Evaluation of spiral-shaped photonic crystal fiber’s performance in nonlinear optical applications

Abstract

A spiral-shaped photonic crystal fiber (SS-PCF) is described in this research report. Here, by using finer mesh, and finite element method (FEM), the fundamental properties of optical transmission, such as nonlinearity (\(\:\gamma\:\)), birefringence (Br), beat length (\(\:{L}_{b}\)), confinement loss (\(\:{L}_{c}\)), numerical aperture (NA), effective mode area (\(\:{A}_{eff}\)) are derived for wavelength range from 0.1\(\:{\upmu\:}\text{m}\) to 1.5 \(\:{\upmu\:}\text{m}.\) Separately employed as core materials, Gallium phosphide (GaP), Graphene, and tellurite exhibit greater performance than that of earlier works. Graphene provides the extremely high nonlinearity of 6.13 × \(\:{10}^{12}\) W^− 1km^− 1, GaP of 3.70 × \(\:{10}^{6}\) W^− 1km^− 1 and tellurite of 3.28 × \(\:{10}^{5}\) W^− 1km^− 1 at 0.1\(\:\:{\upmu\:}\text{m}\). To the best of our knowledge, an SS-PCF is the first to test the performance of numerous ceramic objects in optical nonlinear applications. In actuality, the structure’s evanescent fields aid in the modeling process and display a performance profile with an ultra-high Br of 0.33, an exceptionally high NA of 0.86, and an extremely low \(\:{L}_{c}\) of 1.0 × \(\:{10}^{-5}\) dBm^− 1. All these results might be crucial in biological imaging, sensing, supercontinuum applications, polarization maintenance, optical parameter amplification, and additional nonlinear applications.