Recovery of Metals from E-waste: Facts, Methods, Challenges, Case Studies, and Sustainable Solutions

IF 8.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ. Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI:10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00696

Sapana Jadoun*, Sampath Chinnam, Shagufta Jabin, Yachana Upadhyay, Nirmala Kumari Jangid and Jannatun Zia,

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Abstract

The growing issue of electronic waste (E-waste), driven by the exponential growth in electronic device usage, presents significant environmental and economic challenges. E-waste production has surged, increasing by ∼2 million metric tonnes (Mt) annually, reaching 60 Mt in 2023, with projections suggesting it will exceed 70 Mt by 2030. Despite China, the United States, and India being the top E-waste producers, their recycling rates remain critically low at 16%, 15%, and 1%, respectively. E-waste contains valuable metals, such as gold (Au), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu), which comprise ∼60% of its composition. However, only 17.4% of the global E-waste was appropriately recycled in 2023. This Review discusses the latest data on E-waste, evaluates current metal recovery methods, and emphasizes the urgency of sustainable solutions to mitigate environmental hazards and promote a circular economy. The paper also covers case studies highlighting challenges and potential strategies for enhancing metal recovery efficiency, contributing significantly to global sustainability efforts and waste management.

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从电子废物中回收金属：事实，方法，挑战，案例研究和可持续解决方案

在电子设备使用指数增长的推动下，电子废物（E-waste）问题日益严重，给环境和经济带来了重大挑战。电子垃圾产量激增，每年增加约200万吨（Mt），到2023年达到6000万吨，预计到2030年将超过7000万吨。尽管中国、美国和印度是最大的电子垃圾生产国，但它们的回收率仍然非常低，分别为16%、15%和1%。电子垃圾中含有金（Au）、银（Ag）、铜（Cu）等贵重金属，约占其成分的60%。然而，在2023年，全球只有17.4%的电子垃圾得到了适当的回收。本文讨论了电子废物的最新数据，评估了现有的金属回收方法，并强调了可持续解决方案的紧迫性，以减轻环境危害和促进循环经济。本文还涵盖了案例研究，强调了提高金属回收效率的挑战和潜在战略，为全球可持续性努力和废物管理做出了重大贡献。

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来源期刊

Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ. ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL SC-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

CiteScore

17.90

自引率

3.70%

发文量

163

期刊介绍： Environmental Science & Technology Letters serves as an international forum for brief communications on experimental or theoretical results of exceptional timeliness in all aspects of environmental science, both pure and applied. Published as soon as accepted, these communications are summarized in monthly issues. Additionally, the journal features short reviews on emerging topics in environmental science and technology.

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