The PASS method: Ecologically valid scaling for intergroup relations research

Abstract

Intergroup relations research remains characterised by a lack of ecological validity, particularly when different groups are studied. In this paper, we present the PASS Method for ecologically valid scaling, illustrating its efficacy via a study on Arab-Maltese relations in Malta (EU). The PASS Method proceeds as follows: (1) A relevant Project (e.g., intercultural integration) is identified; (2) Argumentation on the project, by relevant groups, is analysed; (3) Scaling is pursued via expert ranking of items generated from the groups' arguments on the project, resulting in a self-positioning scale and an other-positioning scale relative to the same project; and (4) A Survey is distributed among the groups, asking participants for their own views (self-positioning) and for their views on what the other group thinks (other-positioning) on the project. We illustrate the PASS method by presenting scales built on the basis of Maltese and Arab arguments on the project of integration. Following item generation and scale validity and reliability tests, comparisons of Maltese and Arab distributions for the respective scales and single items are presented. We conclude by making critical recommendations for intergroup relations research and the application of PASS in community settings.