Bioactive Compounds and Fatty Acid Composition of Oils Obtained by Different Extraction Methods from Caper (Capparis ovata Desf.) Seeds.

Abstract

In this study, the total phenol, total flavonoid content, antioxidant capacity, phenolic component and fatty acid profiles of caper seed oils extracted by solvent extraction, sonication extraction and cold press methods were revealed. Total phenol amounts of caper seed oils extracted by cold press, sonication and solvent systems were recorded as 0.10, 0.11 and 0.16 mg GAE/100 g, respectively. There was no statistically significant differences between the total phenol values of caper seed oils provided by sonication and cold press systems (p > 0.05). While the flavonoid amount of the oil extracted from caper seeds by solvent extraction system is determined as 358.9 mg CE/100 g, the total flavonoid amounts of caper seed oils extracted by sonication and cold pressing methods were established as 194.6 and 83.9 mgCE/100 g, respectively. The highest antioxidant capacity was established in the oil provided by solvent extraction (1.456%), followed by ultrasonic extraction (1.453%) and cold press oil (1.448%) in decreasing order. The dominant phenolic components of caper seed oils were quercetin, kaempferol, gallic acid, resveratrol and catechin. The fatty acid detected at the highest value in caper oils extracted by different extraction systems was linoleic acid (61.16-62.74%), followed by oleic, palmitic and stearic acids in decreasing order. Other fatty acids were recorded at low levels. As a result, it can be said that the caper oil extracted by solvent extraction is richer in quercetin and linoleic acid.