Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2024.12.001
Ana Estephanía Castro-Martínez , Ximena Rosas-Plaza , Andrea Pérez , Erick Martínez-Fuentes , Karla Mollinedo-Beltrán , Adriana Méndez-Bernal , Daniel Alejandro Gómez Pizano , Laura Cobos-Marín
Background
: Canine distemper virus (CDV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) both infect domestic ferrets, with CDV causing severe and fatal illness, and SARS-CoV-2 presenting with variable clinical signs ranging from subclinical to gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms.
Case description
A four-month-old castrated male ferret, housed in a pet store, was presented with anorexia, depression, respiratory signs (eye and nasal discharge) and diarrhea lasting 6 days. The physical examination showed blepharitis, pale mucous membranes and abdominal algesia. Bloodwork showed neutrophilia with a left shift, lymphopenia, hyperbilirubinemia, hypercholesterolemia, increased ALP/GGT and azotemia. The animal was euthanized and lung and tracheal slides were used to diagnose canine distemper by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic was performed in pharyngeal and conjunctival swabs as well as lung tissue. These samples were cultured in Vero cells and RNA was analyzed by RT-PCR and high-throughput sequencing. SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.519 was confirmed.
Conclusions and clinical relevance
This report presents the first documented case of co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and CDV in a ferret, highlighting the need to include SARS-CoV-2 as a differential diagnosis in ferrets with respiratory disease, especially in cases where multiple pathogens may be involved.
{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 and distemper co-infection in a domestic ferret. Case report","authors":"Ana Estephanía Castro-Martínez , Ximena Rosas-Plaza , Andrea Pérez , Erick Martínez-Fuentes , Karla Mollinedo-Beltrán , Adriana Méndez-Bernal , Daniel Alejandro Gómez Pizano , Laura Cobos-Marín","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>: Canine distemper virus (CDV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) both infect domestic ferrets, with CDV causing severe and fatal illness, and SARS-CoV-2 presenting with variable clinical signs ranging from subclinical to gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Case description</h3><div>A four-month-old castrated male ferret, housed in a pet store, was presented with anorexia, depression, respiratory signs (eye and nasal discharge) and diarrhea lasting 6 days. The physical examination showed blepharitis, pale mucous membranes and abdominal algesia. Bloodwork showed neutrophilia with a left shift, lymphopenia, hyperbilirubinemia, hypercholesterolemia, increased ALP/GGT and azotemia. The animal was euthanized and lung and tracheal slides were used to diagnose canine distemper by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic was performed in pharyngeal and conjunctival swabs as well as lung tissue. These samples were cultured in Vero cells and RNA was analyzed by RT-PCR and high-throughput sequencing. SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.519 was confirmed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><div>This report presents the first documented case of co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and CDV in a ferret, highlighting the need to include SARS-CoV-2 as a differential diagnosis in ferrets with respiratory disease, especially in cases where multiple pathogens may be involved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"52 ","pages":"Pages 21-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2024.12.003
Siyu Long , Peng Wang , Yaoqin Shen
Background
Ceratophrys cranwelli (C. cranwelli) is one of the most commonly kept pet frogs worldwide and may be presented to veterinary clinics for evaluation. However, there is limited imaging data available for ultrasound and computed tomography in this species.
Methods
Ultrasound and computed tomography were utilized to assess the organs of C. cranwelli. A total of 23 captive frogs were used in the experiment, including 3 for pre-experiment and 20 for formal experiment. The pre-experimental group received additional contrast-enhanced angiography in computed tomography. The formal experimental group was divided into 2 groups, 5 males and 5 females in each group. One group received ultrasound examination, and the other group received computed tomography.
Results
Finally, the distribution of organs within the coelom was determined, and the radiation attenuation coefficient of specific tissues and organs were measured. Additionally, describing the size, shape, and echogenicity of the liver, gallbladder, kidneys, spleen, stomach, testes, ovaries, fat bodies, and heart were described.
Conclusions and clinical relevance
This study describes the normal anatomical structure of C. cranwelli and obtains normal imaging data, which provides basic data for this species and can provide some reference for veterinarians.
{"title":"Coelomic ultrasound and computed tomography of clinically normal C. cranwelli (Anura: Ceratophryidae)","authors":"Siyu Long , Peng Wang , Yaoqin Shen","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Ceratophrys cranwelli</em> (<em>C. cranwelli</em>) is one of the most commonly kept pet frogs worldwide and may be presented to veterinary clinics for evaluation. However, there is limited imaging data available for ultrasound and computed tomography in this species.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Ultrasound and computed tomography were utilized to assess the organs of <em>C. cranwelli</em>. A total of 23 captive frogs were used in the experiment, including 3 for pre-experiment and 20 for formal experiment. The pre-experimental group received additional contrast-enhanced angiography in computed tomography. The formal experimental group was divided into 2 groups, 5 males and 5 females in each group. One group received ultrasound examination, and the other group received computed tomography.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Finally, the distribution of organs within the coelom was determined, and the radiation attenuation coefficient of specific tissues and organs were measured. Additionally, describing the size, shape, and echogenicity of the liver, gallbladder, kidneys, spleen, stomach, testes, ovaries, fat bodies, and heart were described.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><div>This study describes the normal anatomical structure of <em>C. cranwelli</em> and obtains normal imaging data, which provides basic data for this species and can provide some reference for veterinarians.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"52 ","pages":"Pages 30-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2024.12.004
{"title":"Abstracts from the literature","authors":"","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"52 ","pages":"Pages 27-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2024.11.001
Braulio Alejandro Fuantos Gámez , Alejandro de la Rosa T , Jocelín S. Sánchez , Anayansi I. López , Camilo Romero Nuñez
The blood compatibility of different species of chelonians kept under human care for possible interspecific blood transfusions was evaluated by means of a simplified hemagglutination cross test. The result was that among individuals of the 9 species of turtles tested, only the combination of 2 species showed immediate macroagglutination, making this an indication of incompatibility between them
{"title":"Blood compatibility test between different species of chelonians with a simplified hemagglutination cross test.","authors":"Braulio Alejandro Fuantos Gámez , Alejandro de la Rosa T , Jocelín S. Sánchez , Anayansi I. López , Camilo Romero Nuñez","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The blood compatibility of different species of chelonians kept under human care for possible interspecific blood transfusions was evaluated by means of a simplified hemagglutination cross test. The result was that among individuals of the 9 species of turtles tested, only the combination of 2 species showed immediate macroagglutination, making this an indication of incompatibility between them</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"52 ","pages":"Pages 17-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2025.01.006
Taíse Fuchs , Gabriel Aikawa Dusi , André Saldanha , Antonio Henrique Cereda da Silva , Eloisa Muehlbauer , Carolina Zaghi Cavalcante , Cláudia Turra Pimpão
Background
Despite high analgesic efficacy, full mu agonist opioids are used with caution in rabbits largely due to the potential for gastrointestinal side effects. Systemic lidocaine enhances intestinal motility and reduces nociception and inflammatory responses. This study aimed to evaluate the cardiorespiratory, analgesic, and gastrointestinal effects of continuous infusion of fentanyl and lidocaine in rabbits undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy (OVH).
Methods
Nineteen New Zealand White rabbits were assigned to 3 groups: lidocaine (LG), fentanyl (FG), and fentanyl+lidocaine (FLG). Drugs were administered as follows: L - 2 mg kg-1 IV and continuous rate infusion (CRI) at 6 mg kg-1 hour-1; F – 0.002 mg kg-1 IV and CRI at 0.01 mg kg-1 hour-1. Measured variables included cardiorespiratory parameters, expired fraction of isoflurane (FE'Iso), plasma glucose concentration, body weight, food and water consumption, fecal output and pain scores.
Results
Fentanyl reduced heart and respiratory rate in FG and FLG. Reduction in mean arterial pressure and a higher FE'Iso compared to baseline was observed in LG. There was no difference in pain scores between groups, but 2 animals from LG and one from FLG required analgesic rescue. FG and FLG had a reduction in body weight, water and food intake and fecal output, mostly on the first and second postoperative days.
Conclusions and clinical relevance
The CRI of fentanyl and/or lidocaine may contribute to analgesia in rabbits undergoing OVH, but lidocaine CRI should be included within a multimodal analgesia protocol. Fentanyl affects intestinal motility in rabbits and the addition of lidocaine does not appear to prevent the effect of the opioid on the gastrointestinal tract.
{"title":"Cardiorespiratory, analgesic and gastrointestinal effects of fentanyl and lidocaine in rabbits undergoing ovariohysterectomy","authors":"Taíse Fuchs , Gabriel Aikawa Dusi , André Saldanha , Antonio Henrique Cereda da Silva , Eloisa Muehlbauer , Carolina Zaghi Cavalcante , Cláudia Turra Pimpão","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Despite high analgesic efficacy, full mu agonist opioids are used with caution in rabbits largely due to the potential for gastrointestinal side effects. Systemic lidocaine enhances intestinal motility and reduces nociception and inflammatory responses. This study aimed to evaluate the cardiorespiratory, analgesic, and gastrointestinal effects of continuous infusion of fentanyl and lidocaine in rabbits undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy (OVH).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Nineteen New Zealand White rabbits were assigned to 3 groups: lidocaine (LG), fentanyl (FG), and fentanyl+lidocaine (FLG). Drugs were administered as follows: L - 2 mg kg-1 IV and continuous rate infusion (CRI) at 6 mg kg-1 hour-1; F – 0.002 mg kg-1 IV and CRI at 0.01 mg kg-1 hour-1. Measured variables included cardiorespiratory parameters, expired fraction of isoflurane (FE'Iso), plasma glucose concentration, body weight, food and water consumption, fecal output and pain scores.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fentanyl reduced heart and respiratory rate in FG and FLG. Reduction in mean arterial pressure and a higher FE'Iso compared to baseline was observed in LG. There was no difference in pain scores between groups, but 2 animals from LG and one from FLG required analgesic rescue. FG and FLG had a reduction in body weight, water and food intake and fecal output, mostly on the first and second postoperative days.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><div>The CRI of fentanyl and/or lidocaine may contribute to analgesia in rabbits undergoing OVH, but lidocaine CRI should be included within a multimodal analgesia protocol. Fentanyl affects intestinal motility in rabbits and the addition of lidocaine does not appear to prevent the effect of the opioid on the gastrointestinal tract.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"52 ","pages":"Pages 62-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2025.01.003
Greta Doden , Hugo A. Gonzalez-Jassi , Gregory Yoast , Katharine Hausmann , Faolain Barrett , Grayson Doss , Anna Martel , Peter Muir , Gary Spodnick , Tania Perez Jimenez , Mark Rochat , João Brandão
Background
Orthopedic surgery in macropods is underreported.
Methods
Retrospective evaluation of clinical, radiographic, and surgical findings of macropods diagnosed with coxofemoral luxation and treated by open reduction and surgical stabilization between the years of 2016 and 2023.
Results
Three cases (red kangaroo [Osphranter rufus], n = 2; Bennett's wallaby [Notamacropus rufogriseus], n = 1) were included. One kangaroo was tolerant of handling while the other two animals were intractable. Coxofemoral luxation was diagnosed radiographically and closed reduction was unsuccessful in all cases. Anesthesia was induced, and lumbosacral subarachnoid analgesia or epidural anesthesia was performed in the kangaroos. All cases received anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antibiotic therapies peri- and postoperatively. A craniolateral surgical approach was made over the coxofemoral joint as in canine patients. Open reduction was performed and a TightRope® system was placed. Postoperative radiographs confirmed joint reduction and appropriate implant position. One kangaroo developed postoperative subcutaneous edema of the distal ipsilateral limb, which resolved with supportive therapies. Exercise restriction was instituted in all cases for 6–8 weeks before gradually increasing activity. The wallaby re-presented 4 months later for a right subtrochanteric femoral fracture. On radiographic and intra-operative evaluation, there was no apparent association between this fracture and the previous luxation repair. No clinical or radiographic evidence of implant failure was appreciated up to 22 months postoperatively, although detailed follow-up information was not available for 2 cases.
Conclusions and clinical relevance
Based on these successful outcomes, TightRope® system stabilization may be considered for coxofemoral luxation in macropods to preserve joint anatomy and function.
{"title":"Stabilization of coxofemoral luxation in macropods using the Tightrope® system: 3 cases (2016–2023)","authors":"Greta Doden , Hugo A. Gonzalez-Jassi , Gregory Yoast , Katharine Hausmann , Faolain Barrett , Grayson Doss , Anna Martel , Peter Muir , Gary Spodnick , Tania Perez Jimenez , Mark Rochat , João Brandão","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Orthopedic surgery in macropods is underreported.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Retrospective evaluation of clinical, radiographic, and surgical findings of macropods diagnosed with coxofemoral luxation and treated by open reduction and surgical stabilization between the years of 2016 and 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Three cases (red kangaroo [<em>Osphranter rufus</em>], n = 2; Bennett's wallaby [<em>Notamacropus rufogriseus</em>], n = 1) were included. One kangaroo was tolerant of handling while the other two animals were intractable. Coxofemoral luxation was diagnosed radiographically and closed reduction was unsuccessful in all cases. Anesthesia was induced, and lumbosacral subarachnoid analgesia or epidural anesthesia was performed in the kangaroos. All cases received anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antibiotic therapies peri- and postoperatively. A craniolateral surgical approach was made over the coxofemoral joint as in canine patients. Open reduction was performed and a TightRope® system was placed. Postoperative radiographs confirmed joint reduction and appropriate implant position. One kangaroo developed postoperative subcutaneous edema of the distal ipsilateral limb, which resolved with supportive therapies. Exercise restriction was instituted in all cases for 6–8 weeks before gradually increasing activity. The wallaby re-presented 4 months later for a right subtrochanteric femoral fracture. On radiographic and intra-operative evaluation, there was no apparent association between this fracture and the previous luxation repair. No clinical or radiographic evidence of implant failure was appreciated up to 22 months postoperatively, although detailed follow-up information was not available for 2 cases.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><div>Based on these successful outcomes, TightRope® system stabilization may be considered for coxofemoral luxation in macropods to preserve joint anatomy and function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"52 ","pages":"Pages 43-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2024.12.002
Christian N. Guerzon, Sophia Freda, Hugues Beaufrere, Krista Keller
{"title":"Clinically relevant concentrations of pravastatin do not inhibit the in vitro growth of Nannizziopsis guarroi.","authors":"Christian N. Guerzon, Sophia Freda, Hugues Beaufrere, Krista Keller","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"52 ","pages":"Pages 19-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2025.01.004
{"title":"In Memoriam of Dr. Fredric L. Frye","authors":"","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"52 ","pages":"Page 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Histopathological diagnosis of fibrosarcoma in a golden albino axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)","authors":"Natalia Alzate Henao , Belfran Carbonell Medina , Juliana Zapata Cardona","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"52 ","pages":"Pages 41-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143092098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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