Validated allometric models for volume, biomass, carbon, and nutrient estimation in forest ecosystems of Bangladesh: A step toward sustainable forest management and climate resilience

Abstract

Accurate volume and biomass estimation of tree resources of forest ecosystems are essential for sustainable forest management, carbon stock assessments, and climate change mitigation. This study aimed to develop a complete database of the available volume, biomass, and carbon allometric equations for the different plant life forms of Bangladesh. It also wanted to generate a validated database of allometric equations. This study used a systematic literature review process to ensure comprehensive, accurate, and relevant data collection. This study presents a comprehensive unvalidated database of 1,015 allometric volume and biomass models developed for trees, shrubs, palms, and bamboo across diverse forest types (natural, plantations, and trees outside forests). All these available equations were validated through a four-step quality control process. Finally, 349 allometric equations passed the validation processes. A total of 325 species-specific validated equations were recorded for 62 species, and 24 equations for group and stand level. Trees are the primary contributors followed by shrubs, while palms and bamboo have no representation in the validated equations. The findings highlight the critical need for species- and site-specific models, as reliance on pantropical models may introduce inaccuracies. This validated database supports accurate biomass and carbon stock estimations, strengthens national climate reporting frameworks such as REDD+, and enhances Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) systems. The study highlights the importance of ongoing research and integrating emerging technologies to refine and expand allometric models for better forest management and climate change mitigation in Bangladesh.