Acoustic triboelectric nanogenerator for underwater acoustic communication

Abstract

Underwater acoustic communication is essential for both military and civilian applications. With the accelerated exploration and development of oceanic resources, the demand for advanced underwater acoustic communication technologies has grown increasingly urgent. However, this communication method faces several challenges, including delays in signal travel, restricted coverage, and reduced bandwidth, all of which reduce the operational efficiency and potential of underwater systems. In 2012, Professor Wang introduced the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), a device that leverages the triboelectric effect to provide an innovative solution for addressing these challenges. This article commences with an elucidation of the fundamental principles governing acoustic TENGs, succeeded by a comprehensive overview of various resonant cavity structures designed to boost the efficiency of sound energy harvesting. Additionally, it delves into the operational frequency range of acoustic TENGs, with particular emphasis on both ultrasonic and low-frequency sound waves for self-powered triboelectric sensors. Finally, the article reviews the latest research on the applications of acoustic TENGs in underwater positioning, monitoring, wireless communication, and control. The content underscores the substantial potential of acoustic TENGs in enhancing underwater wireless communication, presenting a promising new avenue for the advancement of future underwater technologies.