{"title":"Super Tough Anti-freezing and Antibacterial Hydrogel With Multi-crosslinked Network for Flexible Strain Sensor","authors":"Huimin Liu, Shiqiang Guan, Pengwei Wang, Xufeng Dong","doi":"10.1002/smll.202407870","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Addressing the diverse environmental demands for electronic material performance, the design of a multifunctional ionic conductive hydrogel with mechanical flexibility, anti-freezing capability, and antibacterial characteristics represents an optimal solution. Leveraging the Dead Sea effect and the strong hydrogen bonding, this study exploits the CaCl<sub>2</sub> and the abundant hydroxyl groups in phytic acid (PA) to induce chain entanglements, thereby constructing a complex, multi-crosslinked network. Furthermore, PA and ternary solvent systems (CaCl<sub>2</sub>/Glycerol/H<sub>2</sub>O) synergistically impart excellent mechanical strength, toughness (with tensile strength of 8.93 MPa, elongation at break of 859.93%, and toughness of 39.92 MJ m<sup>−3</sup>), high electrical conductivity, antifreeze capability, antibacterial properties, and high strain sensitivity (gauge factor up to 2.10) to the hydrogels. Remarkably, the hydrogel structure maintains stability even after undergoing 6000 loading-unloading cycles, demonstrating its outstanding fatigue resistance. Upon receiving external stimuli, the hydrogel exhibits a response time of 126 ms, making it ideal for the dynamic monitoring of human motion signals. This study offers novel insight into the potential application of ionic conductive hydrogels as flexible sensors in challenging environments.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Small","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202407870","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Addressing the diverse environmental demands for electronic material performance, the design of a multifunctional ionic conductive hydrogel with mechanical flexibility, anti-freezing capability, and antibacterial characteristics represents an optimal solution. Leveraging the Dead Sea effect and the strong hydrogen bonding, this study exploits the CaCl2 and the abundant hydroxyl groups in phytic acid (PA) to induce chain entanglements, thereby constructing a complex, multi-crosslinked network. Furthermore, PA and ternary solvent systems (CaCl2/Glycerol/H2O) synergistically impart excellent mechanical strength, toughness (with tensile strength of 8.93 MPa, elongation at break of 859.93%, and toughness of 39.92 MJ m−3), high electrical conductivity, antifreeze capability, antibacterial properties, and high strain sensitivity (gauge factor up to 2.10) to the hydrogels. Remarkably, the hydrogel structure maintains stability even after undergoing 6000 loading-unloading cycles, demonstrating its outstanding fatigue resistance. Upon receiving external stimuli, the hydrogel exhibits a response time of 126 ms, making it ideal for the dynamic monitoring of human motion signals. This study offers novel insight into the potential application of ionic conductive hydrogels as flexible sensors in challenging environments.
期刊介绍:
Small serves as an exceptional platform for both experimental and theoretical studies in fundamental and applied interdisciplinary research at the nano- and microscale. The journal offers a compelling mix of peer-reviewed Research Articles, Reviews, Perspectives, and Comments.
With a remarkable 2022 Journal Impact Factor of 13.3 (Journal Citation Reports from Clarivate Analytics, 2023), Small remains among the top multidisciplinary journals, covering a wide range of topics at the interface of materials science, chemistry, physics, engineering, medicine, and biology.
Small's readership includes biochemists, biologists, biomedical scientists, chemists, engineers, information technologists, materials scientists, physicists, and theoreticians alike.