Shichao Jiang, Gaowei Li, Mei Yang, Borui Su, Jiamei Xiao, Jie Ding, Dan Wei, Jing Sun, Chengheng Wu, Hongsong Fan
Bacterial infections and tumor tissues are characterized by complex microenvironments with uneven oxygen availability. Effective photodynamic therapy for these conditions requires photosensitizers that can perform optimally within such environments, specifically by generating both type I and II reactive oxygen species (ROS) simultaneously. Carbon dots (CDs), a type of fluorescent nanomaterial smaller than 10 nm, are commonly used to treat bacterial infections and tumors. However, their current limitations, such as short maximum absorption and emission wavelengths, significantly restrict their therapeutic efficacy in deep tissues. In response to these challenges, a new type of fluorescent carbon dots with near-infrared (NIR) absorption and emission properties is reported, featuring a maximum emission peak beyond 700 nm (NIR-I region). These CDs offer strong tissue penetration and reduced tissue absorption advantages. Additionally, bromine atom doping significantly enhances the generation of type I and II ROS through efficient photodynamic processes. In vitro studies demonstrated their high photodynamic efficacy in antibacterial and antitumor applications. Ultimately, these findings translate into significant therapeutic effectiveness for treating skin infections and tumors in vivo. This study employs bromine-doped CDs nanomaterials, which demonstrate maximum fluorescence emission in the NIR region, to achieve efficient photodynamic treatment of bacterial infections and tumor ablation in complex microenvironments.
{"title":"Near-infrared Emission Carbon Dots Derived from Bromo-Substituted Perylene Derivatives with Simultaneously High Type I/II ROS Generation for Effective Bacterial Elimination and Tumor Ablation","authors":"Shichao Jiang, Gaowei Li, Mei Yang, Borui Su, Jiamei Xiao, Jie Ding, Dan Wei, Jing Sun, Chengheng Wu, Hongsong Fan","doi":"10.1002/smll.202408717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202408717","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial infections and tumor tissues are characterized by complex microenvironments with uneven oxygen availability. Effective photodynamic therapy for these conditions requires photosensitizers that can perform optimally within such environments, specifically by generating both type I and II reactive oxygen species (ROS) simultaneously. Carbon dots (CDs), a type of fluorescent nanomaterial smaller than 10 nm, are commonly used to treat bacterial infections and tumors. However, their current limitations, such as short maximum absorption and emission wavelengths, significantly restrict their therapeutic efficacy in deep tissues. In response to these challenges, a new type of fluorescent carbon dots with near-infrared (NIR) absorption and emission properties is reported, featuring a maximum emission peak beyond 700 nm (NIR-I region). These CDs offer strong tissue penetration and reduced tissue absorption advantages. Additionally, bromine atom doping significantly enhances the generation of type I and II ROS through efficient photodynamic processes. In vitro studies demonstrated their high photodynamic efficacy in antibacterial and antitumor applications. Ultimately, these findings translate into significant therapeutic effectiveness for treating skin infections and tumors in vivo. This study employs bromine-doped CDs nanomaterials, which demonstrate maximum fluorescence emission in the NIR region, to achieve efficient photodynamic treatment of bacterial infections and tumor ablation in complex microenvironments.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143435780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Keqin Tang, Xiaokai Pan, Zhuo Dong, Liu Yang, Dong Wang, Xingang Hou, Pengdong Wang, Yong Fang, Junyong Wang, Lin Wang, Kai Zhang
Low‐dimensional topological materials merge the benefits of reduced dimensionality with the nontrivial topological phases, garnering significant attention as promising candidates for next‐generation optoelectronic devices. The quasi‐1D nodal‐line semimetal NbNiTe5 showcases distinct in‐plane anisotropy alongside robust Dirac nodal‐line points, rendering it a fascinating platform for exploring the intricate interplay between novel quantum states of matter and low‐energy radiation. Here, sensitive and anisotropic terahertz photodetection driven by Dirac fermions and the intrinsic anisotropic properties of NbNiTe5 are presented. Leveraging the enhanced carrier transport characteristics derived from nontrivial band topology, room‐temperature responsivity of 1.36 A W−1, noise equivalent power of 5.31 × 10−11 W Hz−1/2 as well as fast photoresponse speed of 4.5 µs are achieved. The exceptionally high anisotropic photoresponse ratio of 84 highlights the potential for improving the performance of polarization‐sensitive photodetectors. This work is crucial for advancing the understanding of nontrivial topology and the development of terahertz photodetector technologies.
低维拓扑材料融合了降维与非复杂拓扑相的优点，作为下一代光电器件的候选材料备受关注。准一维节点线半金属 NbNiTe5 具有明显的面内各向异性和强健的狄拉克节点线点，使其成为探索新型物质量子态与低能辐射之间错综复杂相互作用的迷人平台。本文介绍了由狄拉克费米子和 NbNiTe5 固有各向异性驱动的灵敏且各向异性的太赫兹光电探测。利用非三维带拓扑结构带来的增强载流子传输特性，该器件实现了 1.36 A W-1 的室温响应率、5.31 × 10-11 W Hz-1/2 的噪声等效功率以及 4.5 µs 的快速光响应速度。84 的超高各向异性光响应比凸显了提高偏振敏感光电探测器性能的潜力。这项工作对于促进对非微观拓扑结构的理解和太赫兹光电探测器技术的发展至关重要。
{"title":"Sensitive and Anisotropic Room‐Temperature Terahertz Photodetection in Quasi‐1D Nodal‐Line Semimetal NbNiTe5","authors":"Keqin Tang, Xiaokai Pan, Zhuo Dong, Liu Yang, Dong Wang, Xingang Hou, Pengdong Wang, Yong Fang, Junyong Wang, Lin Wang, Kai Zhang","doi":"10.1002/smll.202410701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202410701","url":null,"abstract":"Low‐dimensional topological materials merge the benefits of reduced dimensionality with the nontrivial topological phases, garnering significant attention as promising candidates for next‐generation optoelectronic devices. The quasi‐1D nodal‐line semimetal NbNiTe<jats:sub>5</jats:sub> showcases distinct in‐plane anisotropy alongside robust Dirac nodal‐line points, rendering it a fascinating platform for exploring the intricate interplay between novel quantum states of matter and low‐energy radiation. Here, sensitive and anisotropic terahertz photodetection driven by Dirac fermions and the intrinsic anisotropic properties of NbNiTe<jats:sub>5</jats:sub> are presented. Leveraging the enhanced carrier transport characteristics derived from nontrivial band topology, room‐temperature responsivity of 1.36 A W<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, noise equivalent power of 5.31 × 10<jats:sup>−11</jats:sup> W Hz<jats:sup>−1/2</jats:sup> as well as fast photoresponse speed of 4.5 µs are achieved. The exceptionally high anisotropic photoresponse ratio of 84 highlights the potential for improving the performance of polarization‐sensitive photodetectors. This work is crucial for advancing the understanding of nontrivial topology and the development of terahertz photodetector technologies.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143435404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yongchao Zhu, Liyang Qin, Mingyuan Yang, Zhicheng Shi, Hongxuan Chen, Na Wen, Ying Wang, Jinlin Long, Shitong Han, Mu Zhu, Hailing Xi
The persistent threats posed by toxic chemical warfare agents (CWAs) such as mustard gas (bis(2‐chloroethyl) sulfide, HD) and bacterial contaminants demand the development of innovative, sustainable mitigation strategies. Photocatalytic processes that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) offer a promising dual‐functional approach for both chemical detoxification and antibacterial defense. In this study, two structurally analogous covalent organic frameworks (COFs), BPY‐COF and BD‐COF, are synthesized using benzotrithiophene as the donor unit paired with bipyridine and biphenyl, respectively. These COFs exhibit high crystallinity, broad‐spectrum light absorption, and efficient charge carrier transport, with BPY‐COF demonstrating superior performance due to the incorporation of heteroatoms. BPY‐COF achieved ultrafast detoxification of the mustard gas simulant 2‐chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) with a half‐life of 35 min and 100% selectivity for 2‐chloroethyl sulfoxide (CEESO) under white LED light, outperforming BD‐COF. Additionally, electrospun composite fibers containing 40 wt.% BPY‐COF maintained comparable CEES degradation rates and exhibited over 99% antibacterial efficiency against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis within 60 min. These findings highlight the potential of BPY‐COF as a multifunctional photocatalyst for integrated applications in chemical detoxification and antibacterial defense, addressing critical challenges in public health and safety.
{"title":"Dual‐Functional Benzotrithiophene‐Based Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Detoxification of Mustard Gas Simulants and Antibacterial Defense","authors":"Yongchao Zhu, Liyang Qin, Mingyuan Yang, Zhicheng Shi, Hongxuan Chen, Na Wen, Ying Wang, Jinlin Long, Shitong Han, Mu Zhu, Hailing Xi","doi":"10.1002/smll.202412118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202412118","url":null,"abstract":"The persistent threats posed by toxic chemical warfare agents (CWAs) such as mustard gas (bis(2‐chloroethyl) sulfide, HD) and bacterial contaminants demand the development of innovative, sustainable mitigation strategies. Photocatalytic processes that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) offer a promising dual‐functional approach for both chemical detoxification and antibacterial defense. In this study, two structurally analogous covalent organic frameworks (COFs), BPY‐COF and BD‐COF, are synthesized using benzotrithiophene as the donor unit paired with bipyridine and biphenyl, respectively. These COFs exhibit high crystallinity, broad‐spectrum light absorption, and efficient charge carrier transport, with BPY‐COF demonstrating superior performance due to the incorporation of heteroatoms. BPY‐COF achieved ultrafast detoxification of the mustard gas simulant 2‐chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) with a half‐life of 35 min and 100% selectivity for 2‐chloroethyl sulfoxide (CEESO) under white LED light, outperforming BD‐COF. Additionally, electrospun composite fibers containing 40 wt.% BPY‐COF maintained comparable CEES degradation rates and exhibited over 99% antibacterial efficiency against <jats:italic>Escherichia coli</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis</jats:italic> within 60 min. These findings highlight the potential of BPY‐COF as a multifunctional photocatalyst for integrated applications in chemical detoxification and antibacterial defense, addressing critical challenges in public health and safety.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143435365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ye Xiao, Zhongtong Luo, Zhanxiong Qiu, Yanwei Liang, Wei Gao, Mengmeng Yang, Yu Zhao, Zhaoqiang Zheng, Jiandong Yao, Jingbo Li
Taking advantage of their unparalleled electrostatic and optoelectronic properties, 2D layered materials (2DLMs) have emerged as alluring building blocks for crafting advanced photodetectors. Nevertheless, preceding research has predominantly concentrated on rudimentary designs incorporating single-channel or single-junction setups, failing to exert the full potency of 2DLMs. Therefore, there is still an imperative requirement to develop innovative device architectures grounded in novel physical mechanisms. Herein, a T-In2Se3/M-WS2/B-WSe2 heterojunction photodetector boasting pronounced gate-tunability is devised, achieving remarkable light on/off ratio of 5.8 × 104 and detectivity of 1.1 × 1013 Jones at Vgs = −25 V, alongside competitive responsivity and gain of 633 A W−1 and 1943 at Vgs = 30 V. Energy band analysis has determined that the former is associated with the synergy of the cascaded band alignment and the high degree of depletion effect, while the latter is ascribed to the intermediate electron reservoir enabling high-efficiency spacial separation of photoexcited electron−hole pairs. Leveraging this device as the pivotal sensing component, proof-of-concept applications spanning broadband optoelectronic imaging and automatic driving are demonstrated. This study presents a novel paradigm for constructing 2DLM-based photodetectors with outstanding comprehensive performance, thereby establishing a fascinating platform capable of catering to the diverse demands of next-generation optoelectronic industry.
{"title":"Advanced T-In2Se3/M-WS2/B-WSe2 Photodetectors Enabled by Cascaded Band Tailoring and Charge Reservoir Engineering","authors":"Ye Xiao, Zhongtong Luo, Zhanxiong Qiu, Yanwei Liang, Wei Gao, Mengmeng Yang, Yu Zhao, Zhaoqiang Zheng, Jiandong Yao, Jingbo Li","doi":"10.1002/smll.202409843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202409843","url":null,"abstract":"Taking advantage of their unparalleled electrostatic and optoelectronic properties, 2D layered materials (2DLMs) have emerged as alluring building blocks for crafting advanced photodetectors. Nevertheless, preceding research has predominantly concentrated on rudimentary designs incorporating single-channel or single-junction setups, failing to exert the full potency of 2DLMs. Therefore, there is still an imperative requirement to develop innovative device architectures grounded in novel physical mechanisms. Herein, a T-In<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>/M-WS<sub>2</sub>/B-WSe<sub>2</sub> heterojunction photodetector boasting pronounced gate-tunability is devised, achieving remarkable light on/off ratio of 5.8 × 10<sup>4</sup> and detectivity of 1.1 × 10<sup>13</sup> Jones at <i>V</i><sub>gs</sub> = −25 V, alongside competitive responsivity and gain of 633 A W<sup>−1</sup> and 1943 at <i>V</i><sub>gs</sub> = 30 V. Energy band analysis has determined that the former is associated with the synergy of the cascaded band alignment and the high degree of depletion effect, while the latter is ascribed to the intermediate electron reservoir enabling high-efficiency spacial separation of photoexcited electron−hole pairs. Leveraging this device as the pivotal sensing component, proof-of-concept applications spanning broadband optoelectronic imaging and automatic driving are demonstrated. This study presents a novel paradigm for constructing 2DLM-based photodetectors with outstanding comprehensive performance, thereby establishing a fascinating platform capable of catering to the diverse demands of next-generation optoelectronic industry.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143435784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xu Zhang, Zhujun Wang, Yi Huang, Nicholas Kai Shiang Teo, Yexi Mo, Tina Hsia, Jianjun Guo, Min Shao, Jianzhong Shao, San H. Thang
Liquid Photonic Crystals (LPCs) represent a distinctive category of photonic materials that merges the ordered structure of colloidal photonic crystals with the dynamic nature of liquids, allowing for flexibility in tuning their assembly and optical properties in response to external stimuli. However, the requirement of high solid content and high stability of these LPCs continue to pose a significant challenge in their controlled synthesis, efficient assembly, and system stabilization. Herein, highly charged poly (acrylic acid)-b-polystyrene (PAA-b-PS) colloidal nanospheres are synthesized using RAFT-mediated emulsion polymerization. Under the hydration and electrostatic interactions induced by selected polymeric inducers, PAA-b-PS colloidal nanospheres with a uniform carboxylate anion surface are synthesized, capable of forming iridescent LPCs at an overall low solid content (20 wt%) containing localized areas of high solid content. Furthermore, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), one of the polymeric inducers, undergoes photosensitive modification to facilitate the digital light processing (DLP) 3D printed LPCs hydrogel models. This strategy offers innovative approaches for the synthesis, assembly, and 3D-printed LPC materials, promising applications in smart displays, sensory systems, and optical devices.
{"title":"Synergistic Hydrophilic and Electrostatic Induction for Liquid Photonic Crystals of Poly (Acrylic Acid)-block-Polystyrene Colloidal Nanospheres From RAFT-Mediated Emulsion Polymerization","authors":"Xu Zhang, Zhujun Wang, Yi Huang, Nicholas Kai Shiang Teo, Yexi Mo, Tina Hsia, Jianjun Guo, Min Shao, Jianzhong Shao, San H. Thang","doi":"10.1002/smll.202410729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202410729","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid Photonic Crystals (LPCs) represent a distinctive category of photonic materials that merges the ordered structure of colloidal photonic crystals with the dynamic nature of liquids, allowing for flexibility in tuning their assembly and optical properties in response to external stimuli. However, the requirement of high solid content and high stability of these LPCs continue to pose a significant challenge in their controlled synthesis, efficient assembly, and system stabilization. Herein, highly charged poly (acrylic acid)-<i>b</i>-polystyrene (PAA-<i>b</i>-PS) colloidal nanospheres are synthesized using RAFT-mediated emulsion polymerization. Under the hydration and electrostatic interactions induced by selected polymeric inducers, PAA-<i>b</i>-PS colloidal nanospheres with a uniform carboxylate anion surface are synthesized, capable of forming iridescent LPCs at an overall low solid content (20 wt%) containing localized areas of high solid content. Furthermore, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), one of the polymeric inducers, undergoes photosensitive modification to facilitate the digital light processing (DLP) 3D printed LPCs hydrogel models. This strategy offers innovative approaches for the synthesis, assembly, and 3D-printed LPC materials, promising applications in smart displays, sensory systems, and optical devices.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143435788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the sensing field, the electronic structure of sensing materials has a great influence on the properties of the sensors. Here, by Ga doping pure rhombohedral In2O3 (h‐In2O3), the double‐phase In2O3 (cubic/rhombohedral In2O3, c/h‐In2O3) porous nanospheres are obtained. And then Micro Electromechanical System (MEMS) gas sensors based on monolayer film are further fabricated by self‐assembling the above nanospheres. The 5% Ga‐doped In2O3 sensors exhibit excellent HCHO sensing performance with a high‐response (110.6@100 ppm), rapid response/recovery time (5.2/18.4 s) and low limit of detection (50 ppb) at an operating temperature of 180 °C. The 5% Ga‐doped In2O3 sensors also show high consistency (fluctuations of only 8.3%). Besides, a handheld device is developed to enable real‐time monitoring and early warning of indoor HCHO at ppb‐level. Based on experimental results and DFT theoretical calculation, the enhanced sensing mechanism is revealed, which is correlated with the optimization of electronic band structure by Ga doping and the appearance of double‐phase heterostructures caused by Ga doping. Therefore, the relationship between electronic structure and gas sensing properties has also been established. This work significantly introduces a novel approach for the mass production of MEMS gas sensors, ensuring high sensitivity, repeatability and consistency.
{"title":"Double‐Phase Ga‐Doped In2O3 Nanospheres and Their Self‐Assembled Monolayer Film for Ultrasensitive HCHO MEMS Gas Sensors","authors":"Yanlin Zhang, Changming Zhang, Zheng Zhang, Huakang Zong, Pengwei Tan, Liyang Luo, Yuanyuan Luo, Guotao Duan","doi":"10.1002/smll.202411422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202411422","url":null,"abstract":"In the sensing field, the electronic structure of sensing materials has a great influence on the properties of the sensors. Here, by Ga doping pure rhombohedral In<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> (h‐In<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>), the double‐phase In<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> (cubic/rhombohedral In<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, c/h‐In<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>) porous nanospheres are obtained. And then Micro Electromechanical System (MEMS) gas sensors based on monolayer film are further fabricated by self‐assembling the above nanospheres. The 5% Ga‐doped In<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> sensors exhibit excellent HCHO sensing performance with a high‐response (110.6@100 ppm), rapid response/recovery time (5.2/18.4 s) and low limit of detection (50 ppb) at an operating temperature of 180 °C. The 5% Ga‐doped In<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> sensors also show high consistency (fluctuations of only 8.3%). Besides, a handheld device is developed to enable real‐time monitoring and early warning of indoor HCHO at ppb‐level. Based on experimental results and DFT theoretical calculation, the enhanced sensing mechanism is revealed, which is correlated with the optimization of electronic band structure by Ga doping and the appearance of double‐phase heterostructures caused by Ga doping. Therefore, the relationship between electronic structure and gas sensing properties has also been established. This work significantly introduces a novel approach for the mass production of MEMS gas sensors, ensuring high sensitivity, repeatability and consistency.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143435402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simone Mearini, Dominik Brandstetter, Yan Yan Grisan Qiu, Daniel Baranowski, Iulia Cojocariu, Matteo Jugovac, Pierluigi Gargiani, Manuel Valvidares, Luca Schio, Luca Floreano, Andreas Windischbacher, Peter Puschnig, Vitaliy Feyer, Claus Michael Schneider
Recently, 2D metal‐organic frameworks (2D MOFs), characterized by complex charge transfer mechanisms, have emerged as a promising class of networks in the development of advanced materials with tailored electronic and magnetic properties. Following the successful synthesis of a 2D MOF formed by nickel (Ni) linkers and 7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) ligands, this work investigates how the Ni‐to‐ligand ratio influences the electronic charge redistribution in an Ag(100)‐supported 2D MOF. The interplay between linker‐ligand and substrate‐MOF charge transfer processes leads to a stable equilibrium, resulting in a robust electronic structure that remains independent of stoichiometric ratios. This stability is primarily based on the electron transfer from the metal substrate, which compensates for charge imbalances introduced by the metal‐organic coordination across different MOF configurations. Despite minor changes observed in the magnetic response of the Ni centers, these findings emphasize the robustness of the electronic structure, which remains largely unaffected by structural variations, highlighting the potential of these 2D MOFs for advanced applications in electronics and spintronics.
{"title":"Substrate Stabilized Charge Transfer Scheme In Coverage Controlled 2D Metal Organic Frameworks","authors":"Simone Mearini, Dominik Brandstetter, Yan Yan Grisan Qiu, Daniel Baranowski, Iulia Cojocariu, Matteo Jugovac, Pierluigi Gargiani, Manuel Valvidares, Luca Schio, Luca Floreano, Andreas Windischbacher, Peter Puschnig, Vitaliy Feyer, Claus Michael Schneider","doi":"10.1002/smll.202500507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202500507","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, 2D metal‐organic frameworks (2D MOFs), characterized by complex charge transfer mechanisms, have emerged as a promising class of networks in the development of advanced materials with tailored electronic and magnetic properties. Following the successful synthesis of a 2D MOF formed by nickel (Ni) linkers and 7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) ligands, this work investigates how the Ni‐to‐ligand ratio influences the electronic charge redistribution in an Ag(100)‐supported 2D MOF. The interplay between linker‐ligand and substrate‐MOF charge transfer processes leads to a stable equilibrium, resulting in a robust electronic structure that remains independent of stoichiometric ratios. This stability is primarily based on the electron transfer from the metal substrate, which compensates for charge imbalances introduced by the metal‐organic coordination across different MOF configurations. Despite minor changes observed in the magnetic response of the Ni centers, these findings emphasize the robustness of the electronic structure, which remains largely unaffected by structural variations, highlighting the potential of these 2D MOFs for advanced applications in electronics and spintronics.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143435399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pranay Saha, David Skrodzki, Teresa Aditya, Parikshit Moitra, Maha Alafeef, Ketan Dighe, Matthew Molinaro, Steven D. Hicks, Dipanjan Pan
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play pivotal role as biomarkers for various diseases, with salivary miRNAs offering a non‐invasive diagnostic tool. For mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), salivary miRNAs like miR‐let7a, miR‐21, and miR‐30e show promise for early detection of subtle injuries lacking reliable indicators. To advance the detection of mTBI‐related salivary miRNAs, this study integrates anti‐miRNA and miRNA hybridization‐based sensing with the development of a nanoscale covalent‐organic framework (COF) platform. COFs, with their highly customizable structures, large surface area, and biocompatibility, serve as a versatile foundation for biosensing applications. Here, post‐synthetic modification (PSM) of COFs is introduced for essential covalent conjugation of streptavidin for further immobilization of methylene blue‐labeled and biotinylated Anti‐miRNAs. Furthermore, the layer‐by‐layer assembly of conductive polymers enhanced the biosensor's electrical performance, enabling ultrasensitive and multiplexed detection of salivary miRNAs. Validated with samples from mixed martial arts participants and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), this COF‐based platform demonstrates robust accuracy and reliability. By combining COF functionalization with advanced electrode design, it offers a powerful, non‐invasive solution for early mTBI detection and broader biomedical applications.
{"title":"Tailored Anti‐miR Decorated Covalent Organic Framework Enables Electrochemical Detection of Salivary miRNAs for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury","authors":"Pranay Saha, David Skrodzki, Teresa Aditya, Parikshit Moitra, Maha Alafeef, Ketan Dighe, Matthew Molinaro, Steven D. Hicks, Dipanjan Pan","doi":"10.1002/smll.202412107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202412107","url":null,"abstract":"MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play pivotal role as biomarkers for various diseases, with salivary miRNAs offering a non‐invasive diagnostic tool. For mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), salivary miRNAs like miR‐let7a, miR‐21, and miR‐30e show promise for early detection of subtle injuries lacking reliable indicators. To advance the detection of mTBI‐related salivary miRNAs, this study integrates anti‐miRNA and miRNA hybridization‐based sensing with the development of a nanoscale covalent‐organic framework (COF) platform. COFs, with their highly customizable structures, large surface area, and biocompatibility, serve as a versatile foundation for biosensing applications. Here, post‐synthetic modification (PSM) of COFs is introduced for essential covalent conjugation of streptavidin for further immobilization of methylene blue‐labeled and biotinylated Anti‐miRNAs. Furthermore, the layer‐by‐layer assembly of conductive polymers enhanced the biosensor's electrical performance, enabling ultrasensitive and multiplexed detection of salivary miRNAs. Validated with samples from mixed martial arts participants and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), this COF‐based platform demonstrates robust accuracy and reliability. By combining COF functionalization with advanced electrode design, it offers a powerful, non‐invasive solution for early mTBI detection and broader biomedical applications.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143435401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Advances in research in electronic textiles (E-textiles) that primarily cater to wearable sensing technology have found amalgamation with self-powered technology, especially with triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). However, developing E-textiles with triboelectric properties involves a multi-step process and a complex device structure, which is unsuitable for actual wearables. Also, the cellulose-based fabrics with the highest wearability are unsuitable for TENG fabrication, limiting the usage to synthetic fabrics. Apart from wearability, self-healing behavior is another significant property recently being looked upon for wearable sensors, providing long-term functionality. Herein, a simple yet effective approach is proposed to develop dielectrically optimized coatings for developing cellulose fabric-based self-powered sensors by leveraging elastomers with tunable dielectric and other properties, otherwise catering to the domain of electronic skin separately. The record high output performance with a power density of 4.69 W m−2 accomplished using a single fabric layer with a thickness of 0.56 mm supports the amalgamation of dielectrically optimized elastomeric coatings with textiles for next-generation self-powered wearables. Also, the strategic utilization of dynamic covalent chemistry imparted self-healing properties to the coating. This report provides a single-step dip coating method for developing a self-powered and self-healable next-generation E-textile.
{"title":"Graphene-Based Vitrimeric Ink with Self-Healing Properties Enables Simple E-Textile Triboelectric Coating Development","authors":"Simran Sharma, Titash Mondal","doi":"10.1002/smll.202500481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202500481","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in research in electronic textiles (E-textiles) that primarily cater to wearable sensing technology have found amalgamation with self-powered technology, especially with triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). However, developing E-textiles with triboelectric properties involves a multi-step process and a complex device structure, which is unsuitable for actual wearables. Also, the cellulose-based fabrics with the highest wearability are unsuitable for TENG fabrication, limiting the usage to synthetic fabrics. Apart from wearability, self-healing behavior is another significant property recently being looked upon for wearable sensors, providing long-term functionality. Herein, a simple yet effective approach is proposed to develop dielectrically optimized coatings for developing cellulose fabric-based self-powered sensors by leveraging elastomers with tunable dielectric and other properties, otherwise catering to the domain of electronic skin separately. The record high output performance with a power density of 4.69 W m<sup>−2</sup> accomplished using a single fabric layer with a thickness of 0.56 mm supports the amalgamation of dielectrically optimized elastomeric coatings with textiles for next-generation self-powered wearables. Also, the strategic utilization of dynamic covalent chemistry imparted self-healing properties to the coating. This report provides a single-step dip coating method for developing a self-powered and self-healable next-generation E-textile.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143435779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sodium-ion hybrid capacitors (SIHCs) represent a promising option for cost-effective grid-scale energy storage due to their combination of high energy and power densities, as well as excellent cycle stability. However, the practical application of SIHCs is hindered by the lack of advanced anode materials that exhibit fast ion diffusion kinetics and robust structures. Herein, a novel design featuring a nano-sized Fe3O4 is developed, that is double-reinforced by porous carbon derived from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as the inner core support and N, P-co-doped carbon from a polymer decomposition as the outer shell, resulting in a robust pencil-like core–shell structural composite (Fe3O4/NPC). The Fe3O4 nanograins and abundant surface groups containing N and P reduce the charge/electron transfer distance and provide numerous pseudocapacitive active sites, guaranteeing high energy output and superior rate capability. The optimized core–shell structure and interconnected carbon framework effectively accommodate volume changes, prevent nanoparticle agglomeration, and facilitate ion/electron transport, thereby ensuring structural integrity and rapid kinetics. In testing, Fe3O4/NPC demonstrated superior cycling durability, retaining 86.6% of its initial capacity after 2500 cycles in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Impressively, the assembled SIHC achieved a notable energy density of 147.1 W h kg−1 and maintained 92% capacity after 8000 cycles.
{"title":"Double-Reinforced Nano-Sized Ferrosoferric Oxide/Carbon Core–Shell Nanorods Enabling Durable Sodium-Ion Hybrid Capacitors","authors":"Zengwei Pang, Miaomiao Liu, Shenteng Wan, Yongdong Liu, Xiaohui Niu, Deyi Zhang, Kunjie Wang, Hongxia Li","doi":"10.1002/smll.202411436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202411436","url":null,"abstract":"Sodium-ion hybrid capacitors (SIHCs) represent a promising option for cost-effective grid-scale energy storage due to their combination of high energy and power densities, as well as excellent cycle stability. However, the practical application of SIHCs is hindered by the lack of advanced anode materials that exhibit fast ion diffusion kinetics and robust structures. Herein, a novel design featuring a nano-sized Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> is developed, that is double-reinforced by porous carbon derived from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as the inner core support and N, P-co-doped carbon from a polymer decomposition as the outer shell, resulting in a robust pencil-like core–shell structural composite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/NPC). The Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanograins and abundant surface groups containing N and P reduce the charge/electron transfer distance and provide numerous pseudocapacitive active sites, guaranteeing high energy output and superior rate capability. The optimized core–shell structure and interconnected carbon framework effectively accommodate volume changes, prevent nanoparticle agglomeration, and facilitate ion/electron transport, thereby ensuring structural integrity and rapid kinetics. In testing, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/NPC demonstrated superior cycling durability, retaining 86.6% of its initial capacity after 2500 cycles in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Impressively, the assembled SIHC achieved a notable energy density of 147.1 W h kg<sup>−1</sup> and maintained 92% capacity after 8000 cycles.","PeriodicalId":228,"journal":{"name":"Small","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143435782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：