Survival improvements in patients with melanoma brain metastases and leptomeningeal disease in the modern era: Insights from a nationwide study (2015–2022)

IF 7.6 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY European Journal of Cancer Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI:10.1016/j.ejca.2025.115253
Sidsel Pedersen , Emma Lund Johansen , Karen Louise Højholt , Marie Wett Pedersen , Anne Mark Mogensen , Søren Kjær Petersen , Charlotte Aaquist Haslund , Marco Donia , Henrik Schmidt , Lars Bastholt , Rasmus Friis , Inge Marie Svane , Eva Ellebaek
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction

Advances in modern therapies have improved outcomes for patients with melanoma brain metastases (MBM), though prognosis remains poor. The optimal treatment strategy for patients who do not meet clinical trial inclusion criteria is unclear.

Methods

This study included all patients with MBM diagnosed in Denmark between 2015 and 2022, identified through the Danish Metastatic Melanoma Database (DAMMED) and local surgical and radiotherapy records. Data were collected from electronic patient records.

Results

A total of 838 patients were included, with a median overall survival (OS) of 9.0 months. Of these, 112 (19.4 %) survived beyond 3 years post-diagnosis. Patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) as first line treatment, specifically ipilimumab + nivolumab, demonstrated an intracranial overall response rate (icORR) of 46 % and a 2-year OS of 49 %. Those treated with BRAF/MEK inhibitors (BRAF/MEKi) had an icORR of 56 % but a 2-year OS of 20 %. Patients with leptomeningeal disease (LMD, n = 67) had a median OS of 8.4 months. Systemic therapy was associated with a superior OS for patients with LMD, though no survival benefit was seen with ICI compared to BRAF/MEKi. Among the 230 patients who underwent surgery, 30 received postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS); however, there was no difference in OS or intracranial progression-free survival between the groups.

Conclusion

A considerable proportion of patients with brain metastases diagnosed after 2015 survived more than 3 years. Patients with LMD appeared to obtain limited benefit of ICI with only few patients alive > 3 years post-diagnosis.
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来源期刊
European Journal of Cancer
European Journal of Cancer 医学-肿瘤学
CiteScore
11.50
自引率
4.80%
发文量
953
审稿时长
23 days
期刊介绍: The European Journal of Cancer (EJC) serves as a comprehensive platform integrating preclinical, digital, translational, and clinical research across the spectrum of cancer. From epidemiology, carcinogenesis, and biology to groundbreaking innovations in cancer treatment and patient care, the journal covers a wide array of topics. We publish original research, reviews, previews, editorial comments, and correspondence, fostering dialogue and advancement in the fight against cancer. Join us in our mission to drive progress and improve outcomes in cancer research and patient care.
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