Insights into the role of fuel structure and blending in soot formation for C1–C4 hydrocarbon flames

IF 5.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Journal of The Energy Institute Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI:10.1016/j.joei.2025.102011

Beibei Yan , Sensen Lu , Shengquan Zhou , Guanyi Chen , Xiaochao Zhu

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Abstract

Soot, a carbonaceous particle formed during the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, not only reduces combustion efficiency but also poses significant risks to human health and the atmospheric environment. The formation of soot is a complex process involving physico-chemical transformations, and variations in fuel structure and fuel blending significantly impact soot production. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of soot formation in C₁–C₄ hydrocarbon fuel flames and the associated influencing factors is crucial for effective soot emission control. This paper systematically reviews the primary mechanisms of soot formation in hydrocarbon flames. It further summarizes the research progress on soot formation during the combustion of C₁–C₄ hydrocarbons, with particular focus on how changes in fuel structure and blending affect soot formation. The influence of carbon chain length and saturation on soot formation is discussed, as well as the synergistic effects of blended fuel combustion. Lastly, the impact of non-hydrocarbon additives (e.g., CO, NH₃/H₂, CO₂/H₂O) on soot formation is examined, highlighting the chemical coupling between hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon components. These findings provide valuable insights for understanding soot formation, optimizing fuel properties, mitigating soot emissions, and advancing cleaner combustion technologies.

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来源期刊

Journal of The Energy Institute 工程技术-能源与燃料

CiteScore

10.60

自引率

5.30%

发文量

166

审稿时长

16 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of the Energy Institute provides peer reviewed coverage of original high quality research on energy, engineering and technology.The coverage is broad and the main areas of interest include: Combustion engineering and associated technologies; process heating; power generation; engines and propulsion; emissions and environmental pollution control; clean coal technologies; carbon abatement technologies Emissions and environmental pollution control; safety and hazards; Clean coal technologies; carbon abatement technologies, including carbon capture and storage, CCS; Petroleum engineering and fuel quality, including storage and transport Alternative energy sources; biomass utilisation and biomass conversion technologies; energy from waste, incineration and recycling Energy conversion, energy recovery and energy efficiency; space heating, fuel cells, heat pumps and cooling systems Energy storage The journal''s coverage reflects changes in energy technology that result from the transition to more efficient energy production and end use together with reduced carbon emission.