Morphometric analysis of the greater palatine foramen: a CBCT study in Portugal.

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q2 Medicine Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI:10.1007/s00276-025-03566-3

Tomás Martins, Vanessa Guedes, Eugénio Martins, Pedro Mesquita

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Abstract

Purpose: The greater palatine foramen (GPF) represents the inferior opening of the greater palatine canal and is located posterolaterally on both sides of the hard palate. The aim of this study is to morphometrically characterise the GPF and to determine its anatomical relationships in a Portuguese population.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed based on the clinical records which included all permanent teeth erupted and a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) of the entire maxilla. The diameters of the GPF and its distances to posterior nasal spine (PNS), posterior border of the hard palate (PBHP), anterior nasal spine (ANS), midline maxillary suture (MMS) and incisive foramen (IF) were measured. Its position in relation to molars and the shape and direction of opening towards the oral cavity were classified. Global descriptive and comparative analysis were conducted.

Results: N = 100. Metric analysis (mean in millimetres): anteroposterior diameter 5.35, lateromedial diameter 2.24, GPF-PNS 16.26, GPF-PBHP 4.83, GPF-ANS 49.94, GPF-MMS 14.74, GPF-IF 35.18. Position in relation to molars (%): 0% anterior to 2nd molar, 3% opposite 2nd molar, 15% between 2nd and 3rd molars, 77% opposite 3rd molar, 5% distal to 3rd molar. Shape (%): oval 71%, slit 26%, round 1%, other 2%. Metric variables were higher in males than in females (95% CI). There were no differences between genders for categorical variables or between sides for any variable (95% CI).

Conclusion: The most common shape of the GPF is oval and its most common position is opposite the 3rd molar.

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腭大孔的形态计量学分析：葡萄牙的CBCT研究。

目的：腭大孔（GPF）代表腭大管的下开口，位于硬腭两侧的后外侧。本研究的目的是形态计量学表征GPF，并确定其在葡萄牙人口的解剖关系。方法：对该患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究，包括所有的恒牙和整个上颌骨的锥形束ct。测量GPF的直径及其到鼻后棘（PNS）、硬腭后缘（PBHP）、鼻前棘（ANS）、上颌中线缝合线（MMS）和锐孔（IF）的距离。对其与磨牙的位置、口腔开口的形状和方向进行了分类。进行了全球描述性和比较分析。结果：N = 100。计量分析（平均毫米）：前后径5.35，前后径2.24,GPF-PNS 16.26, gpf - php 4.83, GPF-ANS 49.94, GPF-MMS 14.74, GPF-IF 35.18。与磨牙的相对位置（%）：0%在第二磨牙前，3%在第二磨牙对面，15%在第二和第三磨牙之间，77%在第三磨牙对面，5%在第三磨牙远端。形状（%）：椭圆形71%，狭缝26%，圆形1%，其他2%。男性的度量变量高于女性（95% CI）。分类变量的性别之间没有差异，任何变量的两方之间也没有差异（95% CI）。结论：GPF最常见的形状是椭圆形，最常见的位置是在第三磨牙对面。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Medicine-Pathology and Forensic Medicine

CiteScore

2.40

自引率

14.30%

发文量

期刊介绍： Anatomy is a morphological science which cannot fail to interest the clinician. The practical application of anatomical research to clinical problems necessitates special adaptation and selectivity in choosing from numerous international works. Although there is a tendency to believe that meaningful advances in anatomy are unlikely, constant revision is necessary. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, the first international journal of Clinical anatomy has been created in this spirit. Its goal is to serve clinicians, regardless of speciality-physicians, surgeons, radiologists or other specialists-as an indispensable aid with which they can improve their knowledge of anatomy. Each issue includes: Original papers, review articles, articles on the anatomical bases of medical, surgical and radiological techniques, articles of normal radiologic anatomy, brief reviews of anatomical publications of clinical interest. Particular attention is given to high quality illustrations, which are indispensable for a better understanding of anatomical problems. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy is a journal written by anatomists for clinicians with a special interest in anatomy.