Journal of oleo science最新文献

In recent years, Japan has been moving away from powder detergents to liquid detergents, but only powder types have been set as standard indicator detergents for JIS detergency tests. Therefore, optimizing the liquid reference detergent composition, the standard model for commercial liquid detergents in the JIS K 3362 revision for household synthetic detergents, was studied based on the detergency and mechanism of commercial liquid and powder detergents. A JIS standard liquid composition was proposed based on the AATCC liquid detergent composition (the 2003 AATCC standard reference liquid laundry detergent), and detergency evaluations were conducted using a Terg-O-Tometer using natural collar dirt-soiled cloth and various commercially available soiled cloths. As a result, in the cleaning experiment using collar dirt-soiled cloth, the new JIS liquid reference detergent showed the same detergency as the conventional JIS powder detergent and commercial liquid detergents. It also showed the same detergency as commercial liquid detergents for artificial sebum stains, indicating that it is suitable as an indicator detergent for commercial liquid detergents. However, it was confirmed that there are some points to note, such as the fact that liquid detergents have a weaker alkaline component and, therefore, have a lower detergency for artificial sebum stains than powder detergents and that the new JIS reference liquid detergent has a higher cleaning power for triacylglycerol stains than commercially available liquid and powder detergents due to their high surfactant concentration.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory colon disease that is a major public health problem. The long-term administration of traditional drugs is likely to trigger adverse reactions. The myrrh essential oil (MEO) exhibits promising therapeutic efficacy against ulcerative colitis. However, due to the inherent instability and volatility of MEO, it was formulated into myrrh essential oil microemulsion (MM) with the aim of enhancing its stability. This study explored the optimal formulation for synthesizing MM, and a series of relevant indices were employed to meticulously investigate its stability characteristics. In animal experiments, a UC mouse model was established with the assistance of Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS). The therapeutic efficacy was comprehensively evaluated by recording Disease Activity Index (DAI) scores, detecting the levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and observing the morphological features of mouse colonic tissues through hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques. The results confirmed that both MEO and MM are effective in treating ulcerative colitis.

The aim of this study was to compare both the efficiency of different extraction solvents and the phenolic content of various plant species. Analyses included pH, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant capacity (FRAP, CUPRAC), and DPPH IC₅₀. Methanol extract pH ranged from hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) at 3.71 to 8.29 green tea leaf (Camellia sinensis L.). Quince leaf (Cydonia oblonga) water extract had the highest TPC (949.25 mg GAE/100 g) and flavonoid content (5166.21 mg QE/100 g). Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) showed the highest FRAP and CUPRAC values in both methanol and water extracts. Rosehip (Rosa canina L.) water extract had the strongest DPPH activity (IC₅₀: 8.61 µg/mL). These findings suggest that lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), quince leaf (Cydonia oblonga), and rosehip (Rosa canina) have strong potential as functional food ingredients, owing to their rich phenolic and flavonoid content and potent antioxidant activities, which could be beneficial in preventing oxidative stress-related health conditions.

Shark liver oil (SLO) is commercially promoted as an immunity booster to fight off infections, heal wounds, and for its beneficial effects in cancer treatment. Despite the growing body of research on SLO, scattered data and reported outcomes in understanding its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms exist across study designs and populations, and the experimental design variances complicate data interpretation for meaningful translation into clinical applications. This scoping review aims to address this by comprehensively charting human and animal models to identify patterns of immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of SLO and its bioactive components, thus highlighting areas requiring further investigation. A scoping search through Cochrane, PubMed^®, MEDLINE^® via Ovid and Scopus using keywords such as "shark liver oil", "immunomodulation", "anti-inflammatory", similar keywords and their combinations was performed. Quantitative and qualitative measurements of immune or inflammatory responses were recorded and mapped. A total of 16 articles met the inclusion criteria, including human studies and in vivo animal models with various baseline health conditions. SLO has a broad yet selective immunomodulatory effect that shows an adaptive response depending on context, such as inflammatory conditions, cancer, or infection. The inconsistencies in results highlighted the biological complexity and the context-dependent role of SLO in the immune system. Despite this, alkylglycerols (AKG) emerge as a key bioactive component, with some studies suggesting potential dose-dependent effects and exploring the structure-activity relationship of different AKG forms in modulating the immune response. Overall, the current evidence is promising but preliminary, with methodological differences in the literature that highlight a clear need for rigorous, standardized clinical trials.

Aspergillus terreus is a pathogen as well as an industrial organism. Current study deals with in vitro evaluation of A. terreus as a potential candidate for starch-based industries and susceptibility of toxigenic isolates to plant essential oils. Conventionally identified A. terreus soil isolates (n=25) were screened for mycotoxin production by TLC. Non- toxigenic isolates were selected for starch hydrolysis using starch agar. Toxigenic A. terreus were selected for antifungal activity of plant-derived essential oils (Nigella sativa, Elettaria cardamomum, Eucalyptus globulus, Cinnamomum verum Cuminum cyminum, and Syzygium aromaticum) by agar well diffusion and micro-broth dilution method. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC ≥ 0.65±0.22µL/mL) was observed for Cuminum cyminum. So, it was used for inhibitory effect on growth and toxin production in broken grains. Cuminum cyminum EO inhibited the growth of A. terreus (0.00±0.00 cfu/g) in inoculated group and OTA production was also close to uninoculated group. Starch hydrolysis to colony diameter ratio helped for selection of isolates for further experiments. In starch hydrolysis, two isolates AST-01 and AST-02 produced highest ratios, which were 2.25±.08 and 1.76±.04 respectively. Influence of maize flour, wheat bran and rice husk with varying concentration, incubation temperature and pH were evaluated on starch hydrolysis potential. The hydrolytic potential quantified by dinitorosalisylic acid (DNS) method. A. terreus AST-02 had the highest hydrolytic potential (102.96±2.61IU) under incubation of 3% wheat bran at 37 °C and pH 6.0. It is concluded that A. terreus is a potential candidate for starch-based industries and further crop contamination by toxigenic species could be curtailed using essential oil as a feed preservative.

Cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) is an amphoteric surfactant that is commonly used in skin care materials. Although there are many reports about the safety of CAPB, there is limited data about its physical effects on the stratum corneum. Porcine stratum corneum sheets were soaked in 5% or 10% CAPB solution (pH 4.0, 7.0 or 9.0) for up to 60 min at room temperature. After rinsing with distilled water, the properties of the porcine stratum corneum sheets were analyzed using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Sixty min of treatment with 5% CAPB or 10 min of treatment with 10% CAPB did not induce any peak shift at any pH. However, 60 min of treatment with 10% CAPB induced peak shifts of CH2 asymmetric stretching vibration and NH stretching vibration to higher wavenumber values. Although all pH solutions induced those peak shifts, the higher pH solutions caused larger peak shifts. However, 24 hrs treatment with 10% CAPB did not cause swelling at any pH. These results indicate that a long time and/or higher dose of CAPB affects the surface of stratum corneum, but this effect may not be caused by the regular use of CAPB in skin care materials.

This study evaluated liposomes prepared using three food-grade lecithins-SLP-WHITE and SLP-PC70 (soy-derived), and PL-30S (egg yolk-derived)-to enhance the food function and delivery of p-coumaric acid (CA), a phenolic antioxidant extracted from sugarcane bagasse. Among the tested formulations, liposomes composed of SLP-WHITE and PL-30S at a 90:10 (w/w) ratio exhibited the highest encapsulation efficiency (82%). Notably, dynamic light scattering and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed a strong negative zeta potential (-75.26 mV), small particle size (~100 nm), and a unilamellar structure, confirming this formulation as the optimum condition. Interestingly, encapsulated CA prepared with this optimum combination retained its antioxidant activity for 28 days. Furthermore, in a Caco-2 monolayer model, the liposomal CA showed significantly improved intestinal permeability compared to free CA, suggesting enhanced bioavailability via endocytic uptake. These results demonstrate that rational combinations of food-grade lecithins with complementary characteristics-such as the electrostatic stability of SLP-WHITE and membrane rigidity from PL-30S-can improve both physical stability and functionality of liposomes. This study provides a practical strategy for developing functional liposomal carriers suitable for food applications, particularly for delivering poorly bioavailable phenolic compounds like p-coumaric acid.

Biodiesel feedstocks have evolved from the use of food-grade vegetable oils to lipids from microalgae and microorganisms. The challenges faced in the production of biodiesel from this third-generation lipids lie in the efficient extraction techniques and production costs. This study aimed to optimise extraction techniques to enhance lipid recovery from macroalgae. Six macroalgal species from the northwest coast of Aceh, Indonesia, were initially screened to evaluate their lipid yields using the Soxhlet extraction (S) method. Caulerpa taxifolia was selected for further optimisation based on its high lipid yield and favourable fatty acid profile, consisting of 85.8 % palmitic acid (C16:0) and 14.2 % myristic acid (C14:0). Various extraction methods were tested, including ultrasonication (S), enzymatic extraction (E), and combinations of ultrasonication-Soxhlet extraction (US), enzymatic-ultrasonication (EU), enzymatic-Soxhlet extraction (ES), and enzymatic-ultrasonication-Soxhlet extraction (EUS). The ES method produced the highest lipid yield of 21.5 %, a 15-fold increase compared to that of the S method alone. Physicochemical analysis of the extracted lipids showed properties suitable for biodiesel production, although further refinement is required to fully meet the quality standards. This study demonstrates the potential of optimised extraction techniques to significantly enhance lipid recovery from macroalgae, thereby contributing to the development of sustainable marine-biofuel resources. Further research is required to refine these methods and explore their large-scale applicability in the field.

To understand the stability and gastrointestinal digestion characteristics of the natural walnut oil bodies (OBs) emulsion, walnut OBs were extracted from fresh walnuts and dispersed in aqueous phase to form O/W natural emulsions. The results showed that the natural walnut OBs emulsion droplets were uniformly dispersed in the aqueous phase as spherical particles, with triglycerides in the core and proteins surrounding them. SDS-PAGE indicated that the molecular weight of these proteins was below 55 kDa. The natural walnut OBs emulsion exhibited unstable at pH 4.0 and 6.0. Within the salt ion concentration range of 0-500 mM, the natural walnut OBs emulsion exhibited stable. Within the heat treatment temperature range of 0-85°C, the natural walnut OBs emulsion presented stable, but the droplets of the natural walnut OBs emulsion showed obvious aggregation at 95°C and became unstable. During the 0-120 min gastric digestion process, the droplets of the natural walnut OBs emulsion showed obvious aggregation and oil-water phases separation, and the particle size significantly increased with the extension of digestion time. During the 0-120 min small intestinal digestion stage, as the digestion time increased, the droplet size and the number of droplets decreased, while the release of free fatty acids continuously increased. This study lays a foundation for the application of walnut OBs in the food industry and the delivery of liposoluble bioactive substances.