Trees, Forests and People最新文献

{"title":"Forest tree breeding under the global environmental change: Challenges and opportunities","authors":"Chenglin Li ,&nbsp;Baochen Li ,&nbsp;Wenxuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Jiebei Jiang ,&nbsp;Jieshi Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forests are essential for global ecological, economic, and social stability; however, they are increasingly threatened by global environmental changes. Traditional breeding methods like marker-assisted and genomic selections have long been used in forest tree improvement to address these challenges. However, the long generation times and complex genetics of forest trees limit their effectiveness. Molecular genetic breeding of forest trees has emerged as a transformative strategy to enhance resilience and adaptability. Gene-editing technology advances, such as CRISPR-Cas9, have enabled precise genetic modifications to improve traits such as drought tolerance, pest resistance, and growth rates. Additionally, innovative techniques, such as gene and cell engineering, are being explored to increase genetic diversity and enhance tree performance under changing environmental conditions. However, challenges, such as regulatory concerns, scalability, and trait stability, remain. We examined the current state of the molecular genetic breeding of forest trees, highlighting their unique roles in addressing specific challenges. We evaluated the advantages and limitations of traditional and innovative approaches, emphasizing the need for their integration to develop tree varieties capable of thriving under global environmental change. These efforts are vital for sustainable forest management, biodiversity conservation, and carbon sequestration enhancement, ultimately contributing to forest ecosystems' long-term health and stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100867"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling meteorological drivers of leaf phenology in the Western Ghats, India","authors":"Karun Jose ,&nbsp;Nasla Najeeb ,&nbsp;Aritra Bandopadhyay ,&nbsp;Chandra Prakash Singh ,&nbsp;Rajiv Kumar Chaturvedi","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phenology, the study of periodic biological events in relation to biotic and abiotic factors, is a critical indicator of ecosystem dynamics, influencing carbon cycling, vegetation productivity, and ecosystem responses to climate change. The current study investigates phenological dynamics and net primary productivity (NPP) trends across tropical forests in the Central Western Ghats, India, emphasizing the role of climatic factors such as temperature, relative humidity, soil moisture, precipitation, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Using satellite-derived MODIS NDVI data and near-surface remote sensing data from PhenoCam, the study shows a significant delay in leaf flushing (7 days/decade) and advancement of leaf fall (13 days/decade) in tropical semi-evergreen forests, which experience a shortened length of seasons by 17 days/ decade. However, the dry deciduous and thorn forests show an increasing season length of 7 days/decade. The climatic variables, such as minimum temperature and relative humidity, drive leaf flushing, while maximum temperature and PAR control leaf senescence in these forest types during a short period of preseason length. The study also shows a closer alignment between MODIS and PhenoCam-derived phenological metrics for the tropical semi-evergreen forests. A declining NPP trend is observed in semi-evergreen and moist deciduous forests (−4.0 × 10⁻³ kg C/m². year), contrasting with increases in dry deciduous and thorn forests, with annual temperature significantly controlling NPP trends (r ∼ -0.6, <em>p</em> = 0.001). Additionally, soil moisture shows a positive correlation with NPP in dry forest areas. This is the first comprehensive study from the Central Western Ghats that integrates satellite and near-surface phenological observations with a wide range of climatic variables to examine forest phenology and productivity. The findings offer novel insights into the climate sensitivity of tropical forest ecosystems and provide a valuable scientific basis for climate-resilient forest conservation and management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100861"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dormant season submergence as a predictor of forest seedling survival in a connected floodplain","authors":"John E. Tracy ,&nbsp;Ajay Sharma ,&nbsp;Stephanie Bohlman ,&nbsp;Love Kumar ,&nbsp;Daniel J. Johnson","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100858","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100858","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydroperiod predicts forest species composition within floodplains, which influences productivity of connected ecosystems and supports people through critical ecosystem services. Therefore, understanding tree species responses to changes in hydroperiod is critical for maintaining these systems. Trees are most vulnerable to stressors during their seedling stage, and the seasonality of floods can influence their response. Many species are considered tolerant of dormant season floods, but some experience reduced productivity and survival, which can influence competition and species composition. In lower elevation swamps of the Apalachicola River floodplain (Florida, USA), anthropogenically altered hydroperiod may predict observed species composition shifts from more flood-tolerant species, such as water tupelo (<em>Nyssa aquatica</em>) and pop ash (<em>Fraxinus caroliniana</em>) to less flood-tolerant competitors, such as water hickory (<em>Carya aquatica</em>) and overcup oak (<em>Quercus lyrata</em>). In a controlled experiment, we tested the hypothesis that dormant season seedling submergence affects survival and leaf flushing rates of these species differently and that shorter durations of seedling submergence allow increased survival of the less flood tolerant species, potentially increasing competition in floodplain swamps. We observed no differences in survival or rates of leaf flush among species after all treatment durations ranging between one and four months. Seven-month-old seedlings of these common competitors are similarly tolerant of dormant season flood events, when the Apalachicola floodplain is connected, and water conditions are aerobic. High water events are poor predictors of survival for established seedlings, but further investigations of tolerance to aerobic and hypoxic conditions by younger seedlings may reveal differing species adaptations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100858"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a special self-adaptive auxetic structure for protecting tree trunks from external damage","authors":"Dejan Tomažinčič,&nbsp;Jernej Klemenc","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100860","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this research is to present the development of an innovative tree protection structure. With the increasing population of wild animals, the number of tree trunk damages is rising. Similarly, frequent damages occur during intensive forestry operations and timber harvesting, where bark abrasions and direct mechanical injuries are common. For this purpose, a wire wrapping structure was developed, which allows for easy direct installation around the tree trunk. Numerical simulations were used in the design and optimisation of the protective net. An important innovation is the introduction of an auxetic structure, which allows for spatial expansion that is synchronous with the natural process of tree growth. Such structure also stretches along two axes as the trunk thickens, which is the exact opposite of how conventional materials behave. Due to the use of a steel-wire base, the structure is sturdy and durable with a good protective effect. On the other hand, the cellular pattern results in spring properties, which contribute to a moderate and constant surface pressure on the tree bark. The protective structure was experimentally manufactured and tested on an affected conifer tree Abies alba. Over a period of three years, it contributed to the stable recovery process of the tree's damaged bark and prevented further damage attempts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100860"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dispersal mode mediates the seed functional traits of woody plants’ responses to urbanization in remnant forest patches","authors":"Minglu Guo ,&nbsp;Zijin Wang ,&nbsp;Yanjun Zheng ,&nbsp;Ying Pan ,&nbsp;Jingyi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban remnant forests are essential for biodiversity conservation within city landscapes, facing direct impacts from urbanization and indirect changes from surrounding land use alterations that affect seed dispersal and plant diversity. This study focuses on the impacts of urbanization on woody plants in Guiyang, China, emphasizing seed functional traits to understand plant adaptive strategies and support urban biodiversity conservation. We surveyed woody plants across 120 plots in 15 remnant forest patches, examining five seed traits and their modes of dispersal. Results reveal that shrubs in such forests possess smaller seeds and lower yields, with a preponderance of seeds dispersed by birds rather than by wind or over short distances, unlike tree communities. Urbanization notably diminishes important seed traits like mass and length in trees, particularly for species with limited dispersal reach, while bird-dispersed species see an increase in quantity of seed but a reduction in seed mass. Meanwhile, seed yield rate in tree communities increased, but decreased in shrub communities. Structural equation modeling indicated that urbanization influences on seed traits are mediated by dispersal mechanisms and edge effects in trees, but only dispersal mechanisms in shrubs. The study concludes that the dispersal mode significantly mediates how seed functional traits of woody plants respond to urbanization in these forest remnants. Urban planning should therefore prioritize enhancing green corridors to facilitate natural seed dispersal and boost animal diversity, which could improve dispersal outcomes and contribute to maintaining and restoring plant diversity in urban forests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100859"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of farm households’ participation in collective forest management: The case of Chilimo Gaji Forest, central highlands of Ethiopia","authors":"Mahilet Yewendwesen ,&nbsp;Fekadu Beyene ,&nbsp;Jema Haji ,&nbsp;Muluken Gezahegn","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Collective Forest Management (CFM) is essential for enhancing forest management effectiveness and ensuring equitable sharing of the benefits and services derived from forest resources among the farm households. Acknowledging this importance of forests for rural livelihoods and the national economy, the study indicates that participation is often inconsistent and suboptimal, raising concerns about sustainability and management effectiveness. This research examines the determinant factors that affect the farm households participation in CFM in the chilimo gaji forest, analyzing cross-sectional data from 365 randomly selected households. A double-hurdle model was employed for data analysis. The result demonstrate how demographic, socio-economic, institutional and biophysical factors impact both the decision to participate and the level of participation among farm households. Overall, the findings reveal that education, membership duration, access to training, access to forest resource, access to extension services, and perceptions of economic incentives are positively and significantly affect the participation decision and level of participation in CFM. The study shows disparities among farm households in participation levels, which can lead to unequal access to forest resource. Therefore, the study recommends that policymakers enhance households’ participation in CFM by improving training and capacity-building programs to overcome barriers to engagement, as well as implementing economic incentives and support mechanisms is crucial to motivate households to participate in CFM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100855"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and application of the 3-PGCj model for predicting stand growth of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) plantations","authors":"Hung-En Li ,&nbsp;Ching-Chu Tsai ,&nbsp;Kai-Chih Yin ,&nbsp;Yen-Jen Lai ,&nbsp;Su-Ting Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Japanese cedar (<em>Cryptomeria japonica</em>), widely planted for its high-quality timber, lacks reliable growth models for long-term forest management under climate change. This study develops the 3-PG_Cj model, an extension of the 3-PG framework, to predict <em>C. japonica</em> plantation growth. The model improves upon the original 3-PG by incorporating density-dependent mortality, canopy development, and site-specific fertility ratings (<em>FR</em>). It uses climate data to simulate growth, estimate biomass allocation through allometric equations, assess mortality via zero-inflated Poisson modeling, and simulate canopy dynamics. Parameterization was based on long-term data from 23 <em>C. japonica</em> sites (ages 69–107 years), supplemented by literature and a plant trait database. The 3-PG_Cj model performed well, with RMSE and MAPE values of 203 st ha^-1 (21.1%) for stand density and 2.6 cm (8.2%) for quadratic mean diameter at breast height (<em>qDBH</em>), and high R² values (0.95 for <em>qDBH</em> and 0.94 for stand density). The results revealed higher planting densities led to earlier attainment of the maximum mean annual increment and current annual increment, key for optimizing management decisions like thinning and rotation ages. However, environmental and climatic conditions can cause variation in optimal timings across plantation areas. Calibration of <em>FR</em> improved model accuracy, demonstrating the influence of site conditions and climatic factors on stand growth, with higher <em>FR</em> values observed at higher elevations and frequent fog. This study highlights the potential of hybrid models to deepen understanding of forest dynamics under climate variability and provide valuable insights for sustainable forest management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100856"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomass estimation and relationships with taxonomic diversity and functional trait: insights from exclosure areas in the north-eastern Ethiopian highlands","authors":"Wubetie Adnew ,&nbsp;Getahun Yemata ,&nbsp;Eyayu Molla ,&nbsp;Meseret Muche ,&nbsp;A.Muthama Muasya","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is paucity of empirical evidences regarding carbon balance and quantifications in tropical forest ecosystems. Yet precise estimation of biomass and forest carbon stock is crucial for carbon budget accounting and monitoring. Here, we estimated the biomass of woody species using forest inventory data from 185 plots with different forest exclosure ages and evaluated relationships with taxonomic diversity and community weight mean (CWM). We used a generalized linear mixed-effects model (GLMMs) to examine changes in biomass contents across forest exclosure ages. Besides, structural equation model (SEM) was employed to assess the direct and indirect impacts of taxonomic diversity and functional trait on AGB. Our findings indicated that woody species AGB, belowground biomass (BGB), and total carbon stock (TCS) increased significantly (p &lt; 0.001) with increasing forest exclosure ages. However, a decreasing trend AGB was observed over twenty years of exclosure. The structural equation models (SEMs) revealed that community weight mean (CWM) (β = 0.07 to 0.28) and Shannon diversity (β = 0.01 to 0.32) positively related to aboveground biomass across all study forest exclosure sites, whereas CWM (β = -0.28) had a significant negative effect on AGB in the open woodland area. The study found that species richness did not (β = −0.21 to −0.41) direct effect on aboveground biomass (AGB). However, the impact of richness on aboveground biomass was mediated through the species diversity. The overall SEM model also showed that AGB had positive link with diversity and forest exclosure ages, but a negative correlation with species richness (β = -0.02) and CWM (β = -0.12). Our results elucidated the importance of varying forest exclosure ages on biomass accumulation and carbon-biodiversity relationships, which are important for identifying essential species and carbon stock for conservation under climate change scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100850"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons from a participatory forest restoration program on socio-ecological and environmental aspects in Nepal","authors":"Hari Prasad Pandey ,&nbsp;Tek Narayan Maraseni ,&nbsp;Armando Apan ,&nbsp;Shila Pokhrel ,&nbsp;Han Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100854","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forest and landscape restoration (FLR) is a key strategy for reviving degraded ecosystems, yet field-level evidence remains limited. Despite being part of over 30 international environmental agreements, Nepal's forest degradation rate exceeded 1.5 % annually. To combat this, donor-supported restoration efforts are ongoing, among others. This study evaluated a donor-backed, community-led restoration initiative within Nepal's Terai Arc Landscape in the Churia Hills of Phulbari, Dang District. Using remote sensing and GIS, we analyzed land cover changes from 1990 to 2020 across 25 community forests (5034 ha) managed by 5061 households. Ground-level biophysical variables were compared between non-intervention areas (NIA), fenced, and planted (FAP) areas, and fenced, planted, and pothole (FPP) areas employing a random sampling technique (<em>n</em> = 30). Local communities (<em>n</em> = 40) were consulted, and field observations (<em>n</em> &gt; 6) were conducted over multiple seasons and years. Results showed an 8.6 % increase in forest cover over three decades, with a 26.1 % rise in restoration experiment sites (FAP and FPP) from 2015 to 2020. FPP sites, with soil-water retention strategies, significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) outperformed NIA and FAP sites, proving effective in reclaiming denuded slopes and conserving water in the face of climate change. While donor-funded projects initiated these activities, their long-term sustainability is uncertain. Locals fear that restoration gains may be lost once funding ends. Restoration efforts must be integrated into government annual budgets and plans to ensure lasting success, with community involvement to promote shared responsibility and ownership. We propose a tripartite FLR model, assigning roles to governments, communities, and other stakeholders for Nepal and similar regions. Our findings provide valuable insights for sustainable planning, especially for restoring degraded landscapes such as dry, denuded slopes, areas affected by anthropogenic disturbances, or combinations, pathways toward achieving sustainable development goals and beyond.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100854"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificially induced drought stress affects seasonal foliar litterfall, nutrient contents, and nutrient masses in mature European beech (Fagus sylvatica [L.]) and Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.)","authors":"Matthias Ulbricht ,&nbsp;Peter Biber ,&nbsp;Thomas Rötzer ,&nbsp;Enno Uhl ,&nbsp;Karin Pritsch ,&nbsp;Bernhard Michalke ,&nbsp;Hans Pretzsch","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examined the effects of drought-induced stress on foliar litter production, nutrient contents, and nutrient masses in mature European beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica</em> [L.]) and Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies</em> [L.] Karst.) over a two-year period (October 2015–September 2017) in southern Bavaria. A rainfall exclusion experiment was conducted with six control plots receiving normal rainfall and six roof plots excluding rainfall. Abscised leaf and needle biomass, as well as the contents and masses of calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P), were monitored across two non-vegetation periods (October–February: NV1, NV2) and two vegetation periods (March–September: V1, V2).</div><div>Foliar litter on control plots (set at 100 %) was 4000, 329, 4501, 403 kg/ha for European beech and 3534, 1146, 1352, 607 kg/ha for Norway spruce across the four observation periods (NV1, V1, NV2, V2). Roof plots yielded 2917 (73 %), 364 (111 %), 3710 (82 %), 358 (89 %) kg/ha for European beech and 5841 (165 %), 1040 (91 %), 899 (67 %), 447 (74 %) kg/ha for Norway spruce. Significant differences between control and roof plots were observed only during NV1.</div><div>Foliar K contents were significantly lower under drought in both species. For European beech, values were 2.83, 3.83, 2.76, 4.37 g/kg (control plots), compared to 2.38 (84 %), 3.08 (80 %), 2.30 (83 %), 4.01 (92 %) g/kg (roof plots). For Norway spruce, values were 2.64, 2.77, 2.51, 2.13 g/kg (control plots), compared to 2.26 (86 %), 2.33 (84 %), 2.01 (80 %), 1.66 (78 %) g/kg (roof plots). Drought also significantly decreased foliar Ca content in Norway spruce during NV2, from 8.61 to 7.04 g/kg (82 %).</div><div>Foliar nutrient masses aligned more closely with biomass abscission patterns than with nutrient translocation patterns. European beech predominantly exhibited significantly reduced abscised nutrient masses under drought during NV1 and NV2, while Norway spruce initially showed significantly increased abscised nutrient masses in NV1, followed by a marked decline in subsequent seasons.</div><div>We concluded that European beech responded to drought stress by reducing foliage biomass production, suggesting a potential acclimation strategy, whereas Norway spruce mitigated water loss through transpiration by shedding its needles. However, Norway spruce failed to compensate for the initial high needle losses by regenerating sufficient new needles, indicating its lower resilience to drought.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100851"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}