Enhancing papermaking with nanocellulose and chitosan: Synergistic approaches for eco-friendly production

Abstract

The expanding demand for paper production has significantly contributed to the global economy, but it also presents substantial environmental challenges due to the diverse waste streams generated by the industry. To address these issues, eco-friendly biomaterials or also known as biopolymers are increasingly advocated in the papermaking process. The application of biopolymers in pulp and paper industries is focusing in improving the paper products performance especially for packaging paper products. Two promising sustainable materials are nanocellulose and chitosan. Nanocellulose, known for its abundance and biodegradability, serves as an effective additive in paper production, enhancing strength, retention, filtration, and coating properties. Chitosan, derived from chitin, the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature, is a renewable, non-toxic biomaterial with high cationic charge density, antibacterial properties, and excellent biocompatibility with cellulose. Its integration into papermaking enhances both dry and wet strength by forming hydrogen bonds with nanocellulose, thus improving the physical, mechanical, thermal, and antimicrobial properties of paper. The synergy between nanocellulose and chitosan not only enhances the overall quality of the paper but also supports the production of various types of paper, including packaging, printing, speciality, and textile paper. This approach underscores the role of sustainable biomaterials in innovating the papermaking industry while reducing its environmental footprint.