Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine最新文献

英文中文

Feasibility of dental and oral cavity examination and dental radiography in sedated four-toed hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris) 镇静四趾刺猬口腔及口腔检查及牙科x线摄影的可行性

IF 0.6 4区农林科学 Q4 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2025.11.001

Grayson A. Doss, Youna Jeon, Christopher Snyder

Objective

Report normal oral and dental examination findings and evaluate the feasibility of intraoral radiography in four-toed hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris) under sedation.

Methods

Twelve healthy, adult hedgehogs (seven males, five females) were sedated with a combination of alfaxalone (5 mg/kg [2.3 mg/lb]) and midazolam (1 mg/kg [0.45 mg/lb]) SC and an oral examination performed in a research setting. The dental formula, documentation of calculus, missing teeth, fractures, mobility, and microdontia were recorded. Periodontal probing evaluating the sulcus depth for each tooth was performed and a gingivitis score assigned, if applicable. Dental radiography was performed using commercial phosphor dental imaging plates. Intraoral radiographs of maxillary and mandibular quadrants as well as skull radiographs were collected.

Results

Sedation was sufficient for performing most of the oral examination, except inspection of the tonsils, soft palate, and pharynx, and permitted intraoral radiography in all hedgehogs. The dental formula for each hedgehog varied, but most animals (7/12, 58%) had I 3/2, C 1/1, P 3/2, M 3/3. Most animals (9/12, 75%) had dental abnormalities, which were most noted in the maxillary quadrants (9/12, 75%). The most noted oral abnormality was calculi, seen in 7/12 (58%) animals. Gingivitis was present in 5/12 (42%) hedgehogs and was most associated with the maxillary incisors.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Subcutaneous alfaxalone-midazolam provides adequate sedation for dental evaluation and intraoral radiography in four-toed hedgehogs. Calculus accumulation, missing teeth, and periodontal disease were common findings in this group of hedgehogs. The high rate of dental abnormalities found in this study underscores the importance of performing regular oral examinations using chemical immobilization in pet hedgehogs. Intraoral radiography can be used as in other pet species to guide clinical decision making.

目的报告四趾刺猬（Atelerix albiventris）在镇静状态下正常口腔和口腔检查结果，并评价口腔内x线摄影的可行性。方法12只健康成年刺猬（雄性7只，雌性5只）在研究环境中使用阿法沙龙（5mg /kg [2.3 mg/lb]）和咪达唑仑（1mg /kg [0.45 mg/lb]） SC联合镇静，并进行口腔检查。记录牙齿配方、牙石、缺牙、骨折、活动度和小牙。进行牙周探查，评估每颗牙齿的牙沟深度，并在适用的情况下进行牙龈炎评分。使用商用磷光体牙科成像板进行牙科x线摄影。收集上颌、下颌象限口内x线片及颅骨x线片。结果除扁桃体、软腭和咽部检查外，所有刺猬均可在镇静状态下进行大部分口腔检查，并允许进行口内x线摄影。每种刺猬的牙齿配方各不相同，但大多数动物（7/ 12,58%）的牙齿配方为I 3/2， C 1/1, P 3/2, M 3/3。大多数动物（9/12,75%）有牙齿异常，其中上颌象限最明显（9/12,75%）。最明显的口腔异常是结石，在7/12（58%）的动物中可见。5/12（42%）的刺猬存在牙龈炎，且与上颌门牙最相关。结论及临床意义皮下注射阿法沙隆-咪达唑仑可为四趾刺猬提供足够的镇静作用，用于牙科评估和口内x线摄影。在这组刺猬中，结石堆积、牙齿缺失和牙周病是常见的发现。本研究中发现的高牙齿异常率强调了在宠物刺猬中使用化学固定进行定期口腔检查的重要性。口内x线摄影可以像其他宠物一样用于指导临床决策。

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引用次数: 0

Diagnosis and treatment of three leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) with hypovitaminosis A 3只斑豹壁虎维生素A缺乏症的诊断与治疗

IF 0.6 4区农林科学 Q4 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2025.10.001

Brandon J. Louth

Background

Definitive diagnosis of hypovitaminosis A is underperformed in reptiles with minimal understanding of effects of therapies beyond changes in clinical signs.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective review of medical records and plasma retinol diagnostics from a single private veterinary practice from 2023 to 2024, was performed. All leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) cases selected had presentation consistent with hypovitaminosis A, a CBC, biochemistry, fecal, plasma retinol evaluations, and monitored for at least 1 year. Three cases of leopard geckos met the selected criteria.

Results

Two cases showed leukocytosis. All cases had normal biochemistry values. All cases had negative fecal results. One case had a next-generation sequencing positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Another had radiographic findings of a healed fracture in its tail. Initial plasma retinol values of all three cases were below the published reference range. After initial treatment values had increased to 0.11–0.24 µg/mL into reference range 2 days after initial injection. Plasma retinol values decreased 7 days after initial injection to 0.08–0.15 µg/mL. Values at 6 months for all cases were 0.22–0.26 µg/mL and at 1 year 0.21–0.24 µg/mL.

Conclusion and clinical relevance

These cases demonstrate the ability to diagnose, monitor, and treat vitamin A deficiency in leopard geckos. In these cases, an initial IM injection of 66,667 IU/kg of vitamin A followed by weekly injections of 10,000 IU/kg appeared to be safe and effective.

背景：爬行动物维生素A缺乏症的明确诊断不充分，除了临床症状的变化之外，对治疗效果的了解也很少。材料与方法回顾性分析某私人兽医诊所2023年至2024年的医疗记录和血浆视黄醇诊断结果。所有选择的豹壁虎（Eublepharis macularius）病例的表现与维生素缺乏症A一致，CBC，生化，粪便，血浆视黄醇评估，并监测至少1年。3例豹壁虎符合选定标准。结果2例出现白细胞增多。所有病例的生化指标均正常。所有病例大便结果均为阴性。1例铜绿假单胞菌下一代测序阳性。另一只的x线照片显示它的尾巴骨折愈合。三例患者的初始血浆视黄醇值均低于公布的参考范围。初始注射后2天，该数值增加到0.11-0.24µg/mL，进入参考范围。初始注射后7天血浆视黄醇值下降至0.08 ~ 0.15µg/mL。所有病例6个月时的数值为0.22-0.26µg/mL， 1年时为0.21-0.24µg/mL。结论与临床意义这些病例证明了豹壁虎维生素A缺乏症的诊断、监测和治疗能力。在这些病例中，最初注射66,667 IU/kg的维生素A，然后每周注射10,000 IU/kg的维生素A似乎是安全有效的。

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引用次数: 0

AEMV 4Q Newsletter 2025 AEMV第四季度通讯2025

IF 0.6 4区农林科学 Q4 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1053/S1557-5063(25)00107-7

引用次数: 0

Avian & Exotic News 鸟类与异域新闻

IF 0.6 4区农林科学 Q4 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2025.09.004

引用次数: 0

EAAV 3Q Newspage 2025 EAAV 3Q新闻2025

IF 0.6 4区农林科学 Q4 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1053/S1557-5063(25)00111-9

引用次数: 0

Cheilitis secondary to infection with Acinetobacter baumannii in a pet rabbit 宠物兔感染鲍曼不动杆菌继发感染性溃疡

IF 0.6 4区农林科学 Q4 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2025.09.002

Teja Rosa , David Guillier

引用次数: 0

Surgical treatment with adjunctive metronomic chemotherapy of a prostatic adenocarcinoma in a rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) 兔前列腺腺癌的手术治疗及辅助节律化疗

IF 0.6 4区农林科学 Q4 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2025.09.018

Aurélien Castellier , Chloé Vinomack , Anne Girard-Luc , Véronique Mentré

Background

Surgical and medical management of prostatic adenocarcinoma in rabbits are not well documented in the literature.

Case description

An 8-year-old intact male dwarf rabbit was presented for intermittent hematuria confirmed with urinalysis (urine strips). The rabbit showed mild pain on caudal abdominal palpation. A heterogeneous mass attached to the distal bladder and the proximal urethra was identified on abdominal radiographs and ultrasonography as well as some mild urine sludge suggestive of hypercalciuria. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspirations were submitted for bacterial culture and cytology. Culture was negative and cytology was compatible with a proliferation of prostatic epithelial cells. Exploratory laparotomy allowed identification of the prostatic mass adherent to the distal bladder on its dorsal aspect. Partial surgical excision was performed and the mass was sent for pathology which was compatible with a prostatic adenocarcinoma. Recovery was uneventful except for a small caudal abdominal hernia repaired surgically 2 weeks later. The absence of visible extension of the tumor and potential metastatic process was evaluated and confirmed with CT-scan one month after surgery. Metronomic chemotherapy with oral cyclophosphamide 15mg/m² and meloxicam 0.6mg/kg q48h was implemented as adjuvant therapy for 12 months and no signs of recurrence or metastasis were observed after the 12 months of follow-up.

Conclusion and case relevance

This case reports a surgical treatment with adjunctive metronomic chemotherapy of a prostatic adenocarcinoma in a rabbit. Cyclophosphamide in conjunction with meloxicam was well tolerated and without adverse effects and should be considered as adjunctive therapy when incomplete surgical resection is suspected.

背景：家兔前列腺癌的外科和内科治疗在文献中没有很好的记录。病例描述：一只8岁的完整雄性矮兔因间歇性血尿经尿液分析（尿条）证实。家兔尾部腹部触诊有轻度疼痛。腹部x线片和超声检查发现膀胱远端和尿道近端有异质肿块，并发现轻度尿泥，提示高钙尿。超声引导下的细针穿刺进行细菌培养和细胞学检查。培养阴性，细胞学与前列腺上皮细胞增殖一致。剖腹探查可以在远端膀胱背侧发现附着的前列腺肿块。部分手术切除，肿块送病理检查，符合前列腺腺癌。恢复顺利，除了2周后手术修复了一个小的腹尾疝。术后1个月，通过ct扫描评估并确认肿瘤无明显扩展和潜在转移过程。以口服环磷酰胺15mg/m²、美洛昔康0.6mg/kg q48h的节奏化疗辅助治疗12个月，随访12个月无复发转移迹象。结论与病例相关性：本病例报告一例兔前列腺癌的手术治疗与辅助节律化疗。环磷酰胺联合美洛昔康耐受性良好，无不良反应，当怀疑手术切除不完全时应考虑作为辅助治疗。

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引用次数: 0

Comparison of three sedation protocols using midazolam and opioids in domestic ferrets (Mustela Putorius Furo) 咪达唑仑和阿片类药物对家貂镇静方案的比较

IF 0.6 4区农林科学 Q4 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2025.09.017

Jessie Vandenbruggen , Barbara Ambros , Hugues Beaufrère , Isabelle Desprez

Background

Performing routine diagnostic tests in ferrets can be challenging without sedation, and intramuscular injections may be problematic due to their limited muscle mass. This study aimed to achieve moderate sedation levels using subcutaneously administered combinations of opioids and midazolam in ferrets. The effects, quality, and duration of sedation, as well as the cardiovascular and respiratory effects of midazolam in combination with three different opioids, were also evaluated.

Methods

Twelve healthy adult ferrets were used in a randomized, blinded, crossover study. Three sedation protocols were evaluated: MM group with midazolam (0.5 mg/kg SC) and methadone (0.3 mg/kg SC), MB group with midazolam (0.5 mg/kg SC) and butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg SC) and MH group with midazolam (0.5 mg/kg SC) and hydromorphone (0.2 mg/kg SC). Sedation scores and vital parameters were recorded every five minutes.

Results

All 12 ferrets lost their righting reflex in the MB group and 11 out of 12 in the MH group. In the MM group, only 1 out of 12 lost his righting reflex, and for only 2 minutes. The median sedation duration (between loss and return of righting reflex) was 33.5 minutes (4–66) in the MH group and 42 minutes (36–72) in the MB group. MB group had a significantly shorter time to sternal recumbency, lateral recumbency and loss of righting reflex compared to MH group. The heart rate was significantly lower with MB when compared to MH, and MB induced significantly lower respiratory rates compared to both MH and MM. Retching and vomiting were observed in 84% of ferrets in the MH group, 42% in the MM group and 17% in the MB group.

Conclusion and clinical relevance

Subcutaneous administration of midazolam at 0.5 mg/kg in combination with either hydromorphone at 0.2 mg/kg or butorphanol at 0.2 mg/kg achieved moderate sedation. The combination of midazolam and butorphanol used in this study showed fewer side effects and variability in sedation duration, which may make it a more appropriate choice in a clinical setting.

背景：在雪貂中进行常规诊断测试可能具有挑战性，如果没有镇静，并且由于其肌肉量有限，肌肉注射可能会有问题。本研究的目的是在雪貂中使用皮下给药阿片类药物和咪达唑仑的组合来达到中等镇静水平。我们还评估了咪达唑仑与三种不同阿片类药物联合使用的镇静效果、质量、持续时间以及心血管和呼吸作用。方法采用随机、盲法、交叉研究方法，选取12只健康成年雪貂。评估了三种镇静方案：MM组咪达唑仑（0.5 mg/kg SC）和美沙酮（0.3 mg/kg SC）， MB组咪达唑仑（0.5 mg/kg SC）和丁托啡诺（0.2 mg/kg SC）和MH组咪达唑仑（0.5 mg/kg SC）和氢吗啡酮（0.2 mg/kg SC）。每5分钟记录一次镇静评分和重要参数。结果MB组12只雪貂均丧失翻正反射，MH组11只雪貂丧失翻正反射。在MM组中，12人中只有1人失去了翻正反射，而且只持续了2分钟。MH组的中位镇静时间（从翻正反射消失到恢复之间）为33.5分钟（4-66），MB组为42分钟（36-72）。与MH组相比，MB组到胸骨平卧、侧卧时间和翻正反射丧失时间均显著缩短。与MH相比，MB的心率明显降低，MB引起的呼吸频率也明显低于MH和MM。MH组84%的雪貂出现干呕和呕吐，MM组42%，MB组17%。结论及临床意义咪达唑仑（0.5 mg/kg）皮下注射联合氢吗啡酮（0.2 mg/kg）或丁托啡诺（0.2 mg/kg）可达到中度镇静效果。本研究中使用的咪达唑仑和布托啡诺联合使用显示出更少的副作用和镇静持续时间的可变性，这可能使其成为临床环境中更合适的选择。

{"title":"Comparison of three sedation protocols using midazolam and opioids in domestic ferrets (Mustela Putorius Furo)","authors":"Jessie Vandenbruggen , Barbara Ambros , Hugues Beaufrère , Isabelle Desprez","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2025.09.017","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2025.09.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Performing routine diagnostic tests in ferrets can be challenging without sedation, and intramuscular injections may be problematic due to their limited muscle mass. This study aimed to achieve moderate sedation levels using subcutaneously administered combinations of opioids and midazolam in ferrets. The effects, quality, and duration of sedation, as well as the cardiovascular and respiratory effects of midazolam in combination with three different opioids, were also evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twelve healthy adult ferrets were used in a randomized, blinded, crossover study. Three sedation protocols were evaluated: MM group with midazolam (0.5 mg/kg SC) and methadone (0.3 mg/kg SC), MB group with midazolam (0.5 mg/kg SC) and butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg SC) and MH group with midazolam (0.5 mg/kg SC) and hydromorphone (0.2 mg/kg SC). Sedation scores and vital parameters were recorded every five minutes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All 12 ferrets lost their righting reflex in the MB group and 11 out of 12 in the MH group. In the MM group, only 1 out of 12 lost his righting reflex, and for only 2 minutes. The median sedation duration (between loss and return of righting reflex) was 33.5 minutes (4–66) in the MH group and 42 minutes (36–72) in the MB group. MB group had a significantly shorter time to sternal recumbency, lateral recumbency and loss of righting reflex compared to MH group. The heart rate was significantly lower with MB when compared to MH, and MB induced significantly lower respiratory rates compared to both MH and MM. Retching and vomiting were observed in 84% of ferrets in the MH group, 42% in the MM group and 17% in the MB group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion and clinical relevance</h3><div>Subcutaneous administration of midazolam at 0.5 mg/kg in combination with either hydromorphone at 0.2 mg/kg or butorphanol at 0.2 mg/kg achieved moderate sedation. The combination of midazolam and butorphanol used in this study showed fewer side effects and variability in sedation duration, which may make it a more appropriate choice in a clinical setting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Pages 21-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Surgical correction of unilateral entropion in a Syrian hamster 叙利亚仓鼠单侧内翻的手术矫正

IF 0.6 4区农林科学 Q4 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2025.09.001

Audrey Simonian, Giulianna Obeid, Lara Cusack

Background

This case report describes the diagnosis, medical management, and surgical correction of congenital entropion with secondary trichiasis, blepharitis, and conjunctivitis in a 3-month-old male Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus).

Case description

The patient presented with chronic left ocular discharge and eyelid inflammation that persisted despite medical therapy, including topical and systemic antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medications, and environmental modifications. A sedated ocular examination confirmed entropion and trichiasis, which were deemed the primary causes of ongoing ocular irritation. Surgical intervention, utilizing a modified Hotz-Celsus technique, was performed to correct the anatomical defect. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, with resolution of clinical signs and no recurrence observed during follow-up.

Conclusions and case relevance

Based on the literature search described below, this is the first reported case of surgical entropion correction in a Syrian hamster. The case highlights the challenges of diagnosing and managing ophthalmic conditions in small rodents, including limitations in ophthalmic examination, the importance of husbandry modifications, and the risks associated with anesthesia in these species. This report underscores the feasibility of surgical intervention in hamsters when medical management fails and provides insights into the multifactorial etiology of ocular disease in this species. Further research is needed to evaluate long-term outcomes and refine treatment protocols for ophthalmic conditions in hamsters.

本病例报告描述了一只3个月大的雄性叙利亚仓鼠（auratus Mesocricetus）先天性内翻合并继发性倒睫、眼睑炎和结膜炎的诊断、医疗处理和手术矫正。病例描述：患者表现为慢性左眼分泌物和眼睑炎症，尽管药物治疗，包括局部和全身抗生素、抗炎药物和环境改变，但持续存在。镇静眼科检查证实内翻和倒睫，这被认为是持续眼部刺激的主要原因。采用改良的Hotz-Celsus技术进行手术干预以纠正解剖缺陷。术后恢复顺利，临床症状消失，随访中未见复发。结论和病例相关性：根据下面描述的文献检索，这是叙利亚仓鼠手术内翻矫正的第一例报道。该病例强调了诊断和管理小型啮齿动物眼部疾病的挑战，包括眼科检查的局限性、饲养方式调整的重要性以及这些物种麻醉相关的风险。本报告强调了在医疗管理失败时仓鼠手术干预的可行性，并提供了对该物种眼部疾病多因素病因的见解。需要进一步的研究来评估仓鼠眼部疾病的长期结果和完善治疗方案。

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引用次数: 0

Glossitis in four-toed hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris): 7 cases (2003–2023) 四趾刺猬舌炎7例（2003-2023）

IF 0.6 4区农林科学 Q4 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-08-08 DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2025.08.001

Emma Pray , Gretel Tovar-Lopez , Audrey Kastner , Sarah Ozawa , Allison Watson , Anastasia Towe , Miranda J. Sadar

Background

Oral masses are a common finding in four-toed hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris) under human care and are often diagnosed as neoplastic. Benign oral disease has also been reported, including inflammatory lesions of the oral mucosa and gingival hyperplasia. This retrospective study aimed to investigate cases of glossitis in hedgehogs, including signalment, clinical presentation, treatment protocol, and response to treatment.

Methods

Data was collected from three institutions over a 20-year period (October 2003–2023).

Results

A total of 1540 hedgehogs were evaluated during this time frame from all institutions and seven were identified with glossitis (overall prevalence 0.005%). Ages ranged from six months to five years (median 2.27 years), with five male intact, one male castrated, and one female intact animal. Most cases were treated on an emergency basis (6/7, 85.7%), with the most common presenting complaint being oral hemorrhage (5/7, 71.4%). Six cases (85.7%) were either grossly or histopathologically necrotic. Of the five with biopsies performed, all had acute suppurative glossitis, and two had a combination of acute and chronic disease. Treatment protocols with antibiotics and meloxicam were used in 6/7 cases (85.7%), and 4/7 (57.1%) achieved recorded or presumed resolution of clinical signs in two to twelve weeks.

Conclusions

While oral hemorrhage and swelling of the tongue are commonly associated with oral neoplasia in hedgehogs, glossitis with a more favorable outcome should also be included as a differential diagnosis and ruled out with ancillary testing.

背景：在人类照料的四趾刺猬（Atelerix albiventris）中，口部肿块是一种常见的发现，通常被诊断为肿瘤。良性口腔疾病也有报道，包括口腔黏膜炎性病变和牙龈增生。本回顾性研究旨在调查刺猬舌炎的病例，包括信号，临床表现，治疗方案和治疗反应。方法从三个机构收集数据，时间跨度为20年（2003年10月- 2023年10月）。结果在这段时间内，所有机构共评估了1540只刺猬，其中7只被鉴定为舌炎（总患病率为0.005%）。年龄范围从6个月到5岁（中位2.27岁），5只雄性完整，1只雄性阉割，1只雌性完整。大多数病例是急诊（6/7,85.7%），最常见的主诉是口腔出血（5/7,71.4%）。6例（85.7%）为严重或组织病理学坏死。在进行活组织检查的5例患者中，所有患者都患有急性化脓性舌炎，其中2例患有急慢性疾病。6/7例（85.7%）使用抗生素和美洛昔康治疗方案，4/7例（57.1%）在2至12周内达到记录或推定的临床症状缓解。结论：虽然口腔出血和舌头肿胀通常与刺猬的口腔肿瘤有关，但结果更有利的舌炎也应作为鉴别诊断，并通过辅助检查排除。

{"title":"Glossitis in four-toed hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris): 7 cases (2003–2023)","authors":"Emma Pray , Gretel Tovar-Lopez , Audrey Kastner , Sarah Ozawa , Allison Watson , Anastasia Towe , Miranda J. Sadar","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2025.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2025.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Oral masses are a common finding in four-toed hedgehogs (<em>Atelerix albiventris</em>) under human care and are often diagnosed as neoplastic. Benign oral disease has also been reported, including inflammatory lesions of the oral mucosa and gingival hyperplasia. This retrospective study aimed to investigate cases of glossitis in hedgehogs, including signalment, clinical presentation, treatment protocol, and response to treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data was collected from three institutions over a 20-year period (October 2003–2023).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1540 hedgehogs were evaluated during this time frame from all institutions and seven were identified with glossitis (overall prevalence 0.005%). Ages ranged from six months to five years (median 2.27 years), with five male intact, one male castrated, and one female intact animal. Most cases were treated on an emergency basis (6/7, 85.7%), with the most common presenting complaint being oral hemorrhage (5/7, 71.4%). Six cases (85.7%) were either grossly or histopathologically necrotic. Of the five with biopsies performed, all had acute suppurative glossitis, and two had a combination of acute and chronic disease. Treatment protocols with antibiotics and meloxicam were used in 6/7 cases (85.7%), and 4/7 (57.1%) achieved recorded or presumed resolution of clinical signs in two to twelve weeks.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>While oral hemorrhage and swelling of the tongue are commonly associated with oral neoplasia in hedgehogs, glossitis with a more favorable outcome should also be included as a differential diagnosis and ruled out with ancillary testing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Pages 4-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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