The Role of Professional Oral Hygiene in Enhancing Outcomes of Maxillofacial Trauma Surgery.

Abstract

Background: The oral cavity poses challenges in surgical interventions due to its microbial flora. Maxillofacial trauma surgeries are vulnerable to infections, complicating recovery. Traditional methods, including antibiotic prophylaxis, have limitations, highlighting the need for complementary strategies.

Objective: This study evaluated the impact of professional oral hygiene protocol on infection rates, mucosal health, and pain levels in maxillofacial trauma patients.

Material and methods: A retrospective study analyzed 529 patients treated for maxillofacial trauma at the Maxillo-Facial Surgery Unit of "Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti" in Ancona, Italy, from 2018 to 2023. Patients were divided into two groups: Period 1 (2018-2020, no protocol) and Period 2 (2021-2023, protocol implemented). All patients were in good general health, with no systemic diseases compromising immunity or influencing surgical outcomes. The protocol included supragingival scaling 48 hours preoperatively, chlorhexidine 0.20% three times daily postoperatively, and standardized antibiotic and analgesic regimens. Data included infection rates, modified Beck Oral Assessment Scores and Numerical Rating Scale pain scores. Statistical analyses included independent t-tests and Chi-square tests, with significance set at p < 0.05.

Results: Period 2 showed significantly lower infection rates (13.44% vs. 19.48%, p = 0.023), reduced pain scores (mean NRS: 4.6 vs. 5.4, p < 0.01) and improved mucosal health (mean BOAS: 2.91 vs. 3.75, p < 0.001).

Discussion: The professional oral hygiene protocol reduced postoperative complications, improved oral health, and enhanced patient comfort. These findings support the integration of structured oral hygiene measures into standard maxillofacial surgical care to optimize outcomes and quality of life.