Advancing occupational and system safety in Industry 5.0: Effective HAZID, risk analysis frameworks, and human-AI interaction management

Abstract

As Industry 5.0 evolves, this study addresses critical aspects of system and occupational safety through hazard identification (HAZID), risk analysis, and the interaction between humans and artificial intelligence (HI and AI). This review investigates existing literature to answer three key research questions: (1) How is HAZID conducted to meet the safety demands of Industry 5.0? (2) What constitutes an effective risk analysis framework for this era? (3) How can conflicts between HI and AI be managed to enhance system reliability? The findings demonstrate that AI-driven approaches significantly improve HAZID processes and underscore the necessity of tailored risk analysis frameworks for effective safety management. Additionally, strategies to mitigate HI-AI conflicts are discussed, highlighting the importance of policies that foster decision-making and reliability in human-AI collaboration. The study concludes with practical recommendations for advancing safety management in complex socio-technical systems within Industry 5.0.