Morphometric analysis of the greater palatine foramen: a CBCT study in Portugal.

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q2 Medicine Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI:10.1007/s00276-025-03566-3

Tomás Martins, Vanessa Guedes, Eugénio Martins, Pedro Mesquita

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Abstract

Purpose: The greater palatine foramen (GPF) represents the inferior opening of the greater palatine canal and is located posterolaterally on both sides of the hard palate. The aim of this study is to morphometrically characterise the GPF and to determine its anatomical relationships in a Portuguese population.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed based on the clinical records which included all permanent teeth erupted and a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) of the entire maxilla. The diameters of the GPF and its distances to posterior nasal spine (PNS), posterior border of the hard palate (PBHP), anterior nasal spine (ANS), midline maxillary suture (MMS) and incisive foramen (IF) were measured. Its position in relation to molars and the shape and direction of opening towards the oral cavity were classified. Global descriptive and comparative analysis were conducted.

Results: N = 100. Metric analysis (mean in millimetres): anteroposterior diameter 5.35, lateromedial diameter 2.24, GPF-PNS 16.26, GPF-PBHP 4.83, GPF-ANS 49.94, GPF-MMS 14.74, GPF-IF 35.18. Position in relation to molars (%): 0% anterior to 2nd molar, 3% opposite 2nd molar, 15% between 2nd and 3rd molars, 77% opposite 3rd molar, 5% distal to 3rd molar. Shape (%): oval 71%, slit 26%, round 1%, other 2%. Metric variables were higher in males than in females (95% CI). There were no differences between genders for categorical variables or between sides for any variable (95% CI).

Conclusion: The most common shape of the GPF is oval and its most common position is opposite the 3rd molar.

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来源期刊

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Medicine-Pathology and Forensic Medicine

CiteScore

2.40

自引率

14.30%

发文量

期刊介绍： Anatomy is a morphological science which cannot fail to interest the clinician. The practical application of anatomical research to clinical problems necessitates special adaptation and selectivity in choosing from numerous international works. Although there is a tendency to believe that meaningful advances in anatomy are unlikely, constant revision is necessary. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, the first international journal of Clinical anatomy has been created in this spirit. Its goal is to serve clinicians, regardless of speciality-physicians, surgeons, radiologists or other specialists-as an indispensable aid with which they can improve their knowledge of anatomy. Each issue includes: Original papers, review articles, articles on the anatomical bases of medical, surgical and radiological techniques, articles of normal radiologic anatomy, brief reviews of anatomical publications of clinical interest. Particular attention is given to high quality illustrations, which are indispensable for a better understanding of anatomical problems. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy is a journal written by anatomists for clinicians with a special interest in anatomy.