Photophysical and nonlinear optical properties of carmine encapsulation compared with ionic solutions and environmental polarity

IF 4 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Optical and Quantum Electronics Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI:10.1007/s11082-025-08053-y

Tina Moharer Ahmadi, Soheil Sharifi

{"title":"Photophysical and nonlinear optical properties of carmine encapsulation compared with ionic solutions and environmental polarity","authors":"Tina Moharer Ahmadi, Soheil Sharifi","doi":"10.1007/s11082-025-08053-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>The nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) and nonlinear refractive index (n2) of Carmine Encapsulation (CR-Cap) with H2O/n-heptane/AOT solutions were investigated using a z-scan instrument. The transparent solution is made of water droplets containing carmine (CR), which are uniformly located in the continuous phase of n-heptane. The effects of Cetrimonium bromide (CTAB), NaCl, and NaOH on the β and n2 values of CR in aqueous solution are studied and compared with CR-Cap. The values of β and n2 for the CR-Cap have increased by 9 and 4.4 times, respectively, compared to those in its aqueous solution. The absorbance value and Rayleigh scattering (RS) change with environmental properties, while the optical gap is obtained as a constant 2.1 eV. The encapsulated CR has high RS and β values, which is caused by the increased polarizability of the molecule as a result of encapsulation, while aqueous solutions have low RS and β values. With quantum perturbation calculation, it is demonstrated that encapsulation increases the ground state dipole moment of CR compared to the aqueous solution. CR-Cap can be used as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy or optical devices.</div>","PeriodicalId":720,"journal":{"name":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","volume":"57 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11082-025-08053-y","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

The nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) and nonlinear refractive index (n₂) of Carmine Encapsulation (CR-Cap) with H₂O/n-heptane/AOT solutions were investigated using a z-scan instrument. The transparent solution is made of water droplets containing carmine (CR), which are uniformly located in the continuous phase of n-heptane. The effects of Cetrimonium bromide (CTAB), NaCl, and NaOH on the β and n₂ values of CR in aqueous solution are studied and compared with CR-Cap. The values of β and n₂ for the CR-Cap have increased by 9 and 4.4 times, respectively, compared to those in its aqueous solution. The absorbance value and Rayleigh scattering (RS) change with environmental properties, while the optical gap is obtained as a constant 2.1 eV. The encapsulated CR has high RS and β values, which is caused by the increased polarizability of the molecule as a result of encapsulation, while aqueous solutions have low RS and β values. With quantum perturbation calculation, it is demonstrated that encapsulation increases the ground state dipole moment of CR compared to the aqueous solution. CR-Cap can be used as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy or optical devices.

Abstract Image

查看原文

微信好友朋友圈 QQ好友复制链接

本刊更多论文

胭脂红包封的光物理和非线性光学性质与离子溶液和环境极性的比较

用z扫描仪研究了水/正庚烷/AOT溶液对胭脂红包封（CR-Cap）的非线性吸收系数（β）和非线性折射率（n2）。透明溶液由含有胭脂红（CR）的水滴组成，它们均匀地位于正庚烷的连续相中。研究了西曲溴铵（CTAB）、NaCl和NaOH对CR水溶液中β和n2值的影响，并与CR- cap进行了比较。与CR-Cap水溶液相比，CR-Cap的β和n2值分别提高了9倍和4.4倍。吸光度值和瑞利散射（RS）随环境特性的变化而变化，而光隙为恒定的2.1 eV。包封后的CR具有较高的RS和β值，这是由于包封提高了分子的极化率，而水溶液具有较低的RS和β值。通过量子微扰计算表明，与水溶液相比，包封增加了CR的基态偶极矩。CR-Cap可作为光敏剂用于光动力治疗或光学器件。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文去求助

来源期刊

Optical and Quantum Electronics 工程技术-工程：电子与电气

CiteScore

4.60

自引率

20.00%

发文量

810

审稿时长

3.8 months

期刊介绍： Optical and Quantum Electronics provides an international forum for the publication of original research papers, tutorial reviews and letters in such fields as optical physics, optical engineering and optoelectronics. Special issues are published on topics of current interest. Optical and Quantum Electronics is published monthly. It is concerned with the technology and physics of optical systems, components and devices, i.e., with topics such as: optical fibres; semiconductor lasers and LEDs; light detection and imaging devices; nanophotonics; photonic integration and optoelectronic integrated circuits; silicon photonics; displays; optical communications from devices to systems; materials for photonics (e.g. semiconductors, glasses, graphene); the physics and simulation of optical devices and systems; nanotechnologies in photonics (including engineered nano-structures such as photonic crystals, sub-wavelength photonic structures, metamaterials, and plasmonics); advanced quantum and optoelectronic applications (e.g. quantum computing, memory and communications, quantum sensing and quantum dots); photonic sensors and bio-sensors; Terahertz phenomena; non-linear optics and ultrafast phenomena; green photonics.