Trees, Forests and People最新文献

“Paying not to work?” examining the validity of forest sector narratives on COVID-19 pandemic relief and labor impacts “付钱不工作？”，考察森林部门关于COVID-19大流行救济和劳动力影响的叙述的有效性

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101144

Manuja Jayasundara , Puneet Dwivedi , Joseph L. Conrad IV , Jesse B. Abrams

The COVID-19 pandemic caused major disruptions in labor markets across the United States. This study examines forest-sector stakeholders’ narratives around pandemic assistance programs and their perceived labor impacts, drawing on 35 semi-structured interviews with mill representatives, loggers, landowners, and foresters in Georgia, a major forestry state located in the southern United States. We identified narratives around stimulus payments, expanded unemployment insurance, and the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) and assessed validity of those narratives using available evidence. We also explored how broader cultural beliefs and public rhetoric shaped these narratives using a narrative based theoretical lens.

A recurring narrative was that government assistance to individuals, particularly stimulus payments and expanded unemployment insurance, reduced labor availability and led to wage increases. We found mixed evidence for this claim, along with a more complex picture indicating that pandemic assistance also stimulated business activity and consumer demand, which in turn contributed to tighter labor markets and rising wages. Another common theme focused on the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP). While some participants viewed PPP as essential for business survival, others criticized it as fiscally irresponsible and poorly targeted, especially within a sector that largely remained operational during the pandemic. Evidence suggests both interpretations have merit, as PPP supported employment but incurred high costs and lacked precise targeting.

These narratives were shaped by broader cultural factors, including trust in government, views on public spending, as well as public rhetoric during the pandemic. As policy perceptions are shaped by cultural narratives as much as by empirical evidence, future policies should account for influence of such narratives.

COVID-19大流行对美国各地的劳动力市场造成了重大破坏。本研究通过对位于美国南部主要林业州佐治亚州的工厂代表、伐木者、土地所有者和林农的35次半结构化访谈，考察了林业部门利益相关者对流行病援助计划及其感知到的劳动力影响的叙述。我们确定了有关刺激支出、扩大失业保险和工资保护计划（PPP）的说法，并利用现有证据评估了这些说法的有效性。我们还探讨了更广泛的文化信仰和公共修辞如何使用基于叙事的理论镜头塑造这些叙事。一个反复出现的说法是，政府对个人的援助，特别是刺激支出和扩大的失业保险，减少了劳动力供应，导致工资上涨。我们发现了支持这一说法的混合证据，同时还有一种更复杂的情况表明，大流行援助也刺激了商业活动和消费者需求，这反过来又导致了劳动力市场趋紧和工资上涨。另一个共同的主题是工资保障计划。一些与会者认为公私伙伴关系对企业生存至关重要，而另一些与会者则批评公私伙伴关系在财政上不负责任，目标不明确，特别是在大流行期间基本保持运营的部门。有证据表明，这两种解释都有其可取之处，因为购买力平价支持了就业，但成本高且缺乏精确的目标。这些叙述受到更广泛的文化因素的影响，包括对政府的信任、对公共支出的看法以及大流行期间的公开言论。由于政策观念不仅受到经验证据的影响，也受到文化叙事的影响，因此未来的政策应考虑到这种叙事的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Improving LAI retrieval in complex mountains with implicit mutual terrain irradiance 利用隐式相互地形辐照度改进复杂山地LAI反演

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101151

Chenghao Liu , Guyue Hu , Shaoda Li , Ronghao Yang , Junxiang Tan , Xiao Wang , Siqi Li , Jinhu Bian , Guangbin Lei

Leaf area index (LAI), a key indicator of vegetation canopy structure, is vital to regional ecological assessment and environmental monitoring. However, rugged terrain can induce the radiation distortion recorded by senses, thus resulting in substantial uncertainties in LAI retrievals. Existing canopy reflectance models often ignore the mutual terrain irradiance within soil-canopy layers, thereby limiting the completeness of the physical mechanism. In this study, an LAI retrieval method with physical completeness was proposed tailored for mountainous regions. Radiation interactions within diverse forest scenes were simulated using a discrete anisotropic radiative transfer model to account for the mutual terrain irradiance. Machine learning algorithms were integrated to enhance computational efficiency. The proposed method was validated through typical retrieval algorithms, analyses of topography and canopy effects, and comparisons of LAI retrievals with field observations. The results suggested that the proposed LAI retrieval method, which use the random forest algorithm, performed optimally under various terrain conditions (R² = 0.99, RMSE= 0.15, MAE = 0.13). Moreover, the proposed method significantly outperformed models that neglect mutual terrain irradiance (by 0.29, 0.17, and 0.10 in terms of R², RMSE, and MAE, respectively). The method also exhibited strong robustness across varying terrains and canopy structural conditions, accurately capturing the terrain-induced variations in LAI distribution (R² = 0.88, RMSE = 0.33, MAE = 0.28) in a real mountainous region. Therefore, considering that the mutual terrain irradiance is crucial in surface radiative transfer modelling, the proposed LAI retrieval method can provide a reliable tool for biophysical parameter extraction over rugged terrains.

叶面积指数（LAI）是反映植被冠层结构的重要指标，在区域生态评价和环境监测中具有重要意义。然而，崎岖的地形会引起感官记录的辐射畸变，从而导致LAI反演存在很大的不确定性。现有的冠层反射率模型往往忽略了土壤-冠层内部的相互地形辐照度，从而限制了物理机制的完整性。本研究提出了一种适合山区的具有物理完备性的LAI检索方法。利用离散各向异性辐射传输模型模拟了不同森林场景的辐射相互作用，以考虑相互的地形辐照度。结合机器学习算法，提高计算效率。通过典型检索算法、地形和冠层效应分析以及LAI检索结果与野外观测结果的比较，验证了该方法的有效性。结果表明，采用随机森林算法的LAI检索方法在不同地形条件下的检索效果最优（R2 = 0.99， RMSE= 0.15, MAE = 0.13）。此外，该方法显著优于忽略相互地形辐照度的模型（R2、RMSE和MAE分别高出0.29、0.17和0.10）。该方法在不同地形和冠层结构条件下均表现出较强的鲁棒性，能够准确捕获山地地形引起的LAI分布变化（R2 = 0.88, RMSE = 0.33, MAE = 0.28）。因此，考虑到地形相互辐照度在地表辐射传输建模中至关重要，本文提出的LAI检索方法可以为崎岖地形的生物物理参数提取提供可靠的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling soil organic carbon in the Brazilian amazon with geostatistical and machine learning techniques 用地质统计学和机器学习技术模拟巴西亚马逊地区的土壤有机碳

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101150

Gizachew Ayalew Tiruneh , Ciro Abbud Righi , Jefferson Lordello Polizel , Vinicius Gonçalves , Carlos Rodrigues Pereira

Reliable estimation of soil carbon storage is essential to quantify human effects on the terrestrial carbon cycle. In this work, we analyzed soil organic carbon (SOC) content and stocks in the Brazilian Amazon at two depths (0–30 and 30–60 cm) using 486 georeferenced samples that were evaluated for texture, pH, SOC, and bulk density. In this study, inverse distance weighting (IDW) and machine learning algorithms (Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Multiple Linear Regression, and Artificial Neural Network) were applied and validated through 10-fold cross-validation. Random Forest had the highest accuracy for SOC content (R² = 0.96), and IDW was the best method for SOC stock (R² = 0.88). Predicted SOC content and stock also followed the trend forest > pasture > cropland, and varied from 2.71–4.52 % (103.89–261.95 Mg C ha−¹) in forest soils to 2.03–2.14% (80.05–86.06 Mg C ha⁻¹) on croplands. Clay content, temperature, and land use were the major factors influencing SOC variation. It also indicates the possibility of combining IDW and machine learning approaches to bridge data gaps to guide climate-resilient land management and improvement of SOC, not only in the Amazon but across other tropical and subtropical areas where soil data is sparse. By delivering scalable and transferable modeling systems, this work enables a wider scope for impact in global carbon accounting, sustainable agriculture, and land-use planning for climate mitigation.

土壤碳储量的可靠估算对于量化人类对陆地碳循环的影响至关重要。在这项工作中，我们分析了巴西亚马逊地区两个深度（0-30 cm和30-60 cm）的土壤有机碳（SOC）含量和储量，使用486个地理参考样品进行了质地、pH、SOC和容重评估。在本研究中，应用了逆距离加权（IDW）和机器学习算法（随机森林、支持向量机、多元线性回归和人工神经网络），并通过10倍交叉验证进行了验证。随机森林法测定土壤有机碳含量的准确度最高（R²= 0.96），IDW法测定土壤有机碳储量的准确度最高（R²= 0.88）。预测土壤有机碳含量和储量也与森林、牧场、农田土壤有机碳含量变化趋势一致，森林土壤有机碳含量为2.71 ~ 4.52% (103.89 ~ 261.95 Mg C ha−1)，农田土壤有机碳含量为2.03 ~ 2.14% （80.05 ~ 86.06 Mg C ha−1）。粘土含量、温度和土地利用是影响土壤有机碳变化的主要因素。它还表明，将IDW和机器学习方法相结合，不仅可以在亚马逊地区，还可以在土壤数据稀少的其他热带和亚热带地区，弥合数据差距，指导气候适应型土地管理和改善土壤有机碳。通过提供可扩展和可转移的建模系统，这项工作能够在全球碳核算、可持续农业和缓解气候变化的土地利用规划方面产生更广泛的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of spatial arrangement, intercropping and fertilization on Capsicum annuum and Glycine max productivity under Grewia based agroforestry system in the western Himalayas 空间布局、间作和施肥对西喜马拉雅地区以Grewia为基础的农林业系统辣椒和甘氨酸最高产量的影响

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101133

Krishan Lal Gautam , C.L. Thakur , D.R. Bhardwaj , Subhash Sharma , Rohit Bishist , Harish Sharma , Archana Sharma , Munesh Kumar

Intercropping can enhance productivity per unit of land by utilizing resources more efficiently. The productivity of vegetable-legume intercrops may be affected by factors such as the spatial arrangement of the crops and nutrient sources. However, there is limited understanding of how planting conditions influence productivity in the western Himalayas. The impact of within-row spatial arrangements of intercrops compared to distinct-row systems under on-farm conditions has not been explored in this region. This study was conducted during 2019–2021 in Randomized Block Design having crops Capsicum annuum [Bell pepper (C)]: Glycine max [Soya bean (S)] in Kharif season with three factors viz. two planting condition (Grewia based agroforestry system and open condition), six intercropping patterns (I₁ 1:1 row system, I₂ 1:2 row system, I₃ 2:1 row system, I₄ 2:2 row system, I₅ 0:1 row system and I₆ 1:0 row system) and 3 nutrient sources (T₁:RDF (Recommended Dose of Fertilizer) with FYM, T₂:Jeevamrit @500 l/ha (5 %) and T₃: No manure). The results revealed that growth and yield parameters of capsicum-soybean cropping systems were higher under open conditions. Higher growth and yield parameters of capsicum were recorded in sole cropping while, soybean performs better in 2:2 intercropping patterns on application of RDF. The total Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) under the different intercropping patterns were greater than 1, indicating yield advantage. Higher competitive ratio values of Capsicum indicated that Capsicum was more competitive than soybean. Hence, it is concluded that 1:1 row system of Capsicum annum-Glycine max with application of RDF along with FYM under Grewia based agroforestry system is eluded as most cost effective combination.

间作可以通过更有效地利用资源来提高单位土地的生产力。菜豆间作的产量可能受到作物空间布局和养分来源等因素的影响。然而，对于种植条件如何影响西喜马拉雅地区的生产力，人们的了解有限。行内间作空间安排与不同行间系统在农田条件下的影响尚未在该地区进行探讨。本研究于2019-2021年在随机区组设计中进行，作物为辣椒[甜椒(C)]：在三种因素下，即两种种植条件（基于Grewia的农林复合系统和开放条件），六种间作模式（I1 1:1行制，I2 1:2行制，I3 2:1行制，I4 2:2行制，I5 0:1行制和I6 1:0行制）和3种营养来源（T1:RDF（推荐施肥剂量）与FYM， T2:Jeevamrit @500 l/ha（5%）和T3：不施肥）。结果表明，开放条件下辣椒-大豆种植体系的生长和产量参数较高。单作时辣椒的生长和产量参数较高，而大豆在2:2套作模式下施用RDF效果较好。不同间作模式下的总土地等效比（LER）均大于1，表现出产量优势。较高的竞争比值表明辣椒比大豆更具竞争力。因此，在基于Grewia的农林业系统中，采用RDF和FYM相结合的辣椒-甘氨酸1:1行体系是最具成本效益的组合。

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引用次数: 0

Leveraging change in ecosystem restoration: from planting trees to regenerating people-nature systems 利用生态系统恢复中的变化：从植树到人与自然系统的再生

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101134

Marina Frietsch , Beth A. Kaplin , Athanase Mukuralinda , Donath Nkurikiyimana , Appollinaire William , Jean Damascene Bariyanga , Dula Wakassa Duguma , Cecile Kayitanirwa , Myriam Mujawamariya , Venuste Nsengimana , Pierre Nshimyumuremyi , Verene Nyiramvuyekure , Jean Nduwamungu , Shema Serge , Ezechiel Turikunkiko , Diogene Tuyizere , Joern Fischer

Despite calls for more integrated ecosystem restoration approaches, many restoration projects continue to focus on simple metrics capturing isolated ecological or social system dimensions. To realize the potential of ecosystem restoration to generate a multitude of desirable social-ecological outcomes, we argue that a change in mindsets is needed to move from planting trees to regenerating people-nature systems. Drawing on a leverage points perspective, we propose that changing the paradigms that underpin restoration could shift the modus operandi from an instrumental perspective of ‘nature for people’ to a relational perspective of ‘people with nature’. Following three interacting realms of leverage for transformational change, we use the case study of western Rwanda to exemplarily illustrate how restoration can serve as a critical entry point for re-connecting people and nature in degraded landscapes, re-structuring the time scales considered in natural resource management, and re-thinking the use of diverse types of knowledge in this context. Combining these three realms in place-based restoration efforts can inform new avenues for ecosystem restoration that are rooted in genuine social-ecological relationships. This, in turn, could trigger regenerative dynamics in restoration landscapes – i.e., mutually reinforcing dynamics that support both human and non-human wellbeing. This approach reflects a broader transition from repairing fragmented landscape elements to regenerating integrated social–ecological systems.

尽管人们呼吁采用更综合的生态系统恢复方法，但许多恢复项目仍然专注于捕捉孤立的生态或社会系统维度的简单指标。为了实现生态系统恢复产生众多理想的社会生态结果的潜力，我们认为需要改变思维方式，从植树转向再生人与自然系统。从杠杆点的角度来看，我们建议改变支撑恢复的范式，可以将操作方式从“自然为人”的工具视角转变为“人与自然”的关系视角。以下是转型变革的三个相互作用的杠杆领域，我们以卢旺达西部的案例研究为例，说明恢复如何作为一个关键的切入点，在退化的景观中重新连接人与自然，重新构建自然资源管理中考虑的时间尺度，并重新思考在这种情况下不同类型知识的使用。将这三个领域结合起来进行基于地点的恢复工作，可以为植根于真正的社会-生态关系的生态系统恢复提供新的途径。反过来，这可能会触发恢复景观中的再生动力——即，支持人类和非人类福祉的相互加强的动力。这种方法反映了一个更广泛的转变，从修复破碎的景观元素到再生综合的社会生态系统。

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引用次数: 0

Government-led resettlement schemes and land based investments have altered land systems 政府主导的重新安置计划和基于土地的投资改变了土地制度

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101152

Kenasa Degefa Alemu , Zerihun Kebebew , Teferi Tolera , Dessalegn Obsi Gemeda

Land use land cover (LULC) changes significantly modify the natural environment if not well managed. This study aimed to quantify four decades (1984 to 2024) of LULC change in the resettlement areas of the Kellem Wollega Zone using geospatial technologies. Landsat imagery from 1984, 1994, 2004, 2014, and 2024, derived from Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 7 ETM+, Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS, and Landsat 9 OLI/TIRS-2 were downloaded for LULC change assessment. Results show that cultivated land increased from 782.35 km² to 1075.45 km², with an increment of 293.10 km². Similarly, the built-up areas experienced an increasing trend from 14.53 km² to 49.62 km², gaining 35.09 km². In contrast, shrubland and grazing land declined from 482.54 km² to 371.86 km² and from 417.35 km² to 311.47 km², with net loss of 110.68 km² and 105.88 km², respectively. Similarly, forest cover and bare land decreased by 86.70 km² and 24.93 km², respectively. These changes reflect increasing pressure on land resources due to population growth and resettlement. Results show that cultivated land and built-up areas are experiencing a significant increasing trend, while forest, shrub land, grazing land, and bare land are experiencing a declining trend. The study recommends effective land use planning that promotes sustainable agriculture while ensuring environmental resilience.

如果管理不善，土地利用和土地覆盖的变化会显著改变自然环境。本研究旨在利用地理空间技术量化凯勒姆沃勒加区安置区40年（1984 - 2024年）的土地利用价值变化。下载了1984年、1994年、2004年、2014年和2024年Landsat 5 TM、Landsat 7 ETM+、Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS和Landsat 9 OLI/TIRS-2的Landsat影像，用于LULC变化评估。结果表明：耕地面积从782.35 km²增加到1075.45 km²，增加293.10 km²；同样，建成区从14.53 km²增加到49.62 km²，增加了35.09 km²。相比之下，灌丛地和放牧地从482.54 km²减少到371.86 km²，从417.35 km²减少到311.47 km²，净损失分别为110.68 km²和105.88 km²。森林覆盖面积和裸地面积也分别减少了86.70 km²和24.93 km²。这些变化反映了由于人口增长和重新安置对土地资源的压力越来越大。结果表明：耕地和建成区面积呈显著增加趋势，林地、灌丛地、放牧地和裸地呈减少趋势；该研究建议进行有效的土地利用规划，以促进可持续农业，同时确保环境恢复能力。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamics of forest vegetation in East Asia over the past 40 years and its response to hydrothermal conditions 近40年来东亚森林植被动态及其对热液条件的响应

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101138

Yuqi Liang , Kebiao Mao , Zijin Yuan , Jiancheng Shi

East Asian forest vegetation, central to regional ecosystems, is highly sensitive to climate change and varies with hydrothermal conditions. Based on NDVI and hydro-thermal variables (surface temperature, near-surface temperature, soil moisture, precipitation, and atmospheric water vapor) from 1982 to 2022, this study developed an integrated analytical framework that combines Seasonal-Trend decomposition using Loess(STL) for trend and seasonality extraction, Pruned Exact Linear Time(PELT) for detecting structural breakpoints, a partition-optimized geographical detector model for driver diagnosis and interaction detection, and a Convolutional Neural Network combined with Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (CNN-BiLSTM) model for future prediction. Results show that East Asian forest greenness increased at an average rate of 0.16 % per year, with acceleration after 2010 and the fastest growth in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and South China, whereas South Korea has exhibited degradation since 2017. Near-surface temperature emerged as the dominant driver, with its interactions with precipitation and soil moisture exerting the strongest influence on seasonal vegetation patterns. The CNN-BiLSTM model forecasts a continued greening, with an expected increase of 0.012 NDVI units by 2027. By integrating these complementary methods, this study clarifies the complex hydrothermal mechanisms driving forest vegetation dynamics and provides scientific support for regional ecological conservation and climate adaptation.

东亚森林植被是区域生态系统的核心，对气候变化高度敏感，并随热液条件的变化而变化。基于1982 - 2022年的NDVI和水热变量（地表温度、近地表温度、土壤湿度、降水和大气水蒸气），本研究开发了一个综合分析框架，该框架结合了利用黄土（STL）进行趋势和季节性提取的季节趋势分解（STL），用于检测结构断点的精确线性时间（PELT），用于驾驶员诊断和相互作用检测的分区优化地理检测器模型，卷积神经网络结合双向长短期记忆（CNN-BiLSTM）模型进行未来预测。结果表明，东亚森林绿度以平均每年0.16%的速度增长，2010年后增长速度加快，云黔高原和华南地区增长最快，而韩国自2017年以来出现退化。近地表温度是主要的驱动因素，其与降水和土壤湿度的相互作用对季节植被格局的影响最大。CNN-BiLSTM模型预测了持续的绿化，预计到2027年将增加0.012个NDVI单位。通过整合这些互补的方法，本研究阐明了森林植被动态的复杂热液机制，为区域生态保护和气候适应提供科学支持。

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引用次数: 0

Decarbonization through wood-based building material substitution in mountain territories 在山区通过替代木质建筑材料实现脱碳

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101140

Sebastian Brocco , Donato Morresi , Roberta Berretti , Matteo Garbarino , Renzo Motta , Giorgio Vacchiano

Forests are vital for mountain regions, offering both ecological and economic benefits. Using timber in construction can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by replacing high-emission materials like concrete and steel, though the long-term impact of this substitution – especially amid broader economic decarbonization – remains uncertain. We analyzed how replacing mineral-framed with locally sourced timber-framed homes in Valle Camonica and Valtellina (Italian Alps) could impact emissions between 2025 and 2050, assuming sustainable forest management and harvest practices. We integrated data from satellite imagery, local forest management plans, and life-cycle assessments relative to (i) the buildings that will be constructed in the study area (ii) the potential of timber produced by forests in the study area. In calculating avoided emissions, we included the expected decarbonization pathways of industrial production up to 2050, revealing that timber substitution is most effective in the short term. In case of decarbonization, the avoided emissions related to mineral-timber substitution will decrease from 121 to 15.6 kg CO_2eq m⁻². In the study area, this will be associated with 25.4∙10⁶ kg of CO_2eq avoided, while the sustainable production from forests available for wood supply in the study area would result in 7∙10⁸ kg of avoided CO_2eq. This study demonstrates that the mitigation potential of timber declines as mineral material production becomes cleaner, but also that timber-framed houses offer an effective solution to reduce emissions during the construction phase. This study provides the first quantification of these time-sensitive trade-offs for Alpine forests, underscoring their role in supporting low-carbon construction during the transition.

森林对山区至关重要，既能带来生态效益，又能带来经济效益。在建筑中使用木材可以通过替代混凝土和钢铁等高排放材料来减少温室气体排放，尽管这种替代的长期影响——特别是在更广泛的经济脱碳中——仍然不确定。我们分析了在假定可持续森林管理和采伐实践的情况下，在Valle Camonica和Valtellina（意大利阿尔卑斯山脉）用当地采购的木结构房屋取代矿物框架房屋对2025年至2050年间排放的影响。我们综合了来自卫星图像、当地森林管理计划和生命周期评估的数据，这些评估与(i)将在研究区域建造的建筑物（ii）研究区域森林生产木材的潜力有关。在计算避免排放时，我们纳入了到2050年工业生产的预期脱碳途径，表明木材替代在短期内是最有效的。在脱碳的情况下，与矿物木材替代相关的避免排放将从121 kg CO2eq m−2减少到15.6 kg CO2eq m−2。在研究地区，这将与避免25.4∙106千克二氧化碳当量有关，而研究地区可用于木材供应的森林的可持续生产将导致避免7∙108千克二氧化碳当量。这项研究表明，随着矿物材料生产变得更加清洁，木材的减排潜力下降，但木结构房屋也提供了在施工阶段减少排放的有效解决方案。这项研究首次量化了高山森林的这些时间敏感性权衡，强调了它们在过渡期间支持低碳建设的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Forest degradation and its economic and employment consequences: Evidence from Indonesia 森林退化及其经济和就业后果：来自印度尼西亚的证据

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101147

Eny Sulistyaningrum , Prayudi Ibrahim Nasution

This study aims to analyse the current development of the Forestry Sector regarding the impact of forest degradation in Indonesia on Gross Domestic Product (GDP), income, and employment, and also the consequences on the relationship between employment status and the welfare of forestry sector workers. The main findings show that forest degradation at around IDR 683 billion leads to an estimated loss of IDR 882 billion in GDP, reduction of IDR 261 billion in income, and the loss of approximately 4735 workforce in 2022. On the micro level, the study finds that informal workers are less likely to have access to financial services and are more likely to experience food insecurity, but it is not show a statistically significant access to healthcare.

本研究旨在分析印度尼西亚森林退化对国内生产总值（GDP）、收入和就业的影响，以及对林业部门工人的就业状况和福利之间关系的影响，林业部门目前的发展。主要研究结果显示，到2022年，森林退化将导致约6830亿印尼盾的国内生产总值损失8820亿印尼盾，收入减少2610亿印尼盾，并损失约4735名劳动力。在微观层面上，研究发现，非正规工人获得金融服务的可能性较小，更有可能经历粮食不安全，但在获得医疗保健方面却没有统计学上的显著差异。

引用次数: 0

Valuing ecosystem services in Sudan: a participatory study of the Okalma reserved forest 评价苏丹的生态系统服务：对Okalma保留林的参与性研究

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101139

Fatima Salaheldin Mohamad Ali , Ahmed A.H. Siddig , Jan Henning Sommer , Christian Borgemeister , Lisa Biber-Freudenberger

Gum arabic forests in Sudan are significant and biodiverse habitats, providing various ecosystem services (ES) that support both rural livelihoods and the national economy. However, effectively protecting and managing these forests is challenging, as the government's primary objective of producing gum for export often conflicts with local communities' reliance on forests for other ES. In this study, we explored the valuation of ES in the Okalma Reserved Forest using a participatory approach.

We surveyed 150 households in two villages bordering the Okalma buffer zone at varying distances from the forest. Participants valued 12 different forest ES based on their perceived contribution to livelihoods, using a scale from zero to five. We employed descriptive statistics, feature selection, and Generalized Linear Models (GLM) to analyze the data and explore the impact of socioeconomic factors on ES valuation by community members.

Our results indicate that regulating ES received the highest values, followed by provisioning and cultural ES. Despite its national economic importance, gum arabic was assigned a lower local value than other ES, highlighting a conflict between state and community priorities. However, people with forest-based livelihoods, diversified livelihoods, and those in distant villages assigned the highest value to gum arabic.

For other ES, we observed distinct patterns: households with forest-based livelihoods and those relying on motorbikes or traditional carts for access assigned higher-than-average values to combined and provisioning services. Regulating ES were highly valued by individuals with a single livelihood source, and even more so by those with diversified livelihoods. For cultural ES, respondents with forest-based livelihoods and any formal education showed significantly higher valuation than those with no education. Finally, men valued tangible ES significantly less than women, a pattern that was particularly clear for wood ES.

Collectively, these findings demonstrate that ES valuation depends on the specific ES type, forest users’ characteristics, and forest governance context. Moreover, they provide empirical insights for global commodity–oriented forest management in Sudan and Africa, highlighting the need to balance export-driven production with local livelihoods and biodiversity conservation and restoration.

苏丹的阿拉伯胶林是重要的生物多样性栖息地，提供各种生态系统服务，支持农村生计和国民经济。然而，有效地保护和管理这些森林是具有挑战性的，因为政府的主要目标是生产出口口香糖，这往往与当地社区依赖森林生产其他经济效益相冲突。在本研究中，我们采用参与式方法探讨了奥卡玛保护区生态系统的价值评估。我们调查了奥卡玛缓冲区附近两个村庄的150户家庭，他们距离森林的距离不同。参与者根据对生计的贡献对12种不同的森林生态系统进行了评估，评分范围从0到5。我们采用描述性统计、特征选择和广义线性模型（GLM）对数据进行分析，探讨社会经济因素对社区成员ES评价的影响。我们的研究结果表明，调节ES的值最高，其次是供给ES和培养ES。尽管阿拉伯胶具有国家经济重要性，但其在当地的价值却低于其他ES，这凸显了国家和社区优先事项之间的冲突。然而，以森林为基础的生计、多样化的生计和偏远村庄的人认为阿拉伯胶的价值最高。对于其他可持续能源，我们观察到不同的模式：以森林为生计的家庭和依赖摩托车或传统手推车的家庭对综合和供应服务的分配值高于平均水平。单一生计来源的个人高度重视规范ES，而多样化生计来源的个人更是如此。对于文化ES，以森林为生计和受过正规教育的受访者的价值明显高于没有受过教育的受访者。最后，男性对有形ES的重视程度明显低于女性，这一模式在木质ES中尤为明显。总的来说，这些发现表明，生态系统的价值取决于具体的生态系统类型、森林用户的特征和森林治理背景。此外，它们为苏丹和非洲面向商品的全球森林管理提供了经验见解，突出了平衡出口驱动型生产与当地生计和生物多样性保护和恢复的必要性。

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