genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and has been associated with chronic inflammatory conditions, such as periodontal disease (PD). PD has been identified as having a potentiating effect that favors the development and progression of AD. This scoping review investigates the potential relationship between PD and AD through APOE4.
Methods
The Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and PRISMA guidelines were followed. The search included articles published in PubMed and Embase, focusing on human studies, and excluding case series, in vitro studies, reviews, and animal studies.
Results
Among the studies that evaluated the relationship between PD, APOE4, and AD, a correlation was identified between the gingival index and cognitive impairment in APOΕ4 carriers. Additionally, higher levels of apolipoprotein E4 were found in the crevicular fluid of patients with both AD and PD, compared to individuals without AD.
Conclusion
APOE4 may link PD and AD through shared genetic variants, inflammatory pathways, and dyslipidemia, involving both peripheral and central pathways. More comprehensive studies are required to ascertain the relationship between PD, AD, and APOE4, and to determine whether these associations are causal or non-causal in nature.
期刊介绍：
With the rise in average human life expectancy, the impact of ageing and age-related diseases on our society has become increasingly significant. Ageing research is now a focal point for numerous laboratories, encompassing leaders in genetics, molecular and cellular biology, biochemistry, and behavior. Ageing Research Reviews (ARR) serves as a cornerstone in this field, addressing emerging trends.
ARR aims to fill a substantial gap by providing critical reviews and viewpoints on evolving discoveries concerning the mechanisms of ageing and age-related diseases. The rapid progress in understanding the mechanisms controlling cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival is unveiling new insights into the regulation of ageing. From telomerase to stem cells, and from energy to oxyradical metabolism, we are witnessing an exciting era in the multidisciplinary field of ageing research.
The journal explores the cellular and molecular foundations of interventions that extend lifespan, such as caloric restriction. It identifies the underpinnings of manipulations that extend lifespan, shedding light on novel approaches for preventing age-related diseases. ARR publishes articles on focused topics selected from the expansive field of ageing research, with a particular emphasis on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the aging process. This includes age-related diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. The journal also covers applications of basic ageing research to lifespan extension and disease prevention, offering a comprehensive platform for advancing our understanding of this critical field.
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