Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine最新文献

英文中文

Surgical debulking and stereotactic radiotherapy of a mandibular osteoma in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo) 雪貂下颌骨骨瘤的手术切除和立体定向放疗

IF 0.6 4区农林科学 Q4 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2025.12.008

Tracy T. Yuen , Michelle C. Borsdorf , Amanda D. Wong , Clara A. Moran , Kim A. Selting , Miranda D. Vieson , Krista A. Keller

Background

In ferrets, osteomas are rare, benign bone-originating tumors that can lead to detrimental clinical signs which negatively impact their quality of life. To date, current reported successful treatments include complete surgical excision for curative intent. Surgical debulking and subsequent radiotherapy was a novel approach to treatment employed in this case.

Case description

A 10-month-old, neutered male, sable ferret (Mustela putorius furo) presented with a firm, immobile, subcutaneous mass (15.6 mm x 14.0 mm x 16.0 mm; rostrocaudal x mediolateral x dorsoventral) originating from the lateral margin of the angle of the left mandible based on computed tomographic (CT) scan. Surgical debulking was performed and the mass was confirmed to be an osteoma on histopathology. To follow, stereotactic radiotherapy was prescribed to treat the residual mandibular mass effect with 8 Gy delivered each day for 3 sequential days (total dose of 24 Gy). There were no apparent early or late adverse effects of radiation and no regrowth was appreciated clinically or on CT scans 141 days post-surgery (106 days post-radiotherapy) and 403 days post-surgery (368 days post-radiotherapy). The ferret died approximately 2 years post-operation due to unknown cause without obvious regrowth of the mandibular mass at the time of death.

Conclusions and case relevance

In this ferret, the combination of surgical debulking and stereotactic radiotherapy resulted in a clinical cure of a mandibular osteoma for at least 2 years. Additional studies with a larger sample size may further elucidate early and late radiation side effects, surgical complications, and long-term outcome.

在雪貂中，骨瘤是一种罕见的良性骨源性肿瘤，可导致有害的临床症状，并对其生活质量产生负面影响。迄今为止，目前报道的成功治疗方法包括完全手术切除以达到治愈目的。手术切除和随后的放射治疗是本病例采用的新治疗方法。病例描述：一只10个月大的绝育雄性貂（鼬鼬），在计算机断层扫描（CT）的基础上，出现了一个坚固的、不可移动的皮下肿块（15.6 mm x 14.0 mm x 16.0 mm；背侧x中外侧x背腹侧），起源于左下颌骨角外侧边缘。手术切除后病理证实肿块为骨瘤。随后，采用立体定向放疗治疗下颌残余肿块效应，每天8 Gy，连续3天（总剂量24 Gy）。放疗后141天（放疗后106天）和403天（放疗后368天）的临床和CT扫描均未发现肿瘤再生。雪貂术后约2年死亡，死因不明，死亡时下颌肿块未见明显再生。结论与病例相关性：在本病例中，手术切除和立体定向放疗相结合，使患者临床治愈了至少2年的下颌骨瘤。更多样本量更大的研究可能会进一步阐明早期和晚期放射副作用、手术并发症和长期结果。

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引用次数: 0

Successful surgical management of ectopia cordis in a ball python (python regius) 球型巨蟒心脏异位的手术治疗

IF 0.6 4区农林科学 Q4 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2025.12.002

Ferran Solanes-Vilanova, Tom Hellebuyck

Background

Ectopia cordis is a congenital malformation characterized by the partial or complete externalization of the heart through a defect in the body wall, typically resulting from a failure of midline fusion during embryogenesis. Ectopia cordis is a rare anomaly found in humans, livestock, and companion animals, with only a few documented cases in reptiles.

Case description

This report details the successful surgical correction of ectopia cordis in a neonatal ball python (Python regius). The python was presented immediately posthatching, with the heart located completely outside of the body cavity but in the correct mid-cervical anatomical position. The heart and pericardium were macroscopically unremarkable, except for the presence of reactive fibrinous deposits on the pericardial serosa. Echocardiography confirmed normal cardiac morphology and function without septal or valvular abnormalities. After excision of the fibrin, repositioning of the heart into the coelomic cavity and closure of the body wall were performed. Postoperatively, the python received antimicrobial prophylaxis, supportive care, and remained hospitalized until the first ecdysis and spontaneous feeding were observed. During a one-year follow-up period, the python showed normal feeding behavior and a comparable length and body weight to its clutchmate. Repeated echocardiographic examinations demonstrated normal cardiac function, with no evidence of fibrotic pericardial adhesions.

Conclusions and case relevance

This report documents the first successful treatment of ectopia cordis in a reptilian species, and represents only the third such case described in the veterinary literature.

心外翻是一种先天性畸形，其特征是心脏通过体壁缺陷部分或完全外翻，通常是由于胚胎发生时中线融合失败造成的。心异位是一种罕见的异常，在人类，家畜和伴侣动物中发现，只有少数记录的爬行动物病例。病例描述：本报告详细介绍了新生儿球蟒（巨蟒）心脏异位的成功手术矫正。这条蟒蛇立即被呈现，心脏完全位于体腔外，但在正确的颈中解剖位置。除了心包浆膜上有反应性纤维沉积外，心脏和心包在宏观上不明显。超声心动图证实心脏形态和功能正常，无间隔或瓣膜异常。切除纤维蛋白后，将心脏重新定位到体腔内并关闭体壁。术后，蟒蛇接受抗菌预防治疗和支持性护理，并一直住院，直到观察到第一次蜕皮和自发进食。在一年的随访期间，蟒蛇表现出正常的摄食行为，其长度和体重与其配偶相当。多次超声心动图检查显示心功能正常，无纤维化心包粘连的证据。结论和病例相关性：本报告是首例成功治疗爬行动物心异位的病例，也是兽医文献中第三例此类病例。

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引用次数: 0

Computed tomographic characterisation, grading and prevalence of external, middle and internal ear diseases in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) 豚鼠外耳、中耳和内耳疾病的计算机断层成像特征、分级和流行

IF 0.6 4区农林科学 Q4 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2025.12.004

Franziska Döbelt, Anne Kühn

Background

Middle ear diseases are commonly observed in guinea pigs. However, due to the small anatomical structures and the need for anaesthesia, X-ray diagnostics are often risky for the patients and offer limited diagnostic value. This study aimed to describe CT abnormalities of the outer, middle and inner ear and to determine the prevalence of ear diseases in guinea pigs. Additionally, the study evaluated potential predisposing factors for ear abnormalities, such as age, breed and other head pathologies.

Methods

Medical records of guinea pigs that had undergone CT scans between June 2020 and July 2025 were retrospectively reviewed and categorized based on the indication for the CT scan (i.e., ear-related clinical signs vs nonear related conditions). Each CT study was assessed for abnormalities in the ears, upper respiratory tract, dentation and – in the case of full-body CT studies – the thorax and abdomen.

Results

CT scans of 55 guinea pigs were analysed. Sixteen guinea pigs (29.09%) exhibited changes in a total of 25 middle ears (25/110). From the age of 5.6 years onward, middle ear pathologies were consistently bilateral and involved both the dorsal and ventral bullae. The prevalence of middle ear disease increased significantly with age. Additionally, 3 guinea pigs (5.45%) showed abnormalities in the external ear canal and cochlea. A correlation was found between middle ear pathologies and ipsilateral dental disease.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

CT is a reliable imaging modality for detecting ear abnormalities in guinea pigs. Notably, 54 out of 55 animals underwent CT scanning without the need for general anaesthesia. The findings indicate that ear pathologies are common in guinea pigs, although their clinical relevance remains uncertain.

背景：中耳疾病在豚鼠中很常见。然而，由于解剖结构小，需要麻醉，x线诊断对患者来说往往是有风险的，诊断价值有限。本研究旨在描述豚鼠外耳、中耳和内耳的CT异常，并确定耳部疾病的患病率。此外，该研究还评估了耳朵异常的潜在易感因素，如年龄、品种和其他头部病变。方法回顾性分析2020年6月至2025年7月期间接受CT扫描的豚鼠病历，并根据CT扫描的适应症（即耳部相关临床体征与非耳部相关病症）进行分类。每一项CT研究都评估了耳朵、上呼吸道、牙列的异常，在全身CT研究的情况下，评估了胸部和腹部的异常。结果分析了55只豚鼠的ct扫描结果。16只豚鼠（29.09%）共25只中耳（25/110）出现变化。从5.6岁开始，中耳病变一直是双侧的，并累及背侧和腹侧大泡。中耳疾病的患病率随着年龄的增长而显著增加。3只（5.45%）豚鼠出现外耳道及耳蜗异常。发现中耳病变与同侧牙病之间存在相关性。结论和临床意义ect是一种可靠的检测豚鼠耳部异常的成像方式。值得注意的是，55只动物中有54只在不需要全身麻醉的情况下进行了CT扫描。研究结果表明，耳部病变在豚鼠中很常见，尽管其临床相关性尚不确定。

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引用次数: 0

Dystocia secondary to ectopic pregnancy in a Kenyan sand boa (Eryx colubrinus) 肯尼亚沙蟒异位妊娠继发难产

IF 0.6 4区农林科学 Q4 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2025.12.006

Teresa Bousquet, Daren Mandrusiak

Background

This is the first published description of successful surgical management of dystocia secondary to ectopic pregnancy in a Kenyan sand boa.

Case description

A 7-year-old intact female Kenyan sand boa (Eryx colubrinus) presented with a history of unusual behavior and the passage of 7 infertile ova 3 days prior. On physical examination, coelomic palpation revealed fluid distention and multiple firm structures in the mid-to-caudal coelom. Radiographs revealed homogeneous fluid and or soft tissue distention of the coelomic cavity, with multifocal ill-defined heterogenous mineral opacities in the central and caudal thirds of the body, interpreted as fetuses. The following day, exploratory surgery confirmed the presence of coelomic effusion and necrotic ectopic fetuses. Extensive flushing and debridement were performed, followed by ovariosalpingectomy. Postsurgical radiographs revealed additional fetuses remaining in the caudal third of the coelomic cavity. A revision procedure was performed, and the remaining fetuses were successfully removed. One year after initial presentation, the snake remains healthy with no further health concerns.

Conclusion and case relevance

Dystocia and ectopic pregnancy are rarely reported in viviparous reptiles. Dystocia secondary to ectopic pregnancy should be considered as a differential in viviparous reptiles presented with health and reproductive concerns.

背景：这是肯尼亚沙蟒异位妊娠难产成功手术治疗的首次报道。病例描述：1例7岁完整雌性肯尼亚沙蟒（Eryx colubrinus）， 3天前出现异常行为史和7个不孕卵子。体格检查时，体腔触诊显示体腔中尾部有液体扩张和多个坚固的结构。x线片显示体腔均匀的液体和/或软组织扩张，在身体的中央和尾部三分之一处有多灶不明确的异质矿物混浊，解释为胎儿。第二天，探查手术证实存在体腔积液和坏死性异位胎儿。进行了广泛的冲洗和清创，随后进行了卵巢输卵管切除术。术后x线片显示额外的胎儿留在体腔尾三分之一处。进行了翻修手术，成功地取出了剩余的胎儿。在初次出现一年后，蛇仍然健康，没有进一步的健康问题。结论：在胎生爬行动物中，宫外孕和宫外孕的发生率较低。继发于异位妊娠的难产应被认为是胎生爬行动物出现健康和生殖问题的差异。

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引用次数: 0

Feasibility of dental and oral cavity examination and dental radiography in sedated four-toed hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris) 镇静四趾刺猬口腔及口腔检查及牙科x线摄影的可行性

IF 0.6 4区农林科学 Q4 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2025.11.001

Grayson A. Doss, Youna Jeon, Christopher Snyder

Objective

Report normal oral and dental examination findings and evaluate the feasibility of intraoral radiography in four-toed hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris) under sedation.

Methods

Twelve healthy, adult hedgehogs (seven males, five females) were sedated with a combination of alfaxalone (5 mg/kg [2.3 mg/lb]) and midazolam (1 mg/kg [0.45 mg/lb]) SC and an oral examination performed in a research setting. The dental formula, documentation of calculus, missing teeth, fractures, mobility, and microdontia were recorded. Periodontal probing evaluating the sulcus depth for each tooth was performed and a gingivitis score assigned, if applicable. Dental radiography was performed using commercial phosphor dental imaging plates. Intraoral radiographs of maxillary and mandibular quadrants as well as skull radiographs were collected.

Results

Sedation was sufficient for performing most of the oral examination, except inspection of the tonsils, soft palate, and pharynx, and permitted intraoral radiography in all hedgehogs. The dental formula for each hedgehog varied, but most animals (7/12, 58%) had I 3/2, C 1/1, P 3/2, M 3/3. Most animals (9/12, 75%) had dental abnormalities, which were most noted in the maxillary quadrants (9/12, 75%). The most noted oral abnormality was calculi, seen in 7/12 (58%) animals. Gingivitis was present in 5/12 (42%) hedgehogs and was most associated with the maxillary incisors.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Subcutaneous alfaxalone-midazolam provides adequate sedation for dental evaluation and intraoral radiography in four-toed hedgehogs. Calculus accumulation, missing teeth, and periodontal disease were common findings in this group of hedgehogs. The high rate of dental abnormalities found in this study underscores the importance of performing regular oral examinations using chemical immobilization in pet hedgehogs. Intraoral radiography can be used as in other pet species to guide clinical decision making.

目的报告四趾刺猬（Atelerix albiventris）在镇静状态下正常口腔和口腔检查结果，并评价口腔内x线摄影的可行性。方法12只健康成年刺猬（雄性7只，雌性5只）在研究环境中使用阿法沙龙（5mg /kg [2.3 mg/lb]）和咪达唑仑（1mg /kg [0.45 mg/lb]） SC联合镇静，并进行口腔检查。记录牙齿配方、牙石、缺牙、骨折、活动度和小牙。进行牙周探查，评估每颗牙齿的牙沟深度，并在适用的情况下进行牙龈炎评分。使用商用磷光体牙科成像板进行牙科x线摄影。收集上颌、下颌象限口内x线片及颅骨x线片。结果除扁桃体、软腭和咽部检查外，所有刺猬均可在镇静状态下进行大部分口腔检查，并允许进行口内x线摄影。每种刺猬的牙齿配方各不相同，但大多数动物（7/ 12,58%）的牙齿配方为I 3/2， C 1/1, P 3/2, M 3/3。大多数动物（9/12,75%）有牙齿异常，其中上颌象限最明显（9/12,75%）。最明显的口腔异常是结石，在7/12（58%）的动物中可见。5/12（42%）的刺猬存在牙龈炎，且与上颌门牙最相关。结论及临床意义皮下注射阿法沙隆-咪达唑仑可为四趾刺猬提供足够的镇静作用，用于牙科评估和口内x线摄影。在这组刺猬中，结石堆积、牙齿缺失和牙周病是常见的发现。本研究中发现的高牙齿异常率强调了在宠物刺猬中使用化学固定进行定期口腔检查的重要性。口内x线摄影可以像其他宠物一样用于指导临床决策。

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引用次数: 0

Diagnosis and treatment of three leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) with hypovitaminosis A 3只斑豹壁虎维生素A缺乏症的诊断与治疗

IF 0.6 4区农林科学 Q4 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2025.10.001

Brandon J. Louth

Background

Definitive diagnosis of hypovitaminosis A is underperformed in reptiles with minimal understanding of effects of therapies beyond changes in clinical signs.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective review of medical records and plasma retinol diagnostics from a single private veterinary practice from 2023 to 2024, was performed. All leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) cases selected had presentation consistent with hypovitaminosis A, a CBC, biochemistry, fecal, plasma retinol evaluations, and monitored for at least 1 year. Three cases of leopard geckos met the selected criteria.

Results

Two cases showed leukocytosis. All cases had normal biochemistry values. All cases had negative fecal results. One case had a next-generation sequencing positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Another had radiographic findings of a healed fracture in its tail. Initial plasma retinol values of all three cases were below the published reference range. After initial treatment values had increased to 0.11–0.24 µg/mL into reference range 2 days after initial injection. Plasma retinol values decreased 7 days after initial injection to 0.08–0.15 µg/mL. Values at 6 months for all cases were 0.22–0.26 µg/mL and at 1 year 0.21–0.24 µg/mL.

Conclusion and clinical relevance

These cases demonstrate the ability to diagnose, monitor, and treat vitamin A deficiency in leopard geckos. In these cases, an initial IM injection of 66,667 IU/kg of vitamin A followed by weekly injections of 10,000 IU/kg appeared to be safe and effective.

背景：爬行动物维生素A缺乏症的明确诊断不充分，除了临床症状的变化之外，对治疗效果的了解也很少。材料与方法回顾性分析某私人兽医诊所2023年至2024年的医疗记录和血浆视黄醇诊断结果。所有选择的豹壁虎（Eublepharis macularius）病例的表现与维生素缺乏症A一致，CBC，生化，粪便，血浆视黄醇评估，并监测至少1年。3例豹壁虎符合选定标准。结果2例出现白细胞增多。所有病例的生化指标均正常。所有病例大便结果均为阴性。1例铜绿假单胞菌下一代测序阳性。另一只的x线照片显示它的尾巴骨折愈合。三例患者的初始血浆视黄醇值均低于公布的参考范围。初始注射后2天，该数值增加到0.11-0.24µg/mL，进入参考范围。初始注射后7天血浆视黄醇值下降至0.08 ~ 0.15µg/mL。所有病例6个月时的数值为0.22-0.26µg/mL， 1年时为0.21-0.24µg/mL。结论与临床意义这些病例证明了豹壁虎维生素A缺乏症的诊断、监测和治疗能力。在这些病例中，最初注射66,667 IU/kg的维生素A，然后每周注射10,000 IU/kg的维生素A似乎是安全有效的。

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引用次数: 0

AEMV 4Q Newsletter 2025 AEMV第四季度通讯2025

IF 0.6 4区农林科学 Q4 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1053/S1557-5063(25)00107-7

引用次数: 0

Avian & Exotic News 鸟类与异域新闻

IF 0.6 4区农林科学 Q4 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2025.09.004

引用次数: 0

EAAV 3Q Newspage 2025 EAAV 3Q新闻2025

IF 0.6 4区农林科学 Q4 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1053/S1557-5063(25)00111-9

引用次数: 0

Cheilitis secondary to infection with Acinetobacter baumannii in a pet rabbit 宠物兔感染鲍曼不动杆菌继发感染性溃疡

IF 0.6 4区农林科学 Q4 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2025.09.002

Teja Rosa , David Guillier

引用次数: 0

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