Intra-rater reliability and validity of navicular drop test for the assessment of medial longitudinal arch in patients having pronated feet with chronic low back pain

IF 1.7 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-25 DOI:10.1016/j.cegh.2025.101939

Md Farhan Alam , Saima Zaki , Saurabh Sharma , Mohammed Ghareeb , Shibili Nuhmani

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Abstract

Background

The Navicular Drop (ND) test serves as a diagnostic tool for evaluating foot protonation by measuring the variation in the height of the navicular tuberosity between sitting and standing positions. Pronated feet (PF) are considered to be associated with lower limb injuries and low back pain (LBP). Hence, a highly reliable assessment method for accurately diagnosing foot protonation is essential.

Purpose

This study aimed to explore the intra-rater test-retest reliability, Standard Error of Measurement (SEM), Smallest Detectable Difference (SDD) and validity related to the ND test among patients having PF with chronic low back pain (CLBP).

Methods

Foot protonation was measured using the ND test for both lower limbs on a sample of 45 CLBP patients (16 male, 29 female). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), SEM and SDD values were calculated to obtain reliability and measurement error.

Results

The test-retest reliability of the ND test was found to be good, exhibiting ICC values of 0.89 for the dominant limb and 0.82 for the non-dominant limb. The 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were reported as 0.804 to 0.941 for the dominant limb and 0.672 to 0.901 for the non-dominant limb. The SEM and SDD were 0.94 and 2.62 for the dominant limb, and 1.35 and 3.75 for the non-dominant limb, respectively.

Conclusion

The findings of the study suggested ND test is a reliable method for measuring foot arches, making it applicable in clinical practice to assess patients for foot protonation.

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舟形落差试验评估内旋足合并慢性腰痛患者内侧纵弓的信度和效度

背景：舟骨落差（ND）测试是一种通过测量坐姿和站立姿势之间舟骨结节高度变化来评估足质子化的诊断工具。内旋足（PF）被认为与下肢损伤和腰痛（LBP）有关。因此，一个高度可靠的评估方法来准确诊断足部质子化是必不可少的。目的探讨PF合并慢性腰痛（CLBP）患者的内测重测信度、测量标准误差（SEM）、最小可检测差异（SDD）和效度与ND测试的关系。方法对45例CLBP患者（男16例，女29例）进行双下肢足部质子化检测。计算类内相关系数（ICC）、SEM和SDD值，获得信度和测量误差。结果ND检验的重测信度较好，优势肢体的ICC值为0.89，非优势肢体的ICC值为0.82。优势肢95%置信区间（CI）为0.804 ~ 0.941，非优势肢为0.672 ~ 0.901。优势肢的SEM和SDD分别为0.94和2.62，非优势肢的SEM和SDD分别为1.35和3.75。结论本研究结果提示ND试验是一种可靠的足弓测量方法，可用于临床评估患者足部质子化程度。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-

CiteScore

4.60

自引率

7.70%

发文量

218

审稿时长

66 days

期刊介绍： Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health (CEGH) is a multidisciplinary journal and it is published four times (March, June, September, December) a year. The mandate of CEGH is to promote articles on clinical epidemiology with focus on developing countries in the context of global health. We also accept articles from other countries. It publishes original research work across all disciplines of medicine and allied sciences, related to clinical epidemiology and global health. The journal publishes Original articles, Review articles, Evidence Summaries, Letters to the Editor. All articles published in CEGH are peer-reviewed and published online for immediate access and citation.