Optical properties in well and barrier single-mode Nd:YLiF4 waveguides formed under 300 keV H-ion irradiation

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS Surface & Coatings Technology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-13 DOI:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131791

Mei Qiao , Tiejun Wang , Yong Liu , Guofeng Liu , Ran Jia , Wanling Cui , Xiaoxin Wang , Zhenxing Wang , Xin Li , Shicai Xu

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Abstract

A “well+barrier”-type, single-mode optical waveguide structure was created in a Nd:YLiF₄ (Nd:YLF) crystal through H-ion irradiation at an energy level of 300 keV and a fluence of 5.6 × 10¹⁶ ions/cm². The electronic energy loss (S_e) and nuclear energy loss (S_n) induced by inelastic and elastic collisions, respectively, were simulated using the SRIM 2013 software. The cross-sectional image of the Nd:YLF crystal after H-ion irradiation was captured using a microscope. The prism coupling and end-face coupling methods were utilized to capture the effective refractive index of waveguide modes and near-field intensity distributions. The spectral characteristics of the Nd:YLF crystal were examined after H-ion irradiation based on absorption spectra and Raman spectra. This study is of considerable significance for the advancement of integrated optical devices utilizing Nd:YLF crystals.

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在300 keV h离子辐照下形成的阱和势垒单模Nd:YLiF4波导的光学特性

通过300 keV能级和5.6 × 1016离子/cm2的h离子辐照，在Nd:YLiF4 （Nd:YLF）晶体中形成了“阱+势垒”型单模光波导结构。利用SRIM 2013软件分别模拟了非弹性碰撞和弹性碰撞引起的电子能量损失（Se）和核能量损失（Sn）。用显微镜拍摄了h离子辐照后Nd:YLF晶体的横截面图像。采用棱镜耦合和端面耦合两种方法捕获波导模式的有效折射率和近场强度分布。利用吸收光谱和拉曼光谱研究了h离子辐照后Nd:YLF晶体的光谱特性。本研究对利用Nd:YLF晶体的集成光学器件的发展具有重要意义。

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来源期刊

Surface & Coatings Technology 工程技术-材料科学：膜

CiteScore

10.00

自引率

11.10%

发文量

921

审稿时长

19 days

期刊介绍： Surface and Coatings Technology is an international archival journal publishing scientific papers on significant developments in surface and interface engineering to modify and improve the surface properties of materials for protection in demanding contact conditions or aggressive environments, or for enhanced functional performance. Contributions range from original scientific articles concerned with fundamental and applied aspects of research or direct applications of metallic, inorganic, organic and composite coatings, to invited reviews of current technology in specific areas. Papers submitted to this journal are expected to be in line with the following aspects in processes, and properties/performance: A. Processes: Physical and chemical vapour deposition techniques, thermal and plasma spraying, surface modification by directed energy techniques such as ion, electron and laser beams, thermo-chemical treatment, wet chemical and electrochemical processes such as plating, sol-gel coating, anodization, plasma electrolytic oxidation, etc., but excluding painting. B. Properties/performance: friction performance, wear resistance (e.g., abrasion, erosion, fretting, etc), corrosion and oxidation resistance, thermal protection, diffusion resistance, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, and properties relevant to smart materials behaviour and enhanced multifunctional performance for environmental, energy and medical applications, but excluding device aspects.