Mannitol Induces Mercury Tolerance in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) Through Improved Growth, Photosynthetic Efficiency, and Antioxidant Activity

IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Food and Energy Security Pub Date : 2025-01-26 DOI:10.1002/fes3.70055
Busra Arikan Abdulveli
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Abstract

Mercury (Hg) is a hazardous heavy metal that disrupts plant growth and metabolism, posing significant risks to agriculture and human health. The widespread use of Hg in industrial activities and agricultural chemicals has exacerbated Hg contamination in soil and water, resulting in severe phytotoxic effects on crops, including lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). This study explores the potential of mannitol, an osmolyte known for its protective properties, to mitigate Hg-induced stress in lettuce. Lettuce plants were exposed to Hg stress (10 mg L−1) and treated with foliar applications of mannitol (15 mM) to assess its impact on growth, photosynthetic performance, and oxidative stress responses. Under Hg stress, lettuce exhibited a significant reduction in relative growth rate (RGR) by 31% and relative water content (RWC) by 20%. However, mannitol treatment enhanced RGR by 18% and improved RWC by 13% in Hg-stressed plants. Nutrient analysis revealed that mannitol treatment restored K, Fe, Mn, and Zn levels, which were otherwise depleted by Hg exposure. Photosynthetic parameters were adversely affected by Hg, with a 62% reduction in carbon assimilation rate (A). Mannitol treatment partially recovered A by 55% and improved PSII photochemistry, including Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo. Mannitol also moderated oxidative stress indicators, evidenced by decreased H2O2 and lipid peroxidation levels, and enhanced the activities of key antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), and catalase (CAT). The results indicate that mannitol treatment significantly alleviates Hg-induced phytotoxicity in lettuce by improving growth, enhancing photosynthetic efficiency, and modulating oxidative stress responses. This study highlights the potential of mannitol as a viable strategy for mitigating Hg pollution effects, offering new insights into its application for improving crop resilience under heavy metal stress.

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来源期刊
Food and Energy Security
Food and Energy Security Energy-Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
CiteScore
9.30
自引率
4.00%
发文量
76
审稿时长
19 weeks
期刊介绍: Food and Energy Security seeks to publish high quality and high impact original research on agricultural crop and forest productivity to improve food and energy security. It actively seeks submissions from emerging countries with expanding agricultural research communities. Papers from China, other parts of Asia, India and South America are particularly welcome. The Editorial Board, headed by Editor-in-Chief Professor Martin Parry, is determined to make FES the leading publication in its sector and will be aiming for a top-ranking impact factor. Primary research articles should report hypothesis driven investigations that provide new insights into mechanisms and processes that determine productivity and properties for exploitation. Review articles are welcome but they must be critical in approach and provide particularly novel and far reaching insights. Food and Energy Security offers authors a forum for the discussion of the most important advances in this field and promotes an integrative approach of scientific disciplines. Papers must contribute substantially to the advancement of knowledge. Examples of areas covered in Food and Energy Security include: • Agronomy • Biotechnological Approaches • Breeding & Genetics • Climate Change • Quality and Composition • Food Crops and Bioenergy Feedstocks • Developmental, Physiology and Biochemistry • Functional Genomics • Molecular Biology • Pest and Disease Management • Post Harvest Biology • Soil Science • Systems Biology
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