Effects of Blighia sapida arils oil consumption on hemoglobin, serum proteins, and some vital organs in Wistar rats

Abstract

The oil extracted from the arils of Blighia sapida is known for its nutritional, therapeutic, and cosmetic benefits. Yet, its safety and impact on blood proteins have not been studied in Togo. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Blighia sapida aril oil on serum proteins, hemoglobin, and overall health in Wistar rats, emphasizing its potential for human consumption. Rats were administered cold-pressed oil from ripe and unripe arils at 1 and 2 mL/kg daily for 15 days. Blood protein profiles were analyzed using capillary electrophoresis. The results revealed that albumin was the predominant serum protein, with no significant differences in α1 and α2-globulin fractions between male and female rats. However, β1, β2, and γ-globulin fractions varied by sex (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio across the treatment groups. Hemoglobin electrophoresis showed typical fractions with no evidence of abnormal hemoglobin forms. Organ examination revealed no structural changes compared to controls, and no fat accumulation in tissues was observed. These findings suggest that Blighia sapida aril oil does not induce toxicity at the tested doses and does not negatively affect blood proteins or organ health. Furthermore, the oil's composition of beneficial fatty acids and potential antioxidant properties makes it a promising candidate for human dietary supplementation. It could contribute to improved fatty acid intake and promote health through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Future research should explore the long-term health benefits of Blighia sapida oil, particularly its role in supporting metabolic health and its potential therapeutic applications in human health.