Surface & Coatings Technology最新文献

英文中文

Probing the tribo-corrosion behavior and mechanism of Ag-DLC coating and its osteogenic property during postoperative stable service stage

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131947

Shiqi Lu , Xubing Wei , Kwang-Ryeol Lee , Jiaqing Ding , Peng Guo , Kai Chen , Dekun Zhang , Wei Zhang , Xiaowei Li

Joint implants are pivotal in effectively treating joint injuries resulting from an aging population, sports-related trauma, and chronic diseases. Among these, implants coated with Ag-DLC coatings have garnered significant attention for their excellent antibacterial properties, which substantially reduced the risk of tissue inflammation in the early postoperative stage. However, there was a lack of research on the coating's structure and the resistance to tribo-corrosion issues during the postoperative stable service stage. In this study, the Ag migration clusters on the surface of Ag-DLC coating were removed by a physical soaking method to simulate the actual state of the coatings during the postoperative stable service stage, and the microstructure, mechanical properties, tribo-corrosion behavior, and osteogenic performance were systematically investigated. The results indicated that the treated Ag-DLC coating deposited at an Ag target current of 0.6 A (S2) exhibited a looser and more porous surface morphology, increased surface roughness, a higher sp²/sp³ ratio, and reduced mechanical properties compared to that of 0.4 A (S1). These differences were attributed to the surface diffusion effect and Ag migration behavior. The treated Ag-DLC coatings greatly improved the tribo-corrosion resistance and the osteogenic property of the 316L SS. The underlying mechanism involves a solid-liquid composite lubrication system with a mixed lubrication state, coupled with the blockage diffusion channel formed by Ag migration behavior, and the properties were closely dependent on the graphitization degree of friction interface and adequacy of the fluid lubrication film.

{"title":"Probing the tribo-corrosion behavior and mechanism of Ag-DLC coating and its osteogenic property during postoperative stable service stage","authors":"Shiqi Lu , Xubing Wei , Kwang-Ryeol Lee , Jiaqing Ding , Peng Guo , Kai Chen , Dekun Zhang , Wei Zhang , Xiaowei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Joint implants are pivotal in effectively treating joint injuries resulting from an aging population, sports-related trauma, and chronic diseases. Among these, implants coated with Ag-DLC coatings have garnered significant attention for their excellent antibacterial properties, which substantially reduced the risk of tissue inflammation in the early postoperative stage. However, there was a lack of research on the coating's structure and the resistance to tribo-corrosion issues during the postoperative stable service stage. In this study, the Ag migration clusters on the surface of Ag-DLC coating were removed by a physical soaking method to simulate the actual state of the coatings during the postoperative stable service stage, and the microstructure, mechanical properties, tribo-corrosion behavior, and osteogenic performance were systematically investigated. The results indicated that the treated Ag-DLC coating deposited at an Ag target current of 0.6 A (S2) exhibited a looser and more porous surface morphology, increased surface roughness, a higher sp<sup>2</sup>/sp<sup>3</sup> ratio, and reduced mechanical properties compared to that of 0.4 A (S1). These differences were attributed to the surface diffusion effect and Ag migration behavior. The treated Ag-DLC coatings greatly improved the tribo-corrosion resistance and the osteogenic property of the 316L SS. The underlying mechanism involves a solid-liquid composite lubrication system with a mixed lubrication state, coupled with the blockage diffusion channel formed by Ag migration behavior, and the properties were closely dependent on the graphitization degree of friction interface and adequacy of the fluid lubrication film.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"501 ","pages":"Article 131947"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrosion behavior and failure mechanisms of phosphating/Cd-Ti composite coating on A100 steel under acidic salt fog conditions

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131944

Hailiang Huang , Taifeng Zhang , Guixue Bian , ZhuZhu Zhang , Yizhe Li

This study focuses on the corrosion behavior and failure mechanisms of the phosphating/Cd-Ti composite coating widely used in the surface treatment of aviation fasteners under acidic salt spray conditions. The results indicate that the phosphating treatment of the CdTi coating can effectively reduce its self-corrosion rate by approximately 2.5 times. During the 42-day exposure to acidic salt spray, the shape of the polarization curve for the specimen remains unchanged. The self-corrosion potential (E_corr) exhibits only minor changes, and the self-corrosion current density (i_corr) increases by less than an order of magnitude. Acidic salt spray induces a rapid reduction in the unit cell size of Cd and Zn₃(PO₄)₂·4H₂O, leading to cracks in the coating. These cracks provide pathways for aggressive ions, such as chloride ions (Cl⁻), which instigate pitting corrosion. The failure process of the phosphating/Cd-Ti composite coating can be divided into three stages: 1) Under the action of acidic salt spray, cracks form in the coating film of the phosphating/Cd-Ti composite coating, allowing Cl⁻ to infiltrate and initiate pitting corrosion; 2) The pitting corrosion expands laterally, resulting in “under-film corrosion” with corrosion products overflowing to the surface along the cracks in the coating; 3) The CdTi coating is extensively consumed, exposing the substrate to the corrosive environment, and the corrosion gradually shifts from pitting to uniform corrosion. These research findings can provide valuable insights for accurately determining maintenance cycles for aviation fasteners.

{"title":"Corrosion behavior and failure mechanisms of phosphating/Cd-Ti composite coating on A100 steel under acidic salt fog conditions","authors":"Hailiang Huang , Taifeng Zhang , Guixue Bian , ZhuZhu Zhang , Yizhe Li","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on the corrosion behavior and failure mechanisms of the phosphating/Cd-Ti composite coating widely used in the surface treatment of aviation fasteners under acidic salt spray conditions. The results indicate that the phosphating treatment of the Cd<img>Ti coating can effectively reduce its self-corrosion rate by approximately 2.5 times. During the 42-day exposure to acidic salt spray, the shape of the polarization curve for the specimen remains unchanged. The self-corrosion potential (<em>E</em><sub>corr</sub>) exhibits only minor changes, and the self-corrosion current density (<em>i</em><sub>corr</sub>) increases by less than an order of magnitude. Acidic salt spray induces a rapid reduction in the unit cell size of Cd and Zn<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·4H<sub>2</sub>O, leading to cracks in the coating. These cracks provide pathways for aggressive ions, such as chloride ions (Cl<sup>−</sup>), which instigate pitting corrosion. The failure process of the phosphating/Cd-Ti composite coating can be divided into three stages: 1) Under the action of acidic salt spray, cracks form in the coating film of the phosphating/Cd-Ti composite coating, allowing Cl<sup>−</sup> to infiltrate and initiate pitting corrosion; 2) The pitting corrosion expands laterally, resulting in “under-film corrosion” with corrosion products overflowing to the surface along the cracks in the coating; 3) The Cd<img>Ti coating is extensively consumed, exposing the substrate to the corrosive environment, and the corrosion gradually shifts from pitting to uniform corrosion. These research findings can provide valuable insights for accurately determining maintenance cycles for aviation fasteners.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"501 ","pages":"Article 131944"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing cold spray coatings: Microstructural dynamics and performance attributes of Inconel 625 with chromium carbide incorporation for hydropower applications

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131932

Mayur Pole , Abhinav Srivastava , Julian Escobar , Joshua Silverstein , Bharat Gwalani , Kenneth Ross , Christopher Smith

The incorporation of chromium carbide (CrC) particles into the cold spray (CS) process is known to mitigate nozzle clogging, although at the expense of deposition efficiency. This study explores the intricate microstructural changes induced by varying amounts of CrC powder (12.5 % and 6 %) in conjunction with Inconel-625 (Inc-625) powder. The deposition was carried out onto A27 cast steel under different CS parameters. Microstructural characterization, including detailed electron microscopy studies, reveals a complex yet structurally stable coating. Noteworthy features include grain fragmentation and a cellular structure enriched with Nb and Mo, with minimal plastic deformation of CrC in the matrix. The cold-sprayed coatings exhibit a significant (~4 times) increase in microhardness compared to the A27 substrate. Mechanical and cavitation erosion properties were systematically investigated. Coatings subjected to higher particle energy conditions with a gas pressure of 600 psi and gas temperature of 650 °C, demonstrated superior resistance to cavitation erosion. This resistance is attributed to a combination of factors, including microstructural characteristics and porosity. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the structural dynamics and performance of CS coatings enriched with CrC particles.

{"title":"Enhancing cold spray coatings: Microstructural dynamics and performance attributes of Inconel 625 with chromium carbide incorporation for hydropower applications","authors":"Mayur Pole , Abhinav Srivastava , Julian Escobar , Joshua Silverstein , Bharat Gwalani , Kenneth Ross , Christopher Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The incorporation of chromium carbide (CrC) particles into the cold spray (CS) process is known to mitigate nozzle clogging, although at the expense of deposition efficiency. This study explores the intricate microstructural changes induced by varying amounts of CrC powder (12.5 % and 6 %) in conjunction with Inconel-625 (Inc-625) powder. The deposition was carried out onto A27 cast steel under different CS parameters. Microstructural characterization, including detailed electron microscopy studies, reveals a complex yet structurally stable coating. Noteworthy features include grain fragmentation and a cellular structure enriched with Nb and Mo, with minimal plastic deformation of CrC in the matrix. The cold-sprayed coatings exhibit a significant (~4 times) increase in microhardness compared to the A27 substrate. Mechanical and cavitation erosion properties were systematically investigated. Coatings subjected to higher particle energy conditions with a gas pressure of 600 psi and gas temperature of 650 °C, demonstrated superior resistance to cavitation erosion. This resistance is attributed to a combination of factors, including microstructural characteristics and porosity. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the structural dynamics and performance of CS coatings enriched with CrC particles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"500 ","pages":"Article 131932"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improved high-temperature tribological properties of Ti3SiC2 modified NiCr-Cr3C2 coatings and their wear mechanism

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131943

Hongfei Chen, Mengmeng Ge, Xiaolong Qu, Yanfeng Gao

In light of the mounting concerns surrounding global energy consumption, there is a growing focus on the development of composite coatings that are capable of regulating friction and wear, and possess self-lubricating and self-healing properties. NiCr-Cr₃C₂-Ti₃SiC₂ composite coatings were prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying, and the phase compositions, microstructures, microhardness, porosity and tribological properties (friction coefficient and wear rate) of the coatings were investigated. Specific focus was dedicated to the investigation of wear mechanisms at elevated temperatures. The findings reveal that the coating with 15 wt% Ti₃SiC₂ (15TiSiC) exhibits the lowest friction coefficient (0.395) and wear rate (1.55 × 10⁻⁵ mm³ N⁻¹ m⁻¹) among all the samples at 800 °C. The wear mechanism can be categorized as follows: at room temperature, fatigue wear and abrasive wear; at 200 and 400 °C, adhesive wear and abrasive wear; and at 600 and 800 °C, adhesive wear and oxidative wear.

{"title":"Improved high-temperature tribological properties of Ti3SiC2 modified NiCr-Cr3C2 coatings and their wear mechanism","authors":"Hongfei Chen, Mengmeng Ge, Xiaolong Qu, Yanfeng Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In light of the mounting concerns surrounding global energy consumption, there is a growing focus on the development of composite coatings that are capable of regulating friction and wear, and possess self-lubricating and self-healing properties. NiCr-Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>-Ti<sub>3</sub>SiC<sub>2</sub> composite coatings were prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying, and the phase compositions, microstructures, microhardness, porosity and tribological properties (friction coefficient and wear rate) of the coatings were investigated. Specific focus was dedicated to the investigation of wear mechanisms at elevated temperatures. The findings reveal that the coating with 15 wt% Ti<sub>3</sub>SiC<sub>2</sub> (15TiSiC) exhibits the lowest friction coefficient (0.395) and wear rate (1.55 × 10<sup>−5</sup> mm<sup>3</sup> N<sup>−1</sup> m<sup>−1</sup>) among all the samples at 800 °C. The wear mechanism can be categorized as follows: at room temperature, fatigue wear and abrasive wear; at 200 and 400 °C, adhesive wear and abrasive wear; and at 600 and 800 °C, adhesive wear and oxidative wear.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"501 ","pages":"Article 131943"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143436442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation on preparation of (TiZrNbMoTa)NCy coating tools and wear mechanism in friction stir welding of SiCp/Al composites

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131940

Shuai Tian , Kaishan Nie , Zhengyi Zhang , Yuanpeng Liu , Zheng Li , Dong Wang

During friction stir welding (FSW) of silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites (SiCp/Al), the presence of hard SiC particles significantly increase tool wear and seriously shorten tool life. In this work, the high-entropy carbon nitride coatings of (TiZrNbMoTa)NC_y were successfully prepared on H13 steel by magnetron sputtering technology with different carbon target power. The effects of N and C elements on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the coatings were systematically studied. The (TiZrNbMoTa)NC_y coatings on H13 steel pin splited from friction stir welding tool were used to weld two different materials of SiCp/6092Al composites and 6061Al. The results show that all coatings have a single face-centered cubic structure. With the increase of C target power, the crystal grains are refined continuously and the preferred orientation transformation from (220) plane to (111) plane. When the C target power is 200 W, the coating hardness can reach 41.02 GPa and the elasticity modulus is 410.44 GPa. The binding force of the coating decreases with the increase of the C target power. The two different materials were successfully welded with coated H13 steel pin, and the HEANC_y coating improve the wear resistance of the H13 tool than that without coating by nearly 63 %. The failure mechanism of welding tools is mainly abrasive wear.

{"title":"Investigation on preparation of (TiZrNbMoTa)NCy coating tools and wear mechanism in friction stir welding of SiCp/Al composites","authors":"Shuai Tian , Kaishan Nie , Zhengyi Zhang , Yuanpeng Liu , Zheng Li , Dong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During friction stir welding (FSW) of silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites (SiCp/Al), the presence of hard SiC particles significantly increase tool wear and seriously shorten tool life. In this work, the high-entropy carbon nitride coatings of (TiZrNbMoTa)NC<sub>y</sub> were successfully prepared on H13 steel by magnetron sputtering technology with different carbon target power. The effects of N and C elements on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the coatings were systematically studied. The (TiZrNbMoTa)NC<sub>y</sub> coatings on H13 steel pin splited from friction stir welding tool were used to weld two different materials of SiCp/6092Al composites and 6061Al. The results show that all coatings have a single face-centered cubic structure. With the increase of C target power, the crystal grains are refined continuously and the preferred orientation transformation from (220) plane to (111) plane. When the C target power is 200 W, the coating hardness can reach 41.02 GPa and the elasticity modulus is 410.44 GPa. The binding force of the coating decreases with the increase of the C target power. The two different materials were successfully welded with coated H13 steel pin, and the HEANC<sub>y</sub> coating improve the wear resistance of the H13 tool than that without coating by nearly 63 %. The failure mechanism of welding tools is mainly abrasive wear.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"501 ","pages":"Article 131940"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ultrasonic pulsed waterjet peening of Ti-6Al-4 V manufactured by laser powder bed fusion

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131931

Paria Siahpour , Mark.Y. Amegadzie , Sajad Shakerin , Andrew Tieu , Ian.W. Donaldson , Mathew Harding , Mohsen Mohammadi , Kevin P. Plucknett

Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) processed metal components invariably possess poor surface quality in their as-built state, along with high tensile residual stresses. In order to optimize the surface properties and mitigate the adverse effects of L-PBF fabrication, the implementation of an appropriate post-processing surface treatment is essential. In the present study, Ti-6Al-4 V samples were fabricated by the L-PBF method, and showed an initial surface roughness, Ra, of ∼17 μm with pronounced anisotropic tensile residual stresses. Ultrasonic pulsed waterjet (UPWJ) was subsequently applied as a novel and environmentally benign surface peening technique for the L-PBF Ti-6Al-4 V parts. Samples were UPWJ peened either in the as-built state or following machining, through either a milling or grinding step applied to the L-PBF samples. It is demonstrated that the post-peening roughness could be reduced to Ra ≤1 μm through surface machining following by UWPJ peening, which was accompanied by the introduction of substantial compressive residual stresses up to approximately −800 MPa. Machining of the L-PBF parts, followed by UPWJ peening, led to a significant enhancement in scratch hardness (HS_p), exhibiting a maximum improvement of approximately 23 %. The combined use of machining followed by UWPJ peening is demonstrated to be a practical strategy to achieve both enhanced surface properties and high compressive residual stress for post-processing of L-PBF fabricated Ti-6Al-4 V parts.

{"title":"Ultrasonic pulsed waterjet peening of Ti-6Al-4 V manufactured by laser powder bed fusion","authors":"Paria Siahpour , Mark.Y. Amegadzie , Sajad Shakerin , Andrew Tieu , Ian.W. Donaldson , Mathew Harding , Mohsen Mohammadi , Kevin P. Plucknett","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) processed metal components invariably possess poor surface quality in their as-built state, along with high tensile residual stresses. In order to optimize the surface properties and mitigate the adverse effects of L-PBF fabrication, the implementation of an appropriate post-processing surface treatment is essential. In the present study, Ti-6Al-4 V samples were fabricated by the L-PBF method, and showed an initial surface roughness, Ra, of ∼17 μm with pronounced anisotropic tensile residual stresses. Ultrasonic pulsed waterjet (UPWJ) was subsequently applied as a novel and environmentally benign surface peening technique for the L-PBF Ti-6Al-4 V parts. Samples were UPWJ peened either in the as-built state or following machining, through either a milling or grinding step applied to the L-PBF samples. It is demonstrated that the post-peening roughness could be reduced to Ra ≤1 μm through surface machining following by UWPJ peening, which was accompanied by the introduction of substantial compressive residual stresses up to approximately −800 MPa. Machining of the L-PBF parts, followed by UPWJ peening, led to a significant enhancement in scratch hardness (HS<sub>p</sub>), exhibiting a maximum improvement of approximately 23 %. The combined use of machining followed by UWPJ peening is demonstrated to be a practical strategy to achieve both enhanced surface properties and high compressive residual stress for post-processing of L-PBF fabricated Ti-6Al-4 V parts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"501 ","pages":"Article 131931"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Principle and simulation of three-phase electromagnetic wiping technique for hot-dip galvanizing of steel pipes

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131908

Weilin Chen, Kaiming Guan, Shaozhe Zhang, Kai Zhang, Tonghai Ding, Xiaotao Han

Electromagnetic wiping offers the advantages of non-contact operation and ease of control compared to the gas wiping. However, the single-phase electromagnetic wiping technique predominantly generates an axially oriented magnetic flux, resulting in limited axial electromagnetic force and reduced wiping efficiency. This paper introduces a three-phase electromagnetic wiping (TPEW) method for hot-dip galvanizing pipes. Compared to single-phase coils, the three-phase coils in the TPEW create a traveling magnetic field along the pipe axis, generating stronger axial electromagnetic forces on the surface of the galvanized coating, thereby achieving more effective removal of excess liquid zinc. Furthermore, the frequency and amplitude of the TPEW coil currents can be easily adjusted, enabling precise modulation of the traveling magnetic field and the electromagnetic forces acting on the liquid zinc. This ultimately allows for accurate control over the thickness and uniformity of the coating. Experimental results show that at a current amplitude of 70 A and a frequency of 50 Hz or lower, the TPEW technique effectively reduces the average coating thickness to below 40 μm. The modeling, simulation, and experimental results of the prototype demonstrate the feasibility of the TPEW approach, which effectively reduces the coating thickness and enhances its uniformity.

{"title":"Principle and simulation of three-phase electromagnetic wiping technique for hot-dip galvanizing of steel pipes","authors":"Weilin Chen, Kaiming Guan, Shaozhe Zhang, Kai Zhang, Tonghai Ding, Xiaotao Han","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electromagnetic wiping offers the advantages of non-contact operation and ease of control compared to the gas wiping. However, the single-phase electromagnetic wiping technique predominantly generates an axially oriented magnetic flux, resulting in limited axial electromagnetic force and reduced wiping efficiency. This paper introduces a three-phase electromagnetic wiping (TPEW) method for hot-dip galvanizing pipes. Compared to single-phase coils, the three-phase coils in the TPEW create a traveling magnetic field along the pipe axis, generating stronger axial electromagnetic forces on the surface of the galvanized coating, thereby achieving more effective removal of excess liquid zinc. Furthermore, the frequency and amplitude of the TPEW coil currents can be easily adjusted, enabling precise modulation of the traveling magnetic field and the electromagnetic forces acting on the liquid zinc. This ultimately allows for accurate control over the thickness and uniformity of the coating. Experimental results show that at a current amplitude of 70 A and a frequency of 50 Hz or lower, the TPEW technique effectively reduces the average coating thickness to below 40 μm. The modeling, simulation, and experimental results of the prototype demonstrate the feasibility of the TPEW approach, which effectively reduces the coating thickness and enhances its uniformity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"500 ","pages":"Article 131908"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental investigations of mechanisms governing residual stress evolution in segmented plasma sprayed coatings

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131936

Liuyu Yang , Dingjun Li , Yiwen Chen , Xiaoxiang Wang , Peng Jiang

This article investigates the equivalent residual stress of the top coat (TC) and thermal grown oxide (TGO) during isothermal cyclic service and experimentally confirms the existence of stress reversal phenomenon in one-surface-coated segmented APS-TBCs for the first time. An in-situ beam curvature measurement equipment is employed to experimentally measure equivalent residual stress, while global curvature is estimated using photographic images. According to the experimental observations, this complex phenomenon is governed by competition between TGO-induced and interlayer-mismatch-induced compressive stresses and substrate oxide (SO)-induced tensile stresses. The discovery of this phenomenon in one-surface-coated APS-TBC samples suggests that traditional laws governing residual stress accumulation are not suitable for describing its evolution during isothermal cyclic service. Therefore, we recommend either using fully-coated samples for long-term isothermal cyclic services or employing one-surface-coated samples for gradient cyclic services (keeping the uncoated substrate surface below 700 °C to prevent SO growth).

{"title":"Experimental investigations of mechanisms governing residual stress evolution in segmented plasma sprayed coatings","authors":"Liuyu Yang , Dingjun Li , Yiwen Chen , Xiaoxiang Wang , Peng Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article investigates the equivalent residual stress of the top coat (TC) and thermal grown oxide (TGO) during isothermal cyclic service and experimentally confirms the existence of stress reversal phenomenon in one-surface-coated segmented APS-TBCs for the first time. An in-situ beam curvature measurement equipment is employed to experimentally measure equivalent residual stress, while global curvature is estimated using photographic images. According to the experimental observations, this complex phenomenon is governed by competition between TGO-induced and interlayer-mismatch-induced compressive stresses and substrate oxide (SO)-induced tensile stresses. The discovery of this phenomenon in one-surface-coated APS-TBC samples suggests that traditional laws governing residual stress accumulation are not suitable for describing its evolution during isothermal cyclic service. Therefore, we recommend either using fully-coated samples for long-term isothermal cyclic services or employing one-surface-coated samples for gradient cyclic services (keeping the uncoated substrate surface below 700 °C to prevent SO growth).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"500 ","pages":"Article 131936"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The influence of magnetic field on the cluster growth in a magnetron sputtering gas aggregation source

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131892

Joao Coroa , Giuseppe Sanzone , Tibor Höltzl , Hailin Sun , Ewald Janssens , Jinlong Yin

Clusters produced by physical methods in gas phase have yet to see widespread adoption due to low deposition rates, despite the benefits that they could bring to many applications. It is demonstrated in this study that unbalancing the magnetic field configuration of a magnetron within a sputtering gas aggregation source significantly enhances dimer formation and subsequent cluster growth. Based on experimental results obtained with four magnetic field configurations, along with ab initio simulations, we discussed various scenarios for dimer formation and proposed that the contribution of

is essential for an increase in cluster throughput. We analysed the resulting plasma spatial distribution and demonstrated that the selected magnetic field configuration significantly influences the lifetime of

particles. When their lifetime is long, more

can react with another metal atom (Pd) and form other stable complexes (Pd₂,

), a critical first step in cluster growth, increasing cluster throughput by a factor of 150-fold. The proposed mechanism might be material-independent as other metal-argon dimers (

and

) have also been reported in the literature.

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引用次数: 0

Effect of Al and Ca on the interaction between the BaZrO3 crucible and the Ni-based superalloy

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131933

Yunsong Zhao , Shaowen Deng , Houjin Liao , Qisheng Feng , Enhui Wang , Xinmei Hou , Guangyao Chen , Chonghe Li

Vacuum induction melting (VIM) metallurgy with a crucible is known to produce Ni-based superalloys. However, oxygen contamination is easily introduced by the crucible. Al and Ca were the common purifying agents for the preparation of the superalloys. This contribution investigated their presence on the effect of the interaction between the alloy melt and the BaZrO₃ crucible. The results show that Al addition could react with the dissolved O from the alloy melt, resulting in the formation of Al₂O₃. Then Al₂O₃ reacted with the BaZrO₃ crucible, resulting in the formation of a dense Ba-Al-O phase layer with ∼10 μm thickness. After adding Al and Ca, no Ba-Al-O phase layer appeared except for a loose CaO layer with ∼50 μm thickness. The CaO layer was formed from the direct reaction of Ca addition and the BaZrO₃ crucible. The elements Al and Ca were both chemically aggressive to crucibles. Therefore, the content of Al and Ca in the melt should be reasonably controlled when using the BaZrO₃ crucible to smelt superalloys. This study offers effective theoretical support for the subsequent preparation of high-purity Ni-based superalloys.

{"title":"Effect of Al and Ca on the interaction between the BaZrO3 crucible and the Ni-based superalloy","authors":"Yunsong Zhao , Shaowen Deng , Houjin Liao , Qisheng Feng , Enhui Wang , Xinmei Hou , Guangyao Chen , Chonghe Li","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vacuum induction melting (VIM) metallurgy with a crucible is known to produce Ni-based superalloys. However, oxygen contamination is easily introduced by the crucible. Al and Ca were the common purifying agents for the preparation of the superalloys. This contribution investigated their presence on the effect of the interaction between the alloy melt and the BaZrO<sub>3</sub> crucible. The results show that Al addition could react with the dissolved O from the alloy melt, resulting in the formation of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Then Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> reacted with the BaZrO<sub>3</sub> crucible, resulting in the formation of a dense Ba-Al-O phase layer with ∼10 μm thickness. After adding Al and Ca, no Ba-Al-O phase layer appeared except for a loose CaO layer with ∼50 μm thickness. The CaO layer was formed from the direct reaction of Ca addition and the BaZrO<sub>3</sub> crucible. The elements Al and Ca were both chemically aggressive to crucibles. Therefore, the content of Al and Ca in the melt should be reasonably controlled when using the BaZrO<sub>3</sub> crucible to smelt superalloys. This study offers effective theoretical support for the subsequent preparation of high-purity Ni-based superalloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"500 ","pages":"Article 131933"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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