The potential of the water-energy-food nexus approach in advancing the sustainable development goals: A PRISMA-based systematic review

Abstract

Since adopting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, the water-energy-food (WEF) nexus has gained increasing attention for its potential to facilitate the implementation of the SDGs. This research emphasizes the necessity of understanding how studies on the WEF nexus have contributed to advancing these global goals. Although the WEF nexus is recognized as a valuable framework connecting multiple SDGs, a systematic literature review assessing its conceptual and empirical contributions has yet to be conducted. Utilizing the PRISMA protocol, this study reviewed relevant publications from Elsevier’s SCOPUS database, focusing on the years 2015–2024. Out of 200 initially identified articles, 131 met the inclusion criteria, enriching the body of knowledge surrounding SDG implementation through the WEF nexus. A codebook was developed based on SDGs 2, 6, and 7, revealing 11 cross-cutting themes that highlight critical research gaps to be addressed in future studies and policy development. The analysis showed a predominant focus on WEF nexus governance, efficiency, and environmental protection, with less attention given to target populations, affordability, and international cooperation. Moreover, most studies concentrated on developing countries, with limited research from developed or transitional countries. Notably, 79 % of the analyzed literature contributed empirical insights across 124 countries, indicating significant engagement in examining WEF nexus systems in the context of SDG implementation. By synthesizing existing literature, this study advances the understanding of the WEF nexus's role in supporting the SDGs and highlights critical research gaps that should be addressed in future efforts.