{"title":"Symmetry in the developmental stages of permanent human teeth: a comparative study between maxilla and mandible.","authors":"G Haghi Ashtiani, J A Davies, H M Liversidge","doi":"10.1007/s40368-024-00996-2","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to assess symmetry of developmental stage of permanent teeth between the left and right side of the jaw, as well as between the maxilla and the mandible.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A sample of 150 panoramic radiographs of individuals aged 6-20 years (69 males, 81 females) were selected from an open-access radiographic collection (Maxwell Museum of Anthropology's orthodontic collection, Albuquerque, USA). All developing immature permanent teeth (n = 489) were scored by the first author using Moorrees and Demirjian tooth stages. Symmetry of developing teeth was assessed between the left and right sides of the jaw, as well as between the maxilla and the mandible using McNemar test with p < 0.05 considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences were found comparing left and right sides within the maxilla (n = 489), (McNemar, p = 0.759 M, p = 0.736 D), or within the mandible (McNemar, p = 0.262 M, p = 0.707 D) using either tooth scoring method. Percentage agreement for individual teeth between left and right sides was least for third molars. Significant differences were observed comparing maxillary and mandibular teeth for both tooth scoring methods (n = 978), (McNemar, p = 0.00 M, p < 0.001 D). Percentage agreement for individual teeth between the maxilla and mandible was least for incisors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the present sample, differences in tooth formation were not significantly different in left and right side of the jaw while a significant difference (p = 0.00 M, p < 0.001 D) was observed between maxilla and mandible.</p>","PeriodicalId":47603,"journal":{"name":"European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"483-491"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12165988/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-024-00996-2","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/30 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess symmetry of developmental stage of permanent teeth between the left and right side of the jaw, as well as between the maxilla and the mandible.
Methods: A sample of 150 panoramic radiographs of individuals aged 6-20 years (69 males, 81 females) were selected from an open-access radiographic collection (Maxwell Museum of Anthropology's orthodontic collection, Albuquerque, USA). All developing immature permanent teeth (n = 489) were scored by the first author using Moorrees and Demirjian tooth stages. Symmetry of developing teeth was assessed between the left and right sides of the jaw, as well as between the maxilla and the mandible using McNemar test with p < 0.05 considered significant.
Results: No significant differences were found comparing left and right sides within the maxilla (n = 489), (McNemar, p = 0.759 M, p = 0.736 D), or within the mandible (McNemar, p = 0.262 M, p = 0.707 D) using either tooth scoring method. Percentage agreement for individual teeth between left and right sides was least for third molars. Significant differences were observed comparing maxillary and mandibular teeth for both tooth scoring methods (n = 978), (McNemar, p = 0.00 M, p < 0.001 D). Percentage agreement for individual teeth between the maxilla and mandible was least for incisors.
Conclusion: In the present sample, differences in tooth formation were not significantly different in left and right side of the jaw while a significant difference (p = 0.00 M, p < 0.001 D) was observed between maxilla and mandible.
目的：探讨下颌左右侧、上颌骨与下颌骨之间恒牙发育阶段的对称性。方法：从美国阿尔伯克基麦克斯韦人类学博物馆正畸藏品（Maxwell Museum of Anthropology’s orthodontic collection, Albuquerque， USA）开放获取的x线摄影作品集中选取年龄在6-20岁的个体150张全景x线片（男性69张，女性81张）。所有发育中的未成熟恒牙（n = 489）由第一作者采用Moorrees和Demirjian牙齿分期进行评分。结果：使用任何一种牙齿评分方法，在上颌骨内（n = 489）、（McNemar, p = 0.759 M, p = 0.736 D）或下颌骨内（McNemar, p = 0.262 M, p = 0.707 D）的左右两侧之间比较，均未发现显著差异。第三磨牙的左右两侧牙齿吻合度最低。两种牙型评分方法对上颌牙和下颌骨牙型的差异均有统计学意义（n = 978）， （McNemar, p = 0.00 M, p）。结论：本组患者左、右颌牙型形成差异无统计学意义（p = 0.00 M, p = 0.00 M, p）
期刊介绍：
The aim and scope of European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) is to promote research in all aspects of dentistry for children, including interceptive orthodontics and studies on children and young adults with special needs. The EAPD focuses on the publication and critical evaluation of clinical and basic science research related to children. The EAPD will consider clinical case series reports, followed by the relevant literature review, only where there are new and important findings of interest to Paediatric Dentistry and where details of techniques or treatment carried out and the success of such approaches are given.
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