Pub Date : 2025-03-17DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106857
Emilie M. Rudolf, Asta Kjærgaard, Julie Palmqvist, Mikala E. Jakobsen, Jeppe Z.N. Ajslev
In this article, we have answered the question of how a dialogue-based inspection practice affects enterprises’ motivation to improve their occupational safety and health. The question has been answered through a qualitative interview-based examination of ATP – a dialogue-based inspection practice that was implemented by the Danish WEA in 2020. 58 interviews were conducted with people from 20 different enterprises who have participated in an ATP. Through application of a realist evaluation approach and Self-Determination Theory an analysis was conducted to examine, which mechanisms motivate enterprises to improve their occupational safety and health. The study concludes that internally motivating and externally motivating mechanisms often co-exist to prompt enterprises to improve their occupational safety and health. As such, it may be fruitful for labor inspection authorities to consider both types of motivation in the development of new labor inspection strategies.
{"title":"Improving occupational safety and health motivation through a dialogue-based inspection practice","authors":"Emilie M. Rudolf, Asta Kjærgaard, Julie Palmqvist, Mikala E. Jakobsen, Jeppe Z.N. Ajslev","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this article, we have answered the question of how a dialogue-based inspection practice affects enterprises’ motivation to improve their occupational safety and health. The question has been answered through a qualitative interview-based examination of ATP – a dialogue-based inspection practice that was implemented by the Danish WEA in 2020. 58 interviews were conducted with people from 20 different enterprises who have participated in an ATP. Through application of a realist evaluation approach and Self-Determination Theory an analysis was conducted to examine, which mechanisms motivate enterprises to improve their occupational safety and health. The study concludes that internally motivating and externally motivating mechanisms often co-exist to prompt enterprises to improve their occupational safety and health. As such, it may be fruitful for labor inspection authorities to consider both types of motivation in the development of new labor inspection strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106857"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106858
Shan Gao, Yu Bai, Ruiyuan Hong, Lei Wang
Appropriate hierarchical rank and role assignment contribute to an optimal crew configuration in the cockpit. However, the impact of hierarchy on crew performance and flight safety, particularly when cooperating with a ‘risky’ captain under varying role assignments, remains underexplored. This study, under the social facilitation framework, examined how hierarchy and pilot role influence initial pilots’ behavioral and psychophysiological responses during flight-simulation experiments with 57 participants in a full-flight simulator. An experienced, pre-trained ‘risky’ captain collaborated with them during low-visibility approaches under varying crew configurations (single vs. dual) and role assignments (pilot flying vs. pilot monitoring). The results revealed that initial pilots not only followed the captain’s risky decisions but also continued landing without visual references in single-crew configurations, likely to demonstrate their competence. Pilot flying was associated with higher mental workload, while pilot monitoring resulted in increased stress and strong regulation. These findings support the social facilitation in hierarchical teams, offering insights into optimal crew configurations and providing a foundation for training protocols to enhance flight safety, especially for less experienced first officers.
{"title":"Behavioral and psychophysiological responses of initial pilots in collaboration with an experienced but risky captain: A flight-simulation study based on the social facilitation","authors":"Shan Gao, Yu Bai, Ruiyuan Hong, Lei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106858","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106858","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Appropriate hierarchical rank and role assignment contribute to an optimal crew configuration in the cockpit. However, the impact of hierarchy on crew performance and flight safety, particularly when cooperating with a ‘<em>risky</em>’ captain under varying role assignments, remains underexplored. This study, under the social facilitation framework, examined how hierarchy and pilot role influence initial pilots’ behavioral and psychophysiological responses during flight-simulation experiments with 57 participants in a full-flight simulator. An experienced, pre-trained ‘<em>risky</em>’ captain collaborated with them during low-visibility approaches under varying crew configurations (<em>single</em> vs. <em>dual</em>) and role assignments (<em>pilot flying</em> vs. <em>pilot monitoring</em>). The results revealed that initial pilots not only followed the captain’s risky decisions but also continued landing without visual references in single-crew configurations, likely to demonstrate their competence. Pilot flying was associated with higher mental workload, while pilot monitoring resulted in increased stress and strong regulation. These findings support the social facilitation in hierarchical teams, offering insights into optimal crew configurations and providing a foundation for training protocols to enhance flight safety, especially for less experienced first officers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106858"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106840
Jiguang Shi , Ning Ding , Hao Wang , Yang Wang
During building evacuations, evacuees often tend to enter areas with smoke and flames, which contradicts established safety principles for evacuation. This paper investigates how individuals with different risk preferences process evacuation information and make route choices. 72 participants were categorized into two groups based on a risk preference questionnaire: one-third were identified as Risk Seeking Group (RSG) and the rest as Risk Averse Group (RAG). Subsequently, eye-tracking technology and immersive virtual reality (IVR) were employed to analyze the variations in behavior between these groups. The findings show that: (1) RAG exhibited a general attention bias toward risk-related information; (2) Significant differences were observed in route choice among RAG based on varying cognitive approaches; (3) While all participants acknowledged the importance of safety factors, approximately 40% behaviorally chose routes involving flames; (4) RSG prioritizes evacuation distance and evacuation efficiency in the evacuation process, achieving an average evacuation time that was 23.85% faster than that of RAG. Conversely, RAG displayed a tendency to avoid harm, even at the cost of evacuation efficiency. This paper deconstructs complex evacuation behaviors from a psychological perspective, providing a more comprehensive understanding of route choices among evacuees with different risk preferences. It serves as a reference for optimizing evacuation strategies and designing building safety features with consideration of psychological factors.
{"title":"How risk preference affects evacuees’ route choice in buildings: An IVR-based experimental study","authors":"Jiguang Shi , Ning Ding , Hao Wang , Yang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During building evacuations, evacuees often tend to enter areas with smoke and flames, which contradicts established safety principles for evacuation. This paper investigates how individuals with different risk preferences process evacuation information and make route choices. 72 participants were categorized into two groups based on a risk preference questionnaire: one-third were identified as Risk Seeking Group (RSG) and the rest as Risk Averse Group (RAG). Subsequently, eye-tracking technology and immersive virtual reality (IVR) were employed to analyze the variations in behavior between these groups. The findings show that: (1) RAG exhibited a general attention bias toward risk-related information; (2) Significant differences were observed in route choice among RAG based on varying cognitive approaches; (3) While all participants acknowledged the importance of safety factors, approximately 40% behaviorally chose routes involving flames; (4) RSG prioritizes evacuation distance and evacuation efficiency in the evacuation process, achieving an average evacuation time that was 23.85% faster than that of RAG. Conversely, RAG displayed a tendency to avoid harm, even at the cost of evacuation efficiency. This paper deconstructs complex evacuation behaviors from a psychological perspective, providing a more comprehensive understanding of route choices among evacuees with different risk preferences. It serves as a reference for optimizing evacuation strategies and designing building safety features with consideration of psychological factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106840"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106853
Mian Yan , Chi Deng , Jiarong Gao , Hailiang Wang
This study introduces the development method of a VR-based hazard identification and safety training system by applying the digital factory concept. A total of 55 participants with engineering management background knowledge and/or working experience were enrolled in the study. They were instructed to conduct a behavior-based safety (BBS) experiment by completing a series of tasks in a VR-based digital factory environment. A mixed-method analysis was performed to examine the perceived usability and acceptance of the system among participants. Our results revealed that 11 potential environmental hazards were successfully identified through the BBS experiment, and the corresponding corrective measures were provided. A partial least squares structural equation modeling analysis was conducted. Results show that participants’ behavioral intention (R2 = 0.50) in using the system was significantly influenced by their perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and VR feature of the system. The average system usability scale score of 79.40 also suggests satisfactory usability of the proposed system. Additionally, a focus group interview was conducted among eight participants of managers, employees, and interns in the relevant industries to investigate their in-depth opinions on the system usage. This study serves as a preliminary medium for analyzing potential accident causes, offering an integrated approach for hazard identification and safety training using VR technology. It is hoped that this approach will be adopted as a safety management method to reduce hazards in the working environment and enhance workers’ safety awareness.
{"title":"Development and empirical examination of the acceptance of a hazard identification and safety training system based on VR technology","authors":"Mian Yan , Chi Deng , Jiarong Gao , Hailiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces the development method of a VR-based hazard identification and safety training system by applying the digital factory concept. A total of 55 participants with engineering management background knowledge and/or working experience were enrolled in the study. They were instructed to conduct a behavior-based safety (BBS) experiment by completing a series of tasks in a VR-based digital factory environment. A mixed-method analysis was performed to examine the perceived usability and acceptance of the system among participants. Our results revealed that 11 potential environmental hazards were successfully identified through the BBS experiment, and the corresponding corrective measures were provided. A partial least squares structural equation modeling analysis was conducted. Results show that participants’ behavioral intention (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.50) in using the system was significantly influenced by their perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and VR feature of the system. The average system usability scale score of 79.40 also suggests satisfactory usability of the proposed system. Additionally, a focus group interview was conducted among eight participants of managers, employees, and interns in the relevant industries to investigate their in-depth opinions on the system usage. This study serves as a preliminary medium for analyzing potential accident causes, offering an integrated approach for hazard identification and safety training using VR technology. It is hoped that this approach will be adopted as a safety management method to reduce hazards in the working environment and enhance workers’ safety awareness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106853"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Risk management is a crucial tool for ensuring workplace safety. However, errors in this process can significantly undermine its effectiveness. This study aims to identify and classify common errors and pitfalls, along with their antecedents, outcomes, and mitigation strategies, within the qualitative and semi-quantitative Workplace Safety Risk Management (WSRM) processes.
Methods
This research utilized a mixed-methods approach, integrating systematic review methodologies with grounded theory. A descriptive systematic review synthesized evidence from existing literature, utilizing databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Additionally, empirical data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with ten subject matter experts. Data analysis was performed using the grounded theory approach, supported by MAXQDA software.
Findings
A total of 49 distinct errors and pitfalls in WSRM were identified and categorized into seven classifications. Furthermore, 70 open codes related to influencing factors were identified, which included antecedent conditions, intervening factors, mitigation strategies, and outcomes, organized into relevant subcategories.
Conclusion
The findings of this study enhance our understanding of the factors that contribute to errors in qualitative and semi-quantitative WSRM. This knowledge can serve as a foundation for developing evaluation tools and error mitigation strategies within WSRM processes.
{"title":"Identify and classify common errors, antecedents, outcomes, and mitigation strategies in qualitative and semi-quantitative workplace safety risk management: Integrating grounded theory and systematic literature review","authors":"Fazel Rajabi , Mehdi Jahangiri , Moslem Alimohammadlou , Mojtaba Kamalinia","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Risk management is a crucial tool for ensuring workplace safety. However, errors in this process can significantly undermine its effectiveness. This study aims to identify and classify common errors and pitfalls, along with their antecedents, outcomes, and mitigation strategies, within the qualitative and semi-quantitative Workplace Safety Risk Management (WSRM) processes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This research utilized a mixed-methods approach, integrating systematic review methodologies with grounded theory. A descriptive systematic review synthesized evidence from existing literature, utilizing databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Additionally, empirical data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with ten subject matter experts. Data analysis was performed using the grounded theory approach, supported by MAXQDA software.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>A total of 49 distinct errors and pitfalls in WSRM were identified and categorized into seven classifications. Furthermore, 70 open codes related to influencing factors were identified, which included antecedent conditions, intervening factors, mitigation strategies, and outcomes, organized into relevant subcategories.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings of this study enhance our understanding of the factors that contribute to errors in qualitative and semi-quantitative WSRM. This knowledge can serve as a foundation for developing evaluation tools and error mitigation strategies within WSRM processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106851"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-12DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106841
Zhe Zhang , Brian H.W. Guo , Zhenan Feng , Yang Miang Goh
The construction industry’s high-risk environment demands effective hazard recognition strategies. Attention, a critical cognitive process, plays a crucial role in this task. Previous research focused on individual attention process, such as sustained attention, selective and divided attention. However, no research has been conducted to investigate the effects of the interplay between endogenous and exogenous factors on hazard recognition in construction settings. This paper aims to investigate the effects of the interplay between top-down (T-D) and bottom-up (B-U) attention networks on hazard recognition, using immersive virtual reality (IVR), eye tracking (ET), and electroencephalography (EEG). Two safety interventions—augmented stimuli and toolbox meetings—were tested in a dynamic IVR construction site. The results showed that both augmented stimuli and the safety toolbox meeting significantly affected B-U, T-D, and hazard recognition. This paper provided evidence that the interplay between B-U and T-D can significantly improve workers’ hazard recognition performance. The results improved our understanding of the mechanisms that control selective attention and the source of guidance over attention orientation. By demonstrating that T-D and B-U processes can work together rather than in isolation, this research contributes a key theoretical insight: attentional orientation in hazardous construction environments is neither fully determined by external stimuli nor entirely controlled by internal cognitive sets. In addition, this paper highlights and calls for an integrated approach to improving worker’s hazard recognition performance, by combining digital-technology-enabled stimuli with safety-goal-oriented training and managerial practices.
{"title":"Investigating the interplay of bottom-up and top-down attention in hazard recognition: Insights from immersive virtual reality, eye-tracking and electroencephalography","authors":"Zhe Zhang , Brian H.W. Guo , Zhenan Feng , Yang Miang Goh","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The construction industry’s high-risk environment demands effective hazard recognition strategies. Attention, a critical cognitive process, plays a crucial role in this task. Previous research focused on individual attention process, such as sustained attention, selective and divided attention. However, no research has been conducted to investigate the effects of the interplay between endogenous and exogenous factors on hazard recognition in construction settings. This paper aims to investigate the effects of the interplay between top-down (T-D) and bottom-up (B-U) attention networks on hazard recognition, using immersive virtual reality (IVR), eye tracking (ET), and electroencephalography (EEG). Two safety interventions—augmented stimuli and toolbox meetings—were tested in a dynamic IVR construction site. The results showed that both augmented stimuli and the safety toolbox meeting significantly affected B-U, T-D, and hazard recognition. This paper provided evidence that the interplay between B-U and T-D can significantly improve workers’ hazard recognition performance. The results improved our understanding of the mechanisms that control selective attention and the source of guidance over attention orientation. By demonstrating that T-D and B-U processes can work together rather than in isolation, this research contributes a key theoretical insight: attentional orientation in hazardous construction environments is neither fully determined by external stimuli nor entirely controlled by internal cognitive sets. In addition, this paper highlights and calls for an integrated approach to improving worker’s hazard recognition performance, by combining digital-technology-enabled stimuli with safety-goal-oriented training and managerial practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106841"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-12DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106834
Claire E. Baker, Mazdak Ghajari
Advancements in smart, adaptive vehicle safety features offer significant potential to improve occupant safety by detecting and responding to diverse seating positions in real-time. Yet, current safety designs and crash testing primarily focus on occupants of distinct demographics statically seated in standard positions, raising challenges of equity and real-world representability.
We investigated the link between out-of-position (OOP) occupants and injury severity in British road traffic collisions, using the comprehensive Road Accident In-Depth Studies (RAIDS) dataset. We quantified injury risks for unbelted and OOP occupants by analysing factors such as seat belt use, seat back recline angle, dashboard proximity and head restraint height in 5,362 RAIDS occupants from over 2,200 collisions.
Unbelted occupants had a 1.88 times higher risk of severe injuries (maximum abbreviated injury scale - (MAIS3+) compared to belted occupants. Male occupants had overall lower seat belt use than female occupants and tended to be younger. Reclined seating angles over 110° were associated with a 3.99 times higher risk. For male occupants, not wearing a seat belt was associated with higher seat back recline angle and younger age. Occupant height and sex were observed to have a nuanced interaction with far back/forward seating positions. This shows even end-range manufacturer-approved seating positions had increased injury risk, emphasising the importance of protecting diverse occupant postures and populations.
Our work highlights the potential for advanced sensing technologies to mitigate seating position related injury risks and guide research, testing and innovation to ensure equitable protection for all occupants in future vehicle systems featuring increased automation.
{"title":"How do demographic factors, non-standard and out-of-position seating affect vehicle occupant injury outcomes in road traffic collisions?","authors":"Claire E. Baker, Mazdak Ghajari","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Advancements in smart, adaptive vehicle safety features offer significant potential to improve occupant safety by detecting and responding to diverse seating positions in real-time. Yet, current safety designs and crash testing primarily focus on occupants of distinct demographics statically seated in standard positions, raising challenges of equity and real-world representability.</div><div>We investigated the link between out-of-position (OOP) occupants and injury severity in British road traffic collisions, using the comprehensive Road Accident In-Depth Studies (RAIDS) dataset. We quantified injury risks for unbelted and OOP occupants by analysing factors such as seat belt use, seat back recline angle, dashboard proximity and head restraint height in 5,362 RAIDS occupants from over 2,200 collisions.</div><div>Unbelted occupants had a 1.88 times higher risk of severe injuries (maximum abbreviated injury scale - (MAIS3+) compared to belted occupants. Male occupants had overall lower seat belt use than female occupants and tended to be younger. Reclined seating angles over 110° were associated with a 3.99 times higher risk. For male occupants, not wearing a seat belt was associated with higher seat back recline angle and younger age. Occupant height and sex were observed to have a nuanced interaction with far back/forward seating positions. This shows even end-range manufacturer-approved seating positions had increased injury risk, emphasising the importance of protecting diverse occupant postures and populations.</div><div>Our work highlights the potential for advanced sensing technologies to mitigate seating position related injury risks and guide research, testing and innovation to ensure equitable protection for all occupants in future vehicle systems featuring increased automation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106834"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AM is a rapidly growing and developing industry. As a novel industry, it has been acknowledged that there is a need for research done in the area of occupational health and safety (OHS). This study considers the perspective of the AM technology users and how they receive and implement safety information and what are the gaps and development needs in the area.
Methodology
The study was conducted in two steps. First, a comprehensive survey on general OHS topics among international AM professionals was carried out. Second, a focus group interview was conducted with Finnish survey participants. This longitudinal mixed-methods research allowed the collection of OHS information over five years. Data from the survey and focus group interviews were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively.
Findings
The results of both survey and focus group interviews indicated that AM technology users have realized they have knowledge gaps in AM safety, especially concerning comprehensive external training. The focus group interviews highlighted a strong culture of self-directed learning and feeling that research on safety of additive manufacturing remains fragmented. Together, this conveys a strong notion that further global research and education on AM-related OHS are necessary to provide better safety guidance to all AM users, including those in industrial, hobbyist, and office. However, to achieve sustainable and safe growth in the AM field, concerted efforts from manufacturers, industry professionals, and regulatory bodies are essential.
Originality
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is pioneering study to gain insight into how AM technology users themselves view OHS issues.
{"title":"Is the workforce ready? A look at operational health and safety in additive manufacturing","authors":"Kirsi Kukko , Anna-Kaisa Viitanen , Sergei Chekurov , Iñigo Flores Ituarte","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>AM is a rapidly growing and developing industry. As a novel industry, it has been acknowledged that there is a need for research done in the area of occupational health and safety (OHS). This study considers the perspective of the AM technology users and how they receive and implement safety information and what are the gaps and development needs in the area.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>The study was conducted in two steps. First, a comprehensive survey on general OHS topics among international AM professionals was carried out. Second, a focus group interview was conducted with Finnish survey participants. This longitudinal mixed-methods research allowed the collection of OHS information over five years. Data from the survey and focus group interviews were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>The results of both survey and focus group interviews indicated that AM technology users have realized they have knowledge gaps in AM safety, especially concerning comprehensive external training. The focus group interviews highlighted a strong culture of self-directed learning and feeling that research on safety of additive manufacturing remains fragmented. Together, this conveys a strong notion that further global research and education on AM-related OHS are necessary to provide better safety guidance to all AM users, including those in industrial, hobbyist, and office. However, to achieve sustainable and safe growth in the AM field, concerted efforts from manufacturers, industry professionals, and regulatory bodies are essential.</div></div><div><h3>Originality</h3><div>To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is pioneering study to gain insight into how AM technology users themselves view OHS issues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106842"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Walking speed is an important parameter for assessing the evacuation capability of individuals in emergency situations on ships. The effects of ship motion amplitudes and periods can significantly reduce individual walking speed. In this study, a series of walking speed experiments were conducted using a six-degrees-of-freedom ship motion platform under various motion conditions. The effects of roll and pitch amplitudes (0°, 2.5°, 5°, 7.5°, 10°, 12.5°, and 15°) and motion periods (15s, 20s, 25s) on individual walking speed were analyzed. The results showed that as the ship’s motion amplitude increased and the motion period decreased, the individual walking speed exhibited a nonlinear decline, with a significant decrease in walking speed when the motion amplitude exceeded 7.5°. The influence of ship motion on walking speed was found to be much greater than the impact of static inclination. A regression analysis model was developed based on nonlinear least squares, considering the ship’s motion amplitude, motion period, gender, age, and height. The results indicated that the effect of motion amplitude on walking speed was more significant than that of motion period, with gender also having an important influence on walking speed. These findings provide valuable data to support the evaluation of evacuation capabilities and the development of evacuation models under ship motion conditions.
{"title":"An experimental study on individual walking speed considering the effects of ship motion amplitude and motion period","authors":"Mingyang Guo, Miao Chen, Lihao Yuan, Xinwei Li, Zhihui Zhang, Jia Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Walking speed is an important parameter for assessing the evacuation capability of individuals in emergency situations on ships. The effects of ship motion amplitudes and periods can significantly reduce individual walking speed. In this study, a series of walking speed experiments were conducted using a six-degrees-of-freedom ship motion platform under various motion conditions. The effects of roll and pitch amplitudes (0°, 2.5°, 5°, 7.5°, 10°, 12.5°, and 15°) and motion periods (15s, 20s, 25s) on individual walking speed were analyzed. The results showed that as the ship’s motion amplitude increased and the motion period decreased, the individual walking speed exhibited a nonlinear decline, with a significant decrease in walking speed when the motion amplitude exceeded 7.5°. The influence of ship motion on walking speed was found to be much greater than the impact of static inclination. A regression analysis model was developed based on nonlinear least squares, considering the ship’s motion amplitude, motion period, gender, age, and height. The results indicated that the effect of motion amplitude on walking speed was more significant than that of motion period, with gender also having an important influence on walking speed. These findings provide valuable data to support the evaluation of evacuation capabilities and the development of evacuation models under ship motion conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106839"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-06DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106838
Salvador De-Benavides-Jiménez , Marta Gómez-Galán , Juan-Carlos Rubio-Romero , Manuel Díaz-Pérez , Ángel-Jesús Callejón-Ferre
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are very common in the agricultural sector because most tasks are manual. This study attempts to analyse the forced postures and repetitive movements in greenhouse cucumber workers. Two semi-quantitative assessment methods (Ovako Working Analysis System and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) were used following an exhaustive field analysis of the work. The results indicate the need to avoid continuous back flexion, leg flexion and arm elevation. The tasks with the highest risk of MSDs are T1 (transplant furrow) and T4 (planting seedlings), which carry a 46% and 72% level-3 risk, respectively. Postural training for workers, mechanising tasks, and improving their physical state could reduce the risk of MSD.
{"title":"Physical load assessment of greenhouse cucumber farmers using OWAS and RULA methods","authors":"Salvador De-Benavides-Jiménez , Marta Gómez-Galán , Juan-Carlos Rubio-Romero , Manuel Díaz-Pérez , Ángel-Jesús Callejón-Ferre","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are very common in the agricultural sector because most tasks are manual. This study attempts to analyse the forced postures and repetitive movements in greenhouse cucumber workers. Two semi-quantitative assessment methods (Ovako Working Analysis System and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) were used following an exhaustive field analysis of the work. The results indicate the need to avoid continuous back flexion, leg flexion and arm elevation. The tasks with the highest risk of MSDs are T1 (transplant furrow) and T4 (planting seedlings), which carry a 46% and 72% level-3 risk, respectively. Postural training for workers, mechanising tasks, and improving their physical state could reduce the risk of MSD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106838"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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