{"title":"Botulinum toxin for Essential tremor.","authors":"Kartika Gulati, Sanjay Pandey","doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108273","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Essential tremor is one of the most common causes of action tremors, involving bilateral upper limbs, with or without tremor in other body regions such as the head, voice, or lower limbs. Pharmacotherapy is the first-line treatment for essential limb tremor; however, a significant number of patients fail to achieve adequate improvement with medical management. Therapeutic options, such as deep brain stimulation, lesioning surgeries, or magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound, are more invasive and carry inherent risks. Thus, botulinum toxin serves as an important alternative for managing medically resistant essential limb tremors and is considered clinically useful. Axial symptoms of essential tremor such as head or voice tremors rarely respond to medical management, making botulinum toxin a key therapeutic option in their management, despite safety concerns of weakness. This review aims to explore these considerations by examining existing literature on the application of botulinum toxin for essential limb, head, and voice tremors.</p>","PeriodicalId":23289,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon","volume":" ","pages":"108273"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Toxicon","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108273","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Essential tremor is one of the most common causes of action tremors, involving bilateral upper limbs, with or without tremor in other body regions such as the head, voice, or lower limbs. Pharmacotherapy is the first-line treatment for essential limb tremor; however, a significant number of patients fail to achieve adequate improvement with medical management. Therapeutic options, such as deep brain stimulation, lesioning surgeries, or magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound, are more invasive and carry inherent risks. Thus, botulinum toxin serves as an important alternative for managing medically resistant essential limb tremors and is considered clinically useful. Axial symptoms of essential tremor such as head or voice tremors rarely respond to medical management, making botulinum toxin a key therapeutic option in their management, despite safety concerns of weakness. This review aims to explore these considerations by examining existing literature on the application of botulinum toxin for essential limb, head, and voice tremors.
期刊介绍：
Toxicon has an open access mirror Toxicon: X, sharing the same aims and scope, editorial team, submission system and rigorous peer review. An introductory offer Toxicon: X - full waiver of the Open Access fee.
Toxicon''s "aims and scope" are to publish:
-articles containing the results of original research on problems related to toxins derived from animals, plants and microorganisms
-papers on novel findings related to the chemical, pharmacological, toxicological, and immunological properties of natural toxins
-molecular biological studies of toxins and other genes from poisonous and venomous organisms that advance understanding of the role or function of toxins
-clinical observations on poisoning and envenoming where a new therapeutic principle has been proposed or a decidedly superior clinical result has been obtained.
-material on the use of toxins as tools in studying biological processes and material on subjects related to venom and antivenom problems.
-articles on the translational application of toxins, for example as drugs and insecticides
-epidemiological studies on envenoming or poisoning, so long as they highlight a previously unrecognised medical problem or provide insight into the prevention or medical treatment of envenoming or poisoning. Retrospective surveys of hospital records, especially those lacking species identification, will not be considered for publication. Properly designed prospective community-based surveys are strongly encouraged.
-articles describing well-known activities of venoms, such as antibacterial, anticancer, and analgesic activities of arachnid venoms, without any attempt to define the mechanism of action or purify the active component, will not be considered for publication in Toxicon.
-review articles on problems related to toxinology.
To encourage the exchange of ideas, sections of the journal may be devoted to Short Communications, Letters to the Editor and activities of the affiliated societies.
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