Influence of multiple factors on the atomization and dust reduction characteristics of internal mixing pneumatic atomization nozzles

Abstract

To investigate the spray and dust reduction characteristics of internal mixing pneumatic atomizers, experiments were conducted using a self-developed atomization angle and droplet size testing platform, along with a dust-fog coupling experimental platform. The results showed that under pneumatic pressures of 0.2–0.4 MPa and water flow rates of 10-16 L/h, the volume median diameter (V₅₀) and Sauter mean diameter (SMD) of the internal mixing pneumatic atomization droplets decreased with increasing pneumatic pressure and increased with rising water flow rates, with pneumatic pressure having a greater effect. At dust movement speeds of 1–3 m/s and aerosol velocities of 2-5 m/s and 5-11 m/s, the highest dust reduction efficiency occurred at droplet sizes of 40-50 μm and 30-40 μm, respectively. Setting the aerosol velocity to 8-11 m/s and the dust velocity to 1 m/s, with the droplet size (SMD) evenly distributed between 20‐ and 40 μm, resulted in effective coupling and settling with dust particles ranging from 0 to 50 μm, achieving the highest dust reduction efficiency. This study offers theoretical and experimental support for the use of internal mixing pneumatic atomization in dust control.