Heterogeneous electron transfer on single- and few-layer supported 2D materials

Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) electrode materials are interesting objects for both practical and fundamental electrochemistry due to very low thickness and tunable structure-dependent electrochemical properties which are quite different from metallic electrodes. While the impact of various defects on the electrochemical kinetics of 2D materials is often considered, layering and substrate nature also may influence the reaction rates due to the low thickness of 2D materials. In the present review, we discuss the current understanding of the electrochemical kinetics of 2D electrode materials in terms of the layer number, stacking, and substrate nature. The review covers both experimental and theoretical work on outer-sphere and electrocatalytic reactions such as oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution reaction.