A multicriteria framework for assessing energy audit software for low-income households in the United States

Abstract

In the United States, buildings consume 40% of primary energy, a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. This issue is further compounded by the disproportionate burden placed on low-income households, spending three times more (8.6%) of their income on energy compared to non-low-income households. To meet the global net-zero emissions target by 2050, an average annual energy efficiency improvement of 4% is crucial. However, only 1% of U.S. buildings are improved annually. Recognizing the critical role of technology, agencies have implemented energy efficiency programs like the Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP), specifically targeting low-income households. These programs rely on energy auditors who utilize software tools to assess energy performance. However, currently, there is no comprehensive framework for selecting the most suitable software for low-income housing. This paper proposes a novel framework comprising over 50 factors organized under 14 critical criteria to assess energy audit software specifically for low-income households. This framework enables both qualitative and quantitative evaluations, empowering stakeholders to make informed decisions in energy efficiency programs. The framework's originality lies in its tailored focus on the unique needs of low-income housing, offering a valuable tool for software developers and program administrators alike. This framework’s significance is in its ability to provide a systematic approach to assessing software options, ultimately contributing to improved energy efficiency and reduced energy costs for low-income households. Moreover, the framework considers important aspects of low-income living which are often ignored such as the non-energy impact on health, safety and comfort.