Wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum) preparation facilitates the immunoregulation of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC)

Abstract

Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is the type of breast cancer observed in maximum number for about 75 % of women subjects. We must discover alternative immunotherapeutic tactics with the aid of some non-toxic natural plant-based products because immunotherapeutic approaches, chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery all have some negative effects when used to treat IDC. We used the wheatgrass preparation (WGP) to modulate the immune system in IDC because wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum) may have anti-cancer capabilities. Wheatgrass preparation (WGP) inhibited the activities of T_H17-, Treg-, T_H2- specific cytokines (IL17, IL10, IL4) and transcription factors (FOXP3, GATA3, RORC) while stimulating the activities of T_H1-specific cytokines (IFNγ) and transcription factors (TBX21), according to our ELISA and mRNA results. Additionally, WGP therapy raised BRCA1 and BRCA2 expressions. Our Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and flow cytometry data showed that WGP-treatment enhanced the activities of T_H1-specific transcription factors (T-bet, STAT1), tumor suppressor proteins (p53, BRCA1) on the IFNG and TBX21 gene loci, while decreasing the activities of pro-tumorigenic factors (Notch1, c-Myc) and transcription factors (DNAPKcs, STAT3). According to our flow-cytometry data, WGP therapy enhanced the activity of Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+T cells), which encourage cytotoxicity of cells specific to MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Additionally, it raised the status of CD4+T_H cells. As a result, the current study demonstrated WGP's potential as an immunoregulatory agent, providing an innovative approach for modulating the IDC patients' immune systems.