Infants' Exposure to Toxic Trace Elements in Teethers.

IF 3.6 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Biological Trace Element Research Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-28 DOI:10.1007/s12011-025-04527-y

Karim N Jallad

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Abstract

Infants are particularly vulnerable to exposure to toxic trace elements due to their developmental stage and behaviors such as mouthing and chewing on toys. Chemical exposure to heavy metals in infants' toys is a significant concern as it poses a threat to their health and well-being. Therefore, quality control measures are essential to prevent infants' exposure to potentially harmful metals. This study aimed to assess the presence of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) in infants' teethers and evaluate potential health risks associated with their use. Eighteen teethers were analyzed for heavy metal content using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). Results showed varying concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, and Hg in the teethers, with none exceeding the safety limits for these heavy metals set by regulatory bodies such as ASTM F-963 and EN 71. Furthermore, calculated exposure levels, including Chronic Daily Intake (CDI) and Lifetime Average Daily Dose (LADD), as well as risk assessments covering Hazard Quotient (HQ), Hazard Index (HI), Margin of Exposure (MOE), and Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR), indicated that the overall health risks associated with teethers' use were non-existent. These findings highlight the importance of stringent regulations and ongoing monitoring of heavy metal levels in infants' products to ensure their safety.

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婴儿在牙齿中接触有毒微量元素。

由于婴儿的发育阶段和诸如用嘴咀嚼玩具等行为，他们特别容易接触到有毒的微量元素。婴儿玩具中的重金属化学品暴露是一个重大问题，因为它对他们的健康和福祉构成威胁。因此，质量控制措施对于防止婴儿接触潜在有害金属至关重要。本研究旨在评估婴儿牙齿中砷（As）、镉（Cd）、铅（Pb）和汞（Hg）的存在，并评估与使用这些牙齿相关的潜在健康风险。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICPMS）对18颗牙的重金属含量进行了分析。结果显示，牙齿中砷、镉、铅和汞的浓度各不相同，但均未超过ASTM F-963和EN 71等监管机构设定的这些重金属的安全限值。此外，计算出的暴露水平，包括慢性每日摄入量（CDI）和终生平均每日剂量（LADD），以及包括危害商数（HQ）、危害指数（HI）、暴露边际（MOE）和终生癌症增量风险（ILCR）在内的风险评估，表明与牙齿使用相关的总体健康风险不存在。这些发现强调了严格规定和持续监测婴儿产品中重金属含量以确保其安全的重要性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Biological Trace Element Research 生物-内分泌学与代谢

CiteScore

8.70

自引率

10.30%

发文量

459

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Biological Trace Element Research provides a much-needed central forum for the emergent, interdisciplinary field of research on the biological, environmental, and biomedical roles of trace elements. Rather than confine itself to biochemistry, the journal emphasizes the integrative aspects of trace metal research in all appropriate fields, publishing human and animal nutritional studies devoted to the fundamental chemistry and biochemistry at issue as well as to the elucidation of the relevant aspects of preventive medicine, epidemiology, clinical chemistry, agriculture, endocrinology, animal science, pharmacology, microbiology, toxicology, virology, marine biology, sensory physiology, developmental biology, and related fields.