Intra-rater reliability and validity of navicular drop test for the assessment of medial longitudinal arch in patients having pronated feet with chronic low back pain

IF 2.3 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI:10.1016/j.cegh.2025.101939

Md Farhan Alam , Saima Zaki , Saurabh Sharma , Mohammed Ghareeb , Shibili Nuhmani

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Abstract

Background

The Navicular Drop (ND) test serves as a diagnostic tool for evaluating foot protonation by measuring the variation in the height of the navicular tuberosity between sitting and standing positions. Pronated feet (PF) are considered to be associated with lower limb injuries and low back pain (LBP). Hence, a highly reliable assessment method for accurately diagnosing foot protonation is essential.

Purpose

This study aimed to explore the intra-rater test-retest reliability, Standard Error of Measurement (SEM), Smallest Detectable Difference (SDD) and validity related to the ND test among patients having PF with chronic low back pain (CLBP).

Methods

Foot protonation was measured using the ND test for both lower limbs on a sample of 45 CLBP patients (16 male, 29 female). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), SEM and SDD values were calculated to obtain reliability and measurement error.

Results

The test-retest reliability of the ND test was found to be good, exhibiting ICC values of 0.89 for the dominant limb and 0.82 for the non-dominant limb. The 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were reported as 0.804 to 0.941 for the dominant limb and 0.672 to 0.901 for the non-dominant limb. The SEM and SDD were 0.94 and 2.62 for the dominant limb, and 1.35 and 3.75 for the non-dominant limb, respectively.

Conclusion

The findings of the study suggested ND test is a reliable method for measuring foot arches, making it applicable in clinical practice to assess patients for foot protonation.

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来源期刊

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-

CiteScore

4.60

自引率

7.70%

发文量

218

审稿时长

66 days

期刊介绍： Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health (CEGH) is a multidisciplinary journal and it is published four times (March, June, September, December) a year. The mandate of CEGH is to promote articles on clinical epidemiology with focus on developing countries in the context of global health. We also accept articles from other countries. It publishes original research work across all disciplines of medicine and allied sciences, related to clinical epidemiology and global health. The journal publishes Original articles, Review articles, Evidence Summaries, Letters to the Editor. All articles published in CEGH are peer-reviewed and published online for immediate access and citation.