Pub Date : 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2026.102727
Safiye Pelin Sahiner, Gozde Serindere
Objective
This study evaluates the prevalence and morphology of the mental nerve anterior loop (AL) and incisive canal (IC) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and their relationship with mandibular bone concavity.
Study Design
The CBCT assessment involved measuring the length of the AL, the length and diameter of the IC, together with their distances from the alveolar crest, inferior border, and buccal/lingual cortical plates. Lingual concavity was categorized into four patterns: Type I (lingual), Type II (lingually inclined), Type III (labiolingual expansion), and Type IV (buccal). Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 29.0.
Results
The anterior loop (AL) was observed unilaterally in 52.7% and bilaterally in 29.3% of cases, with mean lengths of 5.47 mm (right) and 5.68 mm (left). The IC was observed in 86.1% of patients, measuring 7.94 mm (right) and 7.67 mm (left) in length and ∼1.5 mm in diameter. Age weakly correlated with some canal measurements; males had slightly larger canal lengths and alveolar crest distances. Concavity type did not significantly affect loop or canal prevalence, though Type III tended to be larger.
Conclusions
Mandibular anatomical variations differ by gender, with males showing greater measurements, particularly in cortical distances. Concavity type affects dimensions, with Type III showing the largest values. These findings emphasize the need to consider gender and concavity morphology in preoperative assessment.
{"title":"Prevalence and morphometry of mental nerve anterior loop and incisive canal with bone concavity: A radioanatomic study","authors":"Safiye Pelin Sahiner, Gozde Serindere","doi":"10.1016/j.jormas.2026.102727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jormas.2026.102727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study evaluates the prevalence and morphology of the mental nerve anterior loop (AL) and incisive canal (IC) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and their relationship with mandibular bone concavity.</div></div><div><h3>Study Design</h3><div>The CBCT assessment involved measuring the length of the AL, the length and diameter of the IC, together with their distances from the alveolar crest, inferior border, and buccal/lingual cortical plates. Lingual concavity was categorized into four patterns: Type I (lingual), Type II (lingually inclined), Type III (labiolingual expansion), and Type IV (buccal). Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 29.0.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The anterior loop (AL) was observed unilaterally in 52.7% and bilaterally in 29.3% of cases, with mean lengths of 5.47 mm (right) and 5.68 mm (left). The IC was observed in 86.1% of patients, measuring 7.94 mm (right) and 7.67 mm (left) in length and ∼1.5 mm in diameter. Age weakly correlated with some canal measurements; males had slightly larger canal lengths and alveolar crest distances. Concavity type did not significantly affect loop or canal prevalence, though Type III tended to be larger.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Mandibular anatomical variations differ by gender, with males showing greater measurements, particularly in cortical distances. Concavity type affects dimensions, with Type III showing the largest values. These findings emphasize the need to consider gender and concavity morphology in preoperative assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55993,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stomatology Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"127 4","pages":"Article 102727"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146004837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2026.102721
Julie Chauvel-Picard , Camille Lambert , Edouard Lange , Dominique Gaget , Marc Asselborn , Chrystele Hartmann-Merlin , Ahmad B. Alali , Mohammad Khalaf , Aqeel A Lari , Madhi Dashti , Sanela Morand , Arnaud Gleizal
Introduction
Cleft lip and palate (CLP) are congenital anomalies requiring complex multidisciplinary care, including alveolar bone grafting (ABG). ABG restores alveolar continuity, facilitates proper dental alignment and improves nasal function. Traditional autologous bone grafting, often using iliac crest bone, is associated with donor-site morbidity, prompting exploration of alternatives such as bone allografts and biomaterials. This study evaluated the efficacy of bone allograft combined with Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) in pediatric ABG.
Materials and Methods
This prospective cohort study included all pediatric patients with unilateral or bilateral CLP undergoing ABG between January 2020 and January 2023. All patients underwent ABG using bone allograft combined with PRF. Pre and postoperative conebeam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were used to assess graft volume and consolidation by quantifying the residual bone allograft. Statistical analyses evaluated factors influencing graft success, including preoperative palatal expansion and cleft characteristics.
Results
A total of 47 patients (54 alveolar clefts) were included. The mean residual bone volume was 73.4 +/- 21%. Lateral incisor presence dit not significantly influence graft consolidation, with residual bone volumes of 76.44 +/- 21.01% versus 70.13 +/- 21/14 % (p=0.19). In contrast, preoperative palatal expansion was associated with significantly improved outcomes: patients treated with Quad Helix expansion demonstrated a markedly greater residual bone percentage (79.14 +/- 18.60 % versus 59.77 +/- 20.99 %; p = 0.002; Cohen's d = 1.00). Overall, bone allografts combined with PRF achieved substantial and consistent postoperative ossification with low complications rates with only one case of graft failure.
Conclusion
Bone allografts combined with PRF demonstrate satisfactory outcomes in pediatric ABG, offering a viable alternative to autografts. Further studies are needed to evaluate the durability of the grafts, their impact on long-term oral and functional outcomes, and their impact on orthognathic surgery and prosthetic and implant rehabilitation.
简介：唇腭裂（CLP）是一种先天性畸形，需要复杂的多学科治疗，包括牙槽骨移植（ABG）。ABG可以恢复牙槽的连续性，促进牙齿排列，改善鼻功能。传统的自体骨移植，通常使用髂骨，与供体部位的发病率相关，这促使人们探索异体骨移植和生物材料等替代方法。本研究评价同种异体骨移植联合富血小板纤维蛋白（PRF）治疗小儿ABG的疗效。材料和方法：该前瞻性队列研究纳入了2020年1月至2023年1月期间接受ABG治疗的所有单侧或双侧CLP患儿。所有患者均采用同种异体骨移植联合PRF行ABG。术前和术后使用锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）通过量化同种异体骨移植的残余来评估移植物的体积和巩固。统计分析评估了影响移植物成功的因素，包括术前腭扩张和腭裂特征。结果：共纳入47例（54例）牙槽裂。平均残余骨体积为73.4±21%。侧切牙的存在对移植物固结无显著影响，残骨体积分别为76.44 +/- 21.01%和70.13 +/- 21/ 14% （p=0.19）。相比之下，术前腭扩张与显著改善的结果相关：接受Quad Helix扩张治疗的患者显示出明显更高的残余骨百分比（79.14 +/- 18.60% vs 59.77 +/- 20.99%; p = 0.002;Cohen’s d = 1.00）。总的来说，同种异体骨移植联合PRF实现了大量和一致的术后骨化，并发症发生率低，只有一例移植失败。结论：同种异体骨移植联合PRF治疗儿童ABG的效果令人满意，为自体骨移植提供了可行的选择。需要进一步的研究来评估移植物的耐久性，它们对长期口腔和功能结果的影响，以及它们对正颌手术和假体和种植体康复的影响。
{"title":"The use of bone allograft and platelet-rich fibrin in cleft alveolar bone grafting : an alternative to iliac crest harvesting","authors":"Julie Chauvel-Picard , Camille Lambert , Edouard Lange , Dominique Gaget , Marc Asselborn , Chrystele Hartmann-Merlin , Ahmad B. Alali , Mohammad Khalaf , Aqeel A Lari , Madhi Dashti , Sanela Morand , Arnaud Gleizal","doi":"10.1016/j.jormas.2026.102721","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jormas.2026.102721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Cleft lip and palate (CLP) are congenital anomalies requiring complex multidisciplinary care, including alveolar bone grafting (ABG). ABG restores alveolar continuity, facilitates proper dental alignment and improves nasal function. Traditional autologous bone grafting, often using iliac crest bone, is associated with donor-site morbidity, prompting exploration of alternatives such as bone allografts and biomaterials. This study evaluated the efficacy of bone allograft combined with Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) in pediatric ABG.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>This prospective cohort study included all pediatric patients with unilateral or bilateral CLP undergoing ABG between January 2020 and January 2023. All patients underwent ABG using bone allograft combined with PRF. Pre and postoperative conebeam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were used to assess graft volume and consolidation by quantifying the residual bone allograft. Statistical analyses evaluated factors influencing graft success, including preoperative palatal expansion and cleft characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 47 patients (54 alveolar clefts) were included. The mean residual bone volume was 73.4 +/- 21%. Lateral incisor presence dit not significantly influence graft consolidation, with residual bone volumes of 76.44 +/- 21.01% versus 70.13 +/- 21/14 % (p=0.19). In contrast, preoperative palatal expansion was associated with significantly improved outcomes: patients treated with Quad Helix expansion demonstrated a markedly greater residual bone percentage (79.14 +/- 18.60 % versus 59.77 +/- 20.99 %; p = 0.002; Cohen's d = 1.00). Overall, bone allografts combined with PRF achieved substantial and consistent postoperative ossification with low complications rates with only one case of graft failure.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Bone allografts combined with PRF demonstrate satisfactory outcomes in pediatric ABG, offering a viable alternative to autografts. Further studies are needed to evaluate the durability of the grafts, their impact on long-term oral and functional outcomes, and their impact on orthognathic surgery and prosthetic and implant rehabilitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55993,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stomatology Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"127 4","pages":"Article 102721"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145999815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2026.102722
Anusree J, Easwaran Ramaswami, Sonali Kadam, Vijayalaxmi Nimma, Siddhi Rane
Background
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an aggressive malignancy with high recurrence rates and limited survival benefits from conventional treatments. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach, but its role in OSCC remains to be clearly defined.
Objectives
To systematically review and synthesize available evidence on the use of immunotherapy in OSCC, focusing on treatment regimens, clinical outcomes, and adverse effects.
Methods
A systematic search of PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar was conducted for studies published between January 2000 and December 2024. Eligible studies were case reports or case series involving OSCC patients treated with immunotherapy. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools.
Results
Seventeen studies comprising 20 individual OSCC cases were included. The most common tumor sites were the tongue (30%) and gingiva (30%), with 60% presenting at stage IV. Immunotherapy was used more often as adjuvant therapy (55%) than monotherapy (45%). Pembrolizumab (n = 7) and nivolumab (n = 5) were the most frequently administered agents. complete responses occurred in 50%, partial responses in 20% of cases and progressive disease in 15%. Adverse effects, reported in 75% of cases, ranged from mild dermatologic reactions to severe immune-mediated events.
Conclusions
Immunotherapy shows promising clinical activity in OSCC, particularly in combination with conventional treatments, but its optimal use requires further high-quality research.
背景：口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）是一种侵袭性恶性肿瘤，复发率高，常规治疗的生存率有限。免疫疗法已成为一种很有前景的治疗方法，但其在OSCC中的作用仍有待明确界定。目的：系统地回顾和综合有关免疫治疗在OSCC中的应用的现有证据，重点关注治疗方案、临床结果和不良反应。方法：系统检索PubMed、MEDLINE、Web of Science、Cochrane Library和谷歌Scholar，检索2000年1月至2024年12月间发表的研究。符合条件的研究包括接受免疫治疗的OSCC患者的病例报告或病例系列。使用乔安娜布里格斯研究所（JBI）的关键评估工具进行数据提取和质量评估。结果：纳入17项研究，包括20例个体OSCC病例。最常见的肿瘤部位是舌头（30%）和牙龈（30%），其中60%出现在IV期。免疫治疗作为辅助治疗（55%）比单一治疗（45%）更常用。Pembrolizumab （n = 7）和nivolumab （n = 5）是最常用的药物。50%的病例出现完全缓解，20%的病例出现部分缓解，15%的病例出现疾病进展。75%的病例报告了不良反应，从轻微的皮肤反应到严重的免疫介导事件。结论：免疫治疗在OSCC中显示出良好的临床活性，特别是与常规治疗相结合，但其最佳使用需要进一步的高质量研究。
{"title":"Role of immunotherapy in the management of oral squamous cell carcinoma – A systematic review","authors":"Anusree J, Easwaran Ramaswami, Sonali Kadam, Vijayalaxmi Nimma, Siddhi Rane","doi":"10.1016/j.jormas.2026.102722","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jormas.2026.102722","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an aggressive malignancy with high recurrence rates and limited survival benefits from conventional treatments. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach, but its role in OSCC remains to be clearly defined.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To systematically review and synthesize available evidence on the use of immunotherapy in OSCC, focusing on treatment regimens, clinical outcomes, and adverse effects.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic search of PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar was conducted for studies published between January 2000 and December 2024. Eligible studies were case reports or case series involving OSCC patients treated with immunotherapy. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seventeen studies comprising 20 individual OSCC cases were included. The most common tumor sites were the tongue (30%) and gingiva (30%), with 60% presenting at stage IV. Immunotherapy was used more often as adjuvant therapy (55%) than monotherapy (45%). Pembrolizumab (<em>n</em> = 7) and nivolumab (<em>n</em> = 5) were the most frequently administered agents. complete responses occurred in 50%, partial responses in 20% of cases and progressive disease in 15%. Adverse effects, reported in 75% of cases, ranged from mild dermatologic reactions to severe immune-mediated events.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Immunotherapy shows promising clinical activity in OSCC, particularly in combination with conventional treatments, but its optimal use requires further high-quality research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55993,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stomatology Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"127 3","pages":"Article 102722"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145994604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2026.102718
Stefania Troise , Federica Calabria , Raffaele Spinelli , Silvia De Masi , Sara Tramontano , Vincenzo Abbate , Paola Bonavolontà , Giovanni Salzano , Gianluca Renato De Fazio , Antonio Romano , Luigi Angelo Vaira , Giuseppe Consorti , Carlos Navarro Cuellar , Giovanni Dell'Aversana Orabona
Background
Orbital floor fractures are among the most frequent facial injuries, and precise reconstruction is essential to prevent both functional and aesthetic complications. Virtual Surgical Planning (VSP) combined with pre-shaped titanium mesh has transformed orbital reconstruction. This study aimed to evaluate whether VSP-assisted surgery with pre-modeled mesh provides greater accuracy and reduced operative times compared with conventional intraoperative mesh shaping.
Methods
A case–control study was performed on 52 patients treated at the “Federico II” University Hospital of Naples for large pure orbital floor fractures. Twenty-four patients (Group A) underwent VSP-assisted reconstruction using a preformed titanium mesh, while twenty-eight patients (Group B) received conventional intraoperative mesh modeling. Operative time, postoperative diplopia, infraorbital sensory disturbance, mesh malposition, screw loosening, and infection were compared in the two groups. Clinical and radiological follow-up was conducted at 12 months.
Results
Median operative time was significantly shorter in Group A compared with Group B (55 min [IQR 50–65] vs. 110 min [IQR 98–125]; p < 0.001). Persistent diplopia occurred in 4 % of patients in Group A and 28.6 % in Group B (p = 0.028). Implant malposition was observed exclusively in Group B (25 % vs. 0 %; p = 0.011). Other postoperative complications, including infraorbital nerve alterations, eyelid malposition, wound dehiscence, screw loss, and infection, were more frequent in Group B but did not reach statistical significance. No cases of postoperative ocular motility limitation or iatrogenic fracture were observed in either group.
Conclusions
VSP with pre-modeled titanium mesh significantly reduces operative time and postoperative complications, enhancing reconstructive precision and outcomes in orbital floor fracture management. This virtual protocol is useful for reducing the costs and waiting times of custom-made implants, manufactured by external companies.
背景：眶底骨折是最常见的面部损伤之一，精确的重建是防止功能和美学并发症的必要条件。虚拟手术计划（VSP）结合预成形钛网改造眼眶重建。本研究旨在评估与传统的术中补片成形相比，使用预建模补片的vsp辅助手术是否提供更高的准确性和更少的手术时间。方法：对那不勒斯“Federico II”大学医院收治的52例单纯眶底大骨折患者进行病例对照研究。24例患者（A组）采用预成型钛网进行vsp辅助重建，28例患者（B组）采用常规术中补片建模。比较两组手术时间、术后复视、眶下感觉障碍、补片错位、螺钉松动、感染情况。12个月后进行临床及影像学随访。结果：A组中位手术时间明显短于B组（55分钟[IQR 50-65] vs 110分钟[IQR 98-125]； p < 0.001）。A组持续复视发生率为4%，B组为28.6% （p = 0.028）。B组仅出现种植体错位（25% vs. 0%; p = 0.011）。B组术后其他并发症眶下神经改变、眼睑错位、创面裂开、螺钉脱落、感染发生率较高，但无统计学意义。两组均无术后眼动受限或医源性骨折发生。结论：预模钛网VSP可显著减少手术时间和术后并发症，提高眶底骨折重建精度和治疗效果。这种虚拟协议有助于减少由外部公司制造的定制植入物的成本和等待时间。
{"title":"Virtual surgical planning and 3D custom-made implants in the management of orbital floor fractures: A case control study","authors":"Stefania Troise , Federica Calabria , Raffaele Spinelli , Silvia De Masi , Sara Tramontano , Vincenzo Abbate , Paola Bonavolontà , Giovanni Salzano , Gianluca Renato De Fazio , Antonio Romano , Luigi Angelo Vaira , Giuseppe Consorti , Carlos Navarro Cuellar , Giovanni Dell'Aversana Orabona","doi":"10.1016/j.jormas.2026.102718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jormas.2026.102718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Orbital floor fractures are among the most frequent facial injuries, and precise reconstruction is essential to prevent both functional and aesthetic complications. Virtual Surgical Planning (VSP) combined with pre-shaped titanium mesh has transformed orbital reconstruction. This study aimed to evaluate whether VSP-assisted surgery with pre-modeled mesh provides greater accuracy and reduced operative times compared with conventional intraoperative mesh shaping.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A case–control study was performed on 52 patients treated at the “Federico II” University Hospital of Naples for large pure orbital floor fractures. Twenty-four patients (Group A) underwent VSP-assisted reconstruction using a preformed titanium mesh, while twenty-eight patients (Group B) received conventional intraoperative mesh modeling. Operative time, postoperative diplopia, infraorbital sensory disturbance, mesh malposition, screw loosening, and infection were compared in the two groups. Clinical and radiological follow-up was conducted at 12 months.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Median operative time was significantly shorter in Group A compared with Group B (55 min [IQR 50–65] vs. 110 min [IQR 98–125]; <em>p</em> < 0.001). Persistent diplopia occurred in 4 % of patients in Group A and 28.6 % in Group B (<em>p</em> = 0.028). Implant malposition was observed exclusively in Group B (25 % vs. 0 %; <em>p</em> = 0.011). Other postoperative complications, including infraorbital nerve alterations, eyelid malposition, wound dehiscence, screw loss, and infection, were more frequent in Group B but did not reach statistical significance. No cases of postoperative ocular motility limitation or iatrogenic fracture were observed in either group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>VSP with pre-modeled titanium mesh significantly reduces operative time and postoperative complications, enhancing reconstructive precision and outcomes in orbital floor fracture management. This virtual protocol is useful for reducing the costs and waiting times of custom-made implants, manufactured by external companies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55993,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stomatology Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"127 3","pages":"Article 102718"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145992049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2026.102716
Diogo de Vasconcelos Macedo , Milena Gomes Melo Leite , Maria Eduarda Carlos Conceição , Nicolau Conte Neto , Marcelo Silva Monnazzi
Objective
To evaluate, through three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA), the stress and strain distribution in reconstruction plates of different thicknesses used for fixation of bone-grafted segmental mandibular defects.
Method
A dentate mandibular model was obtained from computed tomography data and digitally processed for FEA using ANSYS 7.0. Three reconstruction plate models (2.0, 2.4, and 3.0 mm thick) were applied to simulate defects in the symphyseal, body, and angle regions of the mandible, each associated with block bone grafts and fixed using 2.4-mm locking screws. A 300-N vertical occlusal load and muscle vectors representing masticatory forces were simulated. Stress distribution was analyzed according to von Mises criteria across plates, screws, and bone graft blocks.
Results
Increasing plate thickness reduced stress concentration within the plates but significantly increased stress on the fixation screws, particularly those adjacent to osteotomy lines. The symphyseal defect exhibited the highest stress values, followed by the body and angle defects. Stress values within bone graft blocks remained low (<250 MPa), indicating minimal deformation.
Conclusion
Thicker reconstruction plates enhance mechanical resistance but increase stress concentration on fixation screws, especially near osteotomies, suggesting a higher risk of screw loosening or peri‑implant bone resorption. The anterior mandible demonstrated the most unfavorable stress distribution. Locking fixation systems are recommended when rigid plates are used to mitigate screw-related complications.
{"title":"Biomechanical evaluation of reconstruction plates in bone-grafted mandibular defects: a finite element analysis","authors":"Diogo de Vasconcelos Macedo , Milena Gomes Melo Leite , Maria Eduarda Carlos Conceição , Nicolau Conte Neto , Marcelo Silva Monnazzi","doi":"10.1016/j.jormas.2026.102716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jormas.2026.102716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate, through three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA), the stress and strain distribution in reconstruction plates of different thicknesses used for fixation of bone-grafted segmental mandibular defects.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A dentate mandibular model was obtained from computed tomography data and digitally processed for FEA using ANSYS 7.0. Three reconstruction plate models (2.0, 2.4, and 3.0 mm thick) were applied to simulate defects in the symphyseal, body, and angle regions of the mandible, each associated with block bone grafts and fixed using 2.4-mm locking screws. A 300-N vertical occlusal load and muscle vectors representing masticatory forces were simulated. Stress distribution was analyzed according to von Mises criteria across plates, screws, and bone graft blocks.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Increasing plate thickness reduced stress concentration within the plates but significantly increased stress on the fixation screws, particularly those adjacent to osteotomy lines. The symphyseal defect exhibited the highest stress values, followed by the body and angle defects. Stress values within bone graft blocks remained low (<250 MPa), indicating minimal deformation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Thicker reconstruction plates enhance mechanical resistance but increase stress concentration on fixation screws, especially near osteotomies, suggesting a higher risk of screw loosening or peri‑implant bone resorption. The anterior mandible demonstrated the most unfavorable stress distribution. Locking fixation systems are recommended when rigid plates are used to mitigate screw-related complications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55993,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stomatology Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"127 3","pages":"Article 102716"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145992109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ultrasound imaging is gaining increasing relevance in facial aesthetic medicine due to its real-time, non-invasive, and radiation-free nature. The purpose of this scoping review was to explore the clinical applications of ultrasonography in aesthetic medicine.
Materials and methods
A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify clinical studies evaluating the use of ultrasonography in facial aesthetic medicine. The search strategy included the following terms: "aesthetic", "facial", "ultrasound". PRISMA Extension for Scoping Review guidelines were used.
Results
A total of 6 studies were included in this review. Ultrasonography has been used to guide injections in facial aesthetic procedures such as filler and botulinum injection and to assess the thickness of the masseter muscle to evaluate the efficacy of masseter muscle hypertrophy treatment.
Conclusions
Ultrasonography enhances the safety of facial aesthetic procedures by guiding injections into the correct tissue layers and minimizing vascular risks. Priority should be given to the development of standardized protocols and an increase in randomized clinical trials.
目的：超声成像由于其实时、无创和无辐射的特性，在面部美容医学中越来越重要。本文旨在探讨超声检查在美容医学中的临床应用。材料和方法：通过PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science进行全面的文献检索，找出评估超声检查在面部美容医学中的应用的临床研究。搜索策略包括：“美学”、“面部”、“超声波”。使用了PRISMA扩展范围审查指南。结果：本综述共纳入6项研究。超声检查已被用于指导面部美容手术的注射，如填充剂和肉毒杆菌注射，并评估咬肌的厚度，以评估咬肌肥大治疗的疗效。结论：超声引导注射进入正确的组织层，降低血管风险，提高了面部美容手术的安全性。应优先考虑制定标准化方案和增加随机临床试验。
{"title":"The emerging role of ultrasound in facial aesthetic procedures","authors":"Davide Gerardi , Pierangelo Burdo , Gianluca Botticelli , Diana Torge , Francesca Angiolani , Fabiola Rinaldi , Giuseppe Varvara","doi":"10.1016/j.jormas.2026.102714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jormas.2026.102714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Ultrasound imaging is gaining increasing relevance in facial aesthetic medicine due to its real-time, non-invasive, and radiation-free nature. The purpose of this scoping review was to explore the clinical applications of ultrasonography in aesthetic medicine.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify clinical studies evaluating the use of ultrasonography in facial aesthetic medicine. The search strategy included the following terms: \"aesthetic\", \"facial\", \"ultrasound\". PRISMA Extension for Scoping Review guidelines were used.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 6 studies were included in this review. Ultrasonography has been used to guide injections in facial aesthetic procedures such as filler and botulinum injection and to assess the thickness of the masseter muscle to evaluate the efficacy of masseter muscle hypertrophy treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Ultrasonography enhances the safety of facial aesthetic procedures by guiding injections into the correct tissue layers and minimizing vascular risks. Priority should be given to the development of standardized protocols and an increase in randomized clinical trials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55993,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stomatology Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"127 3","pages":"Article 102714"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145992046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
English dominates scientific communication, yet non-native speakers face significant barriers in publishing. Artificial intelligence (AI) translation tools offer a potential solution, but their efficacy requires systematic evaluation. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the performance of generative AI tools with a focus on their suitability for non-native English-speaking researchers.
Materials and Methods
Thirty Non-English texts (150–300 words) across technical, academic, and descriptive genres were translated by six AI tools (ChatGPT-4.0, Claude 3.7, Copilot, Gemini 2.0, DeepSeek-V3, Perplexity) using standardized prompts. Translations were assessed via Grammarly® for correctness, clarity, engagement, and delivery. Statistical analysis (ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis) compared performance.
Results
DeepSeek achieved the highest overall score (mean=92.9, p < 0.001), significantly outperforming Claude (p = 0.006) and Copilot (p = 0.048), while matching Gemini (p = 0.989). Gemini ranked second but frequently declined revisions, citing "already perfect" texts. Correctness varied significantly (p = 0.0078), with Copilot excelling, while DeepSeek led in clarity, engagement, and delivery (p < 0.01).
Conclusion
DeepSeek emerged as the most robust translator, with Gemini as a close second. AI translation can help reduce barriers but requires transparency and ongoing refinement to balance efficiency with academic rigor.
{"title":"AI-assisted translation in oral and maxillofacial surgery: A comparative evaluation","authors":"Murillo Martins Pinto , Erick Elienai Reis Araújo , Zacharie Rahhal , Dani Stanbouly , Ricardo Grillo","doi":"10.1016/j.jormas.2026.102717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jormas.2026.102717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>English dominates scientific communication, yet non-native speakers face significant barriers in publishing. Artificial intelligence (AI) translation tools offer a potential solution, but their efficacy requires systematic evaluation. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the performance of generative AI tools with a focus on their suitability for non-native English-speaking researchers.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>Thirty Non-English texts (150–300 words) across technical, academic, and descriptive genres were translated by six AI tools (ChatGPT-4.0, Claude 3.7, Copilot, Gemini 2.0, DeepSeek-V3, Perplexity) using standardized prompts. Translations were assessed via Grammarly® for correctness, clarity, engagement, and delivery. Statistical analysis (ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis) compared performance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>DeepSeek achieved the highest overall score (mean=92.9, <em>p</em> < 0.001), significantly outperforming Claude (<em>p</em> = 0.006) and Copilot (<em>p</em> = 0.048), while matching Gemini (<em>p</em> = 0.989). Gemini ranked second but frequently declined revisions, citing \"already perfect\" texts. Correctness varied significantly (<em>p</em> = 0.0078), with Copilot excelling, while DeepSeek led in clarity, engagement, and delivery (<em>p</em> < 0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>DeepSeek emerged as the most robust translator, with Gemini as a close second. AI translation can help reduce barriers but requires transparency and ongoing refinement to balance efficiency with academic rigor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55993,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stomatology Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"127 3","pages":"Article 102717"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145992089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2026.102715
Giovanni Battista Menchini-Fabris , Paolo Toti , Young Min Park , Andrea Bernardis , Saverio Cosola , Tommaso Grandi
Purposes
The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the accuracy of pterygoid implant placement using static guides based on mucosa-tooth-supported resin templates in fully edentulous patients. In addition, the study assessed whether deviations at the neck and apex tended to compensate or amplify along the implant axis by introducing the differential parameters.
Methods
Thirty-four patients (mean age 63.7 ± 9.0 years) received 62 pterygoid implants between September 2022 and July 2023. Virtual implant planning was performed on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-derived datasets, and 3D printed resin surgical guides were fabricated to transfer the plan to the surgical field. Postoperative CBCT scans were superimposed onto the virtual plan using voxel-based registration, allowing vertical and horizontal measurement of deviations at the implant neck (v3, h3) and apex (v4, h4), as well as angular discrepancies (θ). Compensation and amplification effects were analyzed by computing vertical and horizontal differentials Δv and Δh. Data were expressed as medians and interquartile ranges (iqr).
Results
At the neck level, median vertical deviation was –0.54(0.59) mm and horizontal deviation 0.78(0.60) mm. At the apex, median vertical deviation was –0.41(0.61) mm, while horizontal deviation increased to 1.06(0.48) mm. The difference between h3 and h4 was significant (p < 0.0001), reflecting systematic amplification of horizontal misalignment. Angular deviation was low, with a median of 1.37(1.18) degrees. Analysis of Δv, about 0(0.31) mm, and Δh, +0.30(0.52) mm revealed that vertical errors were variably compensated apically, whereas horizontal errors tended to amplify. Quadrant analysis showed that while most implants displayed amplification, a subset exhibited partial or even double compensation when both vertical and horizontal deviations decreased apically.
Conclusion
Pterygoid implant placement with static guides based on mucosa-tooth-supported resin templates demonstrated high accuracy, with deviations lower than those reported in meta-analyses and angular discrepancies markedly reduced. The introduction of Δv and Δh provided a novel insight into error propagation, highlighting compensatory versus amplifying trajectories.
{"title":"Accuracy of static-guided pterygoid implant placement using mucosa-tooth-supported resin templates: a retrospective cohort study","authors":"Giovanni Battista Menchini-Fabris , Paolo Toti , Young Min Park , Andrea Bernardis , Saverio Cosola , Tommaso Grandi","doi":"10.1016/j.jormas.2026.102715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jormas.2026.102715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purposes</h3><div>The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the accuracy of pterygoid implant placement using static guides based on mucosa-tooth-supported resin templates in fully edentulous patients. In addition, the study assessed whether deviations at the neck and apex tended to compensate or amplify along the implant axis by introducing the differential parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty-four patients (mean age 63.7 ± 9.0 years) received 62 pterygoid implants between September 2022 and July 2023. Virtual implant planning was performed on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-derived datasets, and 3D printed resin surgical guides were fabricated to transfer the plan to the surgical field. Postoperative CBCT scans were superimposed onto the virtual plan using voxel-based registration, allowing vertical and horizontal measurement of deviations at the implant neck (<em>v</em><sup>3</sup>, <em>h</em><sub>3</sub>) and apex (<em>v</em><sub>4</sub>, <em>h</em><sub>4</sub>), as well as angular discrepancies (<em>θ</em>). Compensation and amplification effects were analyzed by computing vertical and horizontal differentials Δ<em>v</em> and Δ<em>h</em>. Data were expressed as medians and interquartile ranges (iqr).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At the neck level, median vertical deviation was –0.54(0.59) mm and horizontal deviation 0.78(0.60) mm. At the apex, median vertical deviation was –0.41(0.61) mm, while horizontal deviation increased to 1.06(0.48) mm. The difference between <em>h</em><sub>3</sub> and <em>h</em><sub>4</sub> was significant (<em>p</em> < 0.0001), reflecting systematic amplification of horizontal misalignment. Angular deviation was low, with a median of 1.37(1.18) degrees. Analysis of Δ<em>v</em>, about 0(0.31) mm, and Δ<em>h</em>, +0.30(0.52) mm revealed that vertical errors were variably compensated apically, whereas horizontal errors tended to amplify. Quadrant analysis showed that while most implants displayed amplification, a subset exhibited partial or even double compensation when both vertical and horizontal deviations decreased apically.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Pterygoid implant placement with static guides based on mucosa-tooth-supported resin templates demonstrated high accuracy, with deviations lower than those reported in meta-analyses and angular discrepancies markedly reduced. The introduction of Δ<em>v</em> and Δ<em>h</em> provided a novel insight into error propagation, highlighting compensatory versus amplifying trajectories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55993,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stomatology Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"127 3","pages":"Article 102715"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145985597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2026.102713
Anuj Jain
Background
Case reports play a critical role in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) by documenting rare presentations, unexpected complications, and complex intraoperative events. However, contemporary publication patterns suggest a bias toward reporting “ideal” outcomes, potentially limiting opportunities for complication-based learning.
Methods
A narrative review of bibliometric studies and large-scale clinical reports published between 2008 and 2025 was conducted using journal archives and database searches (PubMed, Scopus). The review synthesised trends in case report publication across major OMFS journals and compared these with real-world complication rates reported in high-volume clinical studies.
Results
Case report publications in OMFS journals have progressively declined over the past decade. In BJOMS, complication- or novelty-focused short communications decreased from 52 % in 2008–2009 to 35 % in 2010–2011. In contrast, large clinical cohorts document substantial adverse event rates, ranging from 3.6 % in third molar surgery to 43.7 % in orthognathic surgery. This discrepancy highlights a growing gap between clinical reality and published literature.
Conclusion
The underrepresentation of complication-focused case reports skews perceptions of OMFS practice and limits experiential learning. Transparent, structured reporting of complications can enhance patient safety, strengthen surgical education, and better align published evidence with real-world outcomes. Journals should adopt policies that encourage and normalize the publication of clinically meaningful adverse events.
{"title":"The hidden cost of the perfect case report: Are we publishing only successes?","authors":"Anuj Jain","doi":"10.1016/j.jormas.2026.102713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jormas.2026.102713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Case reports play a critical role in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) by documenting rare presentations, unexpected complications, and complex intraoperative events. However, contemporary publication patterns suggest a bias toward reporting “ideal” outcomes, potentially limiting opportunities for complication-based learning.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A narrative review of bibliometric studies and large-scale clinical reports published between 2008 and 2025 was conducted using journal archives and database searches (PubMed, Scopus). The review synthesised trends in case report publication across major OMFS journals and compared these with real-world complication rates reported in high-volume clinical studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Case report publications in OMFS journals have progressively declined over the past decade. In BJOMS, complication- or novelty-focused short communications decreased from 52 % in 2008–2009 to 35 % in 2010–2011. In contrast, large clinical cohorts document substantial adverse event rates, ranging from 3.6 % in third molar surgery to 43.7 % in orthognathic surgery. This discrepancy highlights a growing gap between clinical reality and published literature.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The underrepresentation of complication-focused case reports skews perceptions of OMFS practice and limits experiential learning. Transparent, structured reporting of complications can enhance patient safety, strengthen surgical education, and better align published evidence with real-world outcomes. Journals should adopt policies that encourage and normalize the publication of clinically meaningful adverse events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55993,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stomatology Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":"127 3","pages":"Article 102713"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145949471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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