Stabilization of coxofemoral luxation in macropods using the Tightrope® system: 3 cases (2016–2023)

Abstract

Background

Orthopedic surgery in macropods is underreported.

Methods

Retrospective evaluation of clinical, radiographic, and surgical findings of macropods diagnosed with coxofemoral luxation and treated by open reduction and surgical stabilization between the years of 2016 and 2023.

Results

Three cases (red kangaroo [Osphranter rufus], n = 2; Bennett's wallaby [Notamacropus rufogriseus], n = 1) were included. One kangaroo was tolerant of handling while the other two animals were intractable. Coxofemoral luxation was diagnosed radiographically and closed reduction was unsuccessful in all cases. Anesthesia was induced, and lumbosacral subarachnoid analgesia or epidural anesthesia was performed in the kangaroos. All cases received anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antibiotic therapies peri- and postoperatively. A craniolateral surgical approach was made over the coxofemoral joint as in canine patients. Open reduction was performed and a TightRope® system was placed. Postoperative radiographs confirmed joint reduction and appropriate implant position. One kangaroo developed postoperative subcutaneous edema of the distal ipsilateral limb, which resolved with supportive therapies. Exercise restriction was instituted in all cases for 6–8 weeks before gradually increasing activity. The wallaby re-presented 4 months later for a right subtrochanteric femoral fracture. On radiographic and intra-operative evaluation, there was no apparent association between this fracture and the previous luxation repair. No clinical or radiographic evidence of implant failure was appreciated up to 22 months postoperatively, although detailed follow-up information was not available for 2 cases.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Based on these successful outcomes, TightRope® system stabilization may be considered for coxofemoral luxation in macropods to preserve joint anatomy and function.