A narrative review on the role of cognition, nutrition and energy availability in athletes of competitive sports to combat RED-S.

IF 2.4 3区生物学 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES PeerJ Pub Date : 2025-01-31 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.7717/peerj.18849

Subalatha M, Dhanush Rachaveti, Amutha S, Ponpandi M

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Abstract

Background: In the present scenario, competitive sports require athletes to achieve a phenomenal balance between cognitive abilities, motor skills, nutritional intake, and energy deficiencies. Such stability would enable the athletes to excel in their sporting field. Evidence shows that athletes develop specific cognitive abilities based on their sporting field. Nutrition is vital in creating an athlete's cognitive ability and physical needs required to participate in competitive sports. The reduction in the intake of nutrients required before, after and during sports participation could result in relative energy deficiency in sports (RED-S), affecting the parts of the body.

Methods: The rationale behind the survey is to understand the role of nutrition and energy deficiency on the athletes' cognitive abilities. The review's research areas were identified as athletes' cognition and nutrition in the context of RED-S. Search keywords were found based on the research area, such as "cognitive", "nutrition", and "energy deficiency/availability" in athletes. The search keywords were combined to form search queries (SQs). SQs were used to carry out the search on the Web of Science and Scopus databases.

Results: Sports play an important role in athletes' cognitive abilities, such as decision-making, attention, memory, etc. Nutritional intakes, such as caffeinated, carbohydrate, alkaline, and protein-based supplements and diets, also significantly affect athletes' cognitive and motor abilities. Low energy availability (LEA) causes cognitive and physical health problems in both female and male athletes.

Conclusion: The review identified that nutrition and LEA play crucial roles in athletes' cognitive performance. Deficits in nutritional intake and energy availability lead to RED-S. Hence, cognitive performance could be used as an early indication to identify the nutritional and energy deficits in advance, enabling athletes to combat RED-S.

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竞技体育运动员认知、营养和能量可得性在对抗RED-S中的作用述评

背景：在目前的情况下，竞技体育要求运动员在认知能力、运动技能、营养摄入和能量缺乏之间达到惊人的平衡。这种稳定性将使运动员在他们的运动领域脱颖而出。有证据表明，运动员根据他们的运动领域发展特定的认知能力。营养对于培养运动员参加竞技运动所需的认知能力和身体需求至关重要。运动前、运动后、运动期间所需营养素摄入量的减少，会导致运动中相对能量不足（RED-S），影响身体各部位。方法：调查的目的是了解营养和能量缺乏对运动员认知能力的影响。本综述的研究领域确定为RED-S背景下的运动员认知和营养。根据研究领域找到搜索关键词，如运动员的“认知”、“营养”和“能量缺乏/可用性”。将搜索关键字组合成搜索查询（SQs）。SQs在Web of Science和Scopus数据库中进行检索。结果：运动对运动员的决策、注意、记忆等认知能力有重要影响。营养摄入，如含咖啡因、碳水化合物、碱性和蛋白质的补充剂和饮食，也会显著影响运动员的认知和运动能力。低能量可用性（LEA）会导致男女运动员的认知和身体健康问题。结论：营养和LEA对运动员的认知表现起着至关重要的作用。营养摄入和能量供应不足导致RED-S。因此，认知表现可以作为提前识别营养和能量不足的早期指标，使运动员能够对抗RED-S。

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来源期刊

PeerJ MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES-

CiteScore

4.70

自引率

3.70%

发文量

1665

审稿时长

10 weeks

期刊介绍： PeerJ is an open access peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research in the biological and medical sciences. At PeerJ, authors take out a lifetime publication plan (for as little as $99) which allows them to publish articles in the journal for free, forever. PeerJ has 5 Nobel Prize Winners on the Board; they have won several industry and media awards; and they are widely recognized as being one of the most interesting recent developments in academic publishing.