Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132014
Geongu Han , Seunghyeon Lee , Geonwoo Park , Gyuha Lee , Hyoung June Kim , Dohyun Go , Jihwan An
Obtaining crystalline thin films with low leakage current is crucial for realizing high-performance thin-film capacitors used in memories or passive devices. Here, we demonstrate a plasma-induced atomic layer annealing process that can induce the crystallization of TiO₂ thin films during atomic layer deposition, even at low temperatures. We show that atomic layer annealing using an Ar/O₂ mixed gas plasma can enhance the dielectric constant by promoting rutile phase crystallization while simultaneously maintaining or improving the leakage current. The effects of process parameters (pressure, power) on film and device performance are further investigated. As a result, the capacitor with an atomic layer-annealed TiO₂ dielectric film shows approximately a 30 % increase in capacitance while retaining a similar leakage current level on both Pt and Ru bottom electrodes.
{"title":"Tuning electrical performances of ALD TiO2-based thin film capacitor by Ar/O2 plasma-based atomic layer annealing","authors":"Geongu Han , Seunghyeon Lee , Geonwoo Park , Gyuha Lee , Hyoung June Kim , Dohyun Go , Jihwan An","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obtaining crystalline thin films with low leakage current is crucial for realizing high-performance thin-film capacitors used in memories or passive devices. Here, we demonstrate a plasma-induced atomic layer annealing process that can induce the crystallization of TiO₂ thin films during atomic layer deposition, even at low temperatures. We show that atomic layer annealing using an Ar/O₂ mixed gas plasma can enhance the dielectric constant by promoting rutile phase crystallization while simultaneously maintaining or improving the leakage current. The effects of process parameters (pressure, power) on film and device performance are further investigated. As a result, the capacitor with an atomic layer-annealed TiO₂ dielectric film shows approximately a 30 % increase in capacitance while retaining a similar leakage current level on both Pt and Ru bottom electrodes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"503 ","pages":"Article 132014"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132001
Zixia Chen , Yan Zhou , Yang Wang , Yongheng Jiang , Ziyi Wang , Ziheng Song , Chun Wu , Xin Ren , Chao Meng
In this study, CoCrFeNiMn+x(Mo2C) (x = 0 wt%, 20 wt%, 40 wt%, 60 wt%) high-entropy alloys composite coatings were successfully prepared for the first time by induction cladding technology. The effects of varying Mo2C particle contents on the microstructure, microhardness, and wear performance at room and high temperatures were investigated. The addition of Mo2C particles resulted in grain refinement, second phase strengthening, and solid solution strengthening, while also facilitating the formation of small-angle grain boundaries and geometrically necessary dislocations, which improved the microhardness and wear resistance of the coating at both room and high temperatures. When the content of Mo2C particles was 40 wt%, the coating exhibited the best wear resistance at both room and high temperatures. The mechanically mixed layer formed at room temperature and the oxidized glaze layer formed at high temperatures served as physical barriers, enhancing the wear resistance.
{"title":"Microstructure evolution and wear behavior at room and high temperatures of Mo2C particle reinforced CoCrFeNiMn high-entropy alloys composite coatings prepared by induction cladding","authors":"Zixia Chen , Yan Zhou , Yang Wang , Yongheng Jiang , Ziyi Wang , Ziheng Song , Chun Wu , Xin Ren , Chao Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, CoCrFeNiMn+x(Mo<sub>2</sub>C) (x = 0 wt%, 20 wt%, 40 wt%, 60 wt%) high-entropy alloys composite coatings were successfully prepared for the first time by induction cladding technology. The effects of varying Mo<sub>2</sub>C particle contents on the microstructure, microhardness, and wear performance at room and high temperatures were investigated. The addition of Mo<sub>2</sub>C particles resulted in grain refinement, second phase strengthening, and solid solution strengthening, while also facilitating the formation of small-angle grain boundaries and geometrically necessary dislocations, which improved the microhardness and wear resistance of the coating at both room and high temperatures. When the content of Mo<sub>2</sub>C particles was 40 wt%, the coating exhibited the best wear resistance at both room and high temperatures. The mechanically mixed layer formed at room temperature and the oxidized glaze layer formed at high temperatures served as physical barriers, enhancing the wear resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"503 ","pages":"Article 132001"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131992
Fangsheng Mei , Runfa Zhao , Yangqian Chen , Yang Yu , Rui Zuo , Jiangxiong Gao , Jianguo Lin
The wear resistance of the coating is a key indicator for assessing the cutting performance of coated tools. In this study, an AlTiN coating deposited via arc evaporation was exposed to low-temperature (≤600 °C) thermal treatment in air. After low-temperature heat treatment in air, the oxygen content in the coating exhibited a gradient distribution, decreasing from the outer surface to the inner layers. The diffused oxygen in the AlTiN coating did not significantly alter its surface morphology or phase composition, but it did influence the preferential growth of grains. Specifically, a portion of the diffused oxygen entered the crystal lattice of the nitride, while another part formed amorphous aluminum oxide at the grain boundaries. These changes enhanced the nanohardness, the bonding strength between the coating and the substrate, and wear resistance of the coating. Notably, the wear resistance improved significantly, with the wear rate decreasing from 7.0 × 10−15 m3/N·m for the as-deposited coating to 3.2 × 10−15 m3/N·m for the coating treated at 500 °C. The oxygen diffusion heat treatment caused the wear mechanism of the coating to shift from predominantly adhesive wear and abrasive wear to a combination of oxidation and abrasive wear.
{"title":"Enhancing the wear resistance of arc-deposited AlTiN coatings via heat treatment with oxygen diffusion","authors":"Fangsheng Mei , Runfa Zhao , Yangqian Chen , Yang Yu , Rui Zuo , Jiangxiong Gao , Jianguo Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The wear resistance of the coating is a key indicator for assessing the cutting performance of coated tools. In this study, an AlTiN coating deposited via arc evaporation was exposed to low-temperature (≤600 °C) thermal treatment in air. After low-temperature heat treatment in air, the oxygen content in the coating exhibited a gradient distribution, decreasing from the outer surface to the inner layers. The diffused oxygen in the AlTiN coating did not significantly alter its surface morphology or phase composition, but it did influence the preferential growth of grains. Specifically, a portion of the diffused oxygen entered the crystal lattice of the nitride, while another part formed amorphous aluminum oxide at the grain boundaries. These changes enhanced the nanohardness, the bonding strength between the coating and the substrate, and wear resistance of the coating. Notably, the wear resistance improved significantly, with the wear rate decreasing from 7.0 × 10<sup>−15</sup> m<sup>3</sup>/N·m for the as-deposited coating to 3.2 × 10<sup>−15</sup> m<sup>3</sup>/N·m for the coating treated at 500 °C. The oxygen diffusion heat treatment caused the wear mechanism of the coating to shift from predominantly adhesive wear and abrasive wear to a combination of oxidation and abrasive wear.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"503 ","pages":"Article 131992"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132002
Hamidreza Gerami , Guillem Vilar Soler , Jean-Marc Cote , Jean-Baptiste Sanchez , Nicolas Martin
CrTa thin films were deposited on glass and (100) silicon substrates by DC magnetron co-sputtering. Films were prepared by the glancing angle deposition (GLAD) method by fixing the deposition angle to 80° for both targets. The Cr and Ta target currents were systematically and reversely changed from 0 mA to 300 mA, so as to tune the composition of the films. All other working parameters were kept constant. For such GLAD co-sputtering conditions, the deposition time was adjusted in order to get a film thickness close to 400 nm. A columnar microstructure was obtained with a Janus-like architecture as a function of the operating target currents. Different morphologies and tilted column angles were produced by adjusting target currents. The typical hexagonal Cr phase was produced for Cr-rich films, whereas a mixture of α and β-Ta phases for Ta-rich films. DC electrical resistivity vs. temperature showed the typical metallic-like behaviors for all CrTa films. The electron-phonon and electron-defect interactions were investigated, and correlated with variations of the film's composition and structure.
{"title":"Correlations between structure and electrical properties of CrTa thin films prepared by oblique angle co-sputtering","authors":"Hamidreza Gerami , Guillem Vilar Soler , Jean-Marc Cote , Jean-Baptiste Sanchez , Nicolas Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cr<img>Ta thin films were deposited on glass and (100) silicon substrates by DC magnetron co-sputtering. Films were prepared by the glancing angle deposition (GLAD) method by fixing the deposition angle to 80° for both targets. The Cr and Ta target currents were systematically and reversely changed from 0 mA to 300 mA, so as to tune the composition of the films. All other working parameters were kept constant. For such GLAD co-sputtering conditions, the deposition time was adjusted in order to get a film thickness close to 400 nm. A columnar microstructure was obtained with a Janus-like architecture as a function of the operating target currents. Different morphologies and tilted column angles were produced by adjusting target currents. The typical hexagonal Cr phase was produced for Cr-rich films, whereas a mixture of α and β-Ta phases for Ta-rich films. DC electrical resistivity <em>vs.</em> temperature showed the typical metallic-like behaviors for all Cr<img>Ta films. The electron-phonon and electron-defect interactions were investigated, and correlated with variations of the film's composition and structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"503 ","pages":"Article 132002"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-03DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132000
Xinghua Wu , Jiaxing Tang , Zhanlang Ye , Zhenghui He , Junxi Liang , Rui Yan , Jun Hu , Shunli Zheng
In this study, we demonstrated a multi-layer fluorine-free superhydrophobic coating with anti-condensation and anti-biofouling properties. Polyethylene terephthalate was introduced to fix the candle soot layers. The coating exhibits exceptional superhydrophobicity due to the formation of nanocarbon chains resulting from incomplete combustion of the candle. The obtained superhydrophobic coatings exhibited enhanced anti-condensation and anti-algae properties. The coatings presented suppressed the nucleation and growth of condensates at a subcooled temperature of 8 °C. To examine the anti-biofouling property of the surface, the as-prepared samples were submerged in impurity water for 7 days. The Scenedesmus obliquus failed to adhere and proliferate on the coating surface during the 7-day continuous immersion. The developed coating holds promise to provide a low cost, high-throughput, faster way to develop function coatings for industry applications.
{"title":"A candle soot based multi-layer superhydrophobic coating with anti-condensation and anti-biofouling properties","authors":"Xinghua Wu , Jiaxing Tang , Zhanlang Ye , Zhenghui He , Junxi Liang , Rui Yan , Jun Hu , Shunli Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we demonstrated a multi-layer fluorine-free superhydrophobic coating with anti-condensation and anti-biofouling properties. Polyethylene terephthalate was introduced to fix the candle soot layers. The coating exhibits exceptional superhydrophobicity due to the formation of nanocarbon chains resulting from incomplete combustion of the candle. The obtained superhydrophobic coatings exhibited enhanced anti-condensation and anti-algae properties. The coatings presented suppressed the nucleation and growth of condensates at a subcooled temperature of 8 °C. To examine the anti-biofouling property of the surface, the as-prepared samples were submerged in impurity water for 7 days. The <em>Scenedesmus obliquus</em> failed to adhere and proliferate on the coating surface during the 7-day continuous immersion. The developed coating holds promise to provide a low cost, high-throughput, faster way to develop function coatings for industry applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"503 ","pages":"Article 132000"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-03DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131997
Nianqiang Li , Zikun Tang , Yonghua Duan , Zhiqi Feng , Lishi Ma , Shanju Zheng , Mingjun Peng , Mengnie Li
Rare earth oxides borided as well as boron-aluminized composite layers were prepared on Ti6Al4V titanium alloy using a solid-state diffusion method. The corrosion behavior and mechanisms of the coatings were studied in 3.5 wt% NaCl and 5.0 vol% H2SO4 solutions, with a focus on the effects of different rare earth oxides. Results showed that treated samples exhibited more stable hydrogen evolution and uniform corrosion rates compared to untreated Ti6Al4V, forming a protective product layer that enhanced corrosion resistance. Among them, the TmB sample showed the best electrochemical performance in both solutions, as Tm2O3 promoted the formation of a thicker TiB2 layer, providing excellent resistance by blocking ion penetration and reducing substrate activity. The boron-aluminized composite layer, while slightly less effective due to residual Al3Ti, provided dual protection by combining the properties of TiB2 and aluminum phases, improving the alloy's resistance to corrosion.
{"title":"Effect of rare earth oxides on electrochemical properties of infiltration layer on Ti6Al4V alloy surface","authors":"Nianqiang Li , Zikun Tang , Yonghua Duan , Zhiqi Feng , Lishi Ma , Shanju Zheng , Mingjun Peng , Mengnie Li","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131997","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rare earth oxides borided as well as boron-aluminized composite layers were prepared on Ti6Al4V titanium alloy using a solid-state diffusion method. The corrosion behavior and mechanisms of the coatings were studied in 3.5 wt% NaCl and 5.0 vol% H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> solutions, with a focus on the effects of different rare earth oxides. Results showed that treated samples exhibited more stable hydrogen evolution and uniform corrosion rates compared to untreated Ti6Al4V, forming a protective product layer that enhanced corrosion resistance. Among them, the Tm<img>B sample showed the best electrochemical performance in both solutions, as Tm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> promoted the formation of a thicker TiB<sub>2</sub> layer, providing excellent resistance by blocking ion penetration and reducing substrate activity. The boron-aluminized composite layer, while slightly less effective due to residual Al<sub>3</sub>Ti, provided dual protection by combining the properties of TiB<sub>2</sub> and aluminum phases, improving the alloy's resistance to corrosion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"503 ","pages":"Article 131997"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Silicate is considered a promising material for environmental barrier coatings on hot-section components of aircraft engines. However, the interaction of lutetium silicate coating in the molten calcium‑magnesium-aluminosilicate exposure has not been reported yet. In this study, the interaction of nanostructured Lu2Si2O7/Lu2SiO5 environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) with CMAS was systematically investigated at 1300–1400 °C for 25–50 h aiming to clarify the corrosion mechanism of the coatings. Results indicated that the Lu2Si2O7/Lu2SiO5 coatings remained intact and the molten CMAS did not penetrate the Lu2SiO5 layer after corroded at 1400 °C for 50 h. In addition, the recession layer and TGO layer thicknesses of the coatings after corroded at 1400 °C for 50 h were 82.5 μm and 2.27 μm, respectively. The CMAS corrosion resistance of nanostructured Lu2Si2O7/Lu2SiO5 coating is superior to that of ytterbium silicate coatings. The results of this work highlight that the Lu2Si2O7/Lu2SiO5 coatings with significantly enhanced CMAS resistance performance might be suitable for advanced EBCs applications.
{"title":"Interaction of nanostructured Lu2Si2O7/Lu2SiO5 double-ceramic layer environmental barrier coatings with CMAS","authors":"Donghui Guo, Runze Jin, Baolu Shi, Xinlei Jia, Shun Wang, Baosheng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silicate is considered a promising material for environmental barrier coatings on hot-section components of aircraft engines. However, the interaction of lutetium silicate coating in the molten calcium‑magnesium-aluminosilicate exposure has not been reported yet. In this study, the interaction of nanostructured Lu<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>/Lu<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>5</sub> environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) with CMAS was systematically investigated at 1300–1400 °C for 25–50 h aiming to clarify the corrosion mechanism of the coatings. Results indicated that the Lu<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>/Lu<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>5</sub> coatings remained intact and the molten CMAS did not penetrate the Lu<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>5</sub> layer after corroded at 1400 °C for 50 h. In addition, the recession layer and TGO layer thicknesses of the coatings after corroded at 1400 °C for 50 h were 82.5 μm and 2.27 μm, respectively. The CMAS corrosion resistance of nanostructured Lu<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>/Lu<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>5</sub> coating is superior to that of ytterbium silicate coatings. The results of this work highlight that the Lu<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>/Lu<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>5</sub> coatings with significantly enhanced CMAS resistance performance might be suitable for advanced EBCs applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"502 ","pages":"Article 131994"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131996
Xuqiang Li , Haimin Zhai , Wensheng Li , Meng Wang , Zheyun Zhang , Shuai Cui
This study investigated the microstructure, residual stress, and bonding performance of Fe-based amorphous coatings (AMCs) on AZ31B magnesium alloy substrates to elucidate the deposition mechanisms and interfacial characterization. The results demonstrate that the coatings possess a typical amorphous structure, with amorphous content exceeding 95 % in all cases. The impact of particles caused a molten layer on the surface of the magnesium alloy substrate, facilitating atomic diffusion and resulting in a localized metallurgical bonding at the coating-substrate interface. The internal lamellar interface of the coating primarily relies on mechanical and physical bonding due to oxidation. Additionally, the near-interface magnesium alloy substrate effectively reduces the strain mismatch at the coating-substrate interface and dissipates residual stresses in the coating through its own plastic deformation, resulting in near-zero residual stress. Nonetheless, due to stress release and the edge-loaded plate cracking model, weak bonding regions, approximately 50–170 μm, exist in the Fe-based AMCs on AZ31B magnesium alloy substrate. Beyond this range, the surface properties of the coating were significantly improved. These findings provide valuable insights for the design of coatings on magnesium alloy surfaces and the reduction of residual stresses in thermal spray coatings.
{"title":"Deposition and interfacial characterization of Fe-based amorphous coating deposited on AZ31B magnesium alloy","authors":"Xuqiang Li , Haimin Zhai , Wensheng Li , Meng Wang , Zheyun Zhang , Shuai Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the microstructure, residual stress, and bonding performance of Fe-based amorphous coatings (AMCs) on AZ31B magnesium alloy substrates to elucidate the deposition mechanisms and interfacial characterization. The results demonstrate that the coatings possess a typical amorphous structure, with amorphous content exceeding 95 % in all cases. The impact of particles caused a molten layer on the surface of the magnesium alloy substrate, facilitating atomic diffusion and resulting in a localized metallurgical bonding at the coating-substrate interface. The internal lamellar interface of the coating primarily relies on mechanical and physical bonding due to oxidation. Additionally, the near-interface magnesium alloy substrate effectively reduces the strain mismatch at the coating-substrate interface and dissipates residual stresses in the coating through its own plastic deformation, resulting in near-zero residual stress. Nonetheless, due to stress release and the edge-loaded plate cracking model, weak bonding regions, approximately 50–170 μm, exist in the Fe-based AMCs on AZ31B magnesium alloy substrate. Beyond this range, the surface properties of the coating were significantly improved. These findings provide valuable insights for the design of coatings on magnesium alloy surfaces and the reduction of residual stresses in thermal spray coatings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"502 ","pages":"Article 131996"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131995
Yanhong Zhuang , Ruixiong Zhai , Taihong Huang , Jinghong Du , Yantong Man , Zijie Yang , Rui Zhou , Jie Yu , Peng Song
Different thicknesses of MoSi2 coatings were deposited on TZC alloy by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). The microstructure and oxidation behavior of the coatings at 1300 °C and 1500 °C were studied. When MoSi2 coatings were oxidized in air at high temperatures, the outward diffused Si formed SiO2 on the MoSi2 layer. Also, due to the inward diffusion of Si, the Mo5Si3 phase was formed between the MoSi2 coating and the substrate. The oxidation behavior was controlled by micromorphology and residual stress as coating thicknesses varied. The MoSi2 coatings exhibit good oxidation resistance, but the thickest coating (1352 μm) presents more cracks in the SiO2 scale and reduces the oxidation resistance. The cracks on the oxide layer of the ultra-thick coating provide more pathways for oxygen diffusion, gradually rendering the protective effect of the coating on the substrate ineffective. We explain the evolution of the crack initiation and surface morphology of the protective SiO2 scale based on the residual stress (mainly growth stress) and SiO2 viscosity.
{"title":"Structural evolution of ultra-thick MoSi2 protective coatings on the surface of TZC alloy at high temperatures","authors":"Yanhong Zhuang , Ruixiong Zhai , Taihong Huang , Jinghong Du , Yantong Man , Zijie Yang , Rui Zhou , Jie Yu , Peng Song","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131995","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Different thicknesses of MoSi<sub>2</sub> coatings were deposited on TZC alloy by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). The microstructure and oxidation behavior of the coatings at 1300 °C and 1500 °C were studied. When MoSi<sub>2</sub> coatings were oxidized in air at high temperatures, the outward diffused Si formed SiO<sub>2</sub> on the MoSi<sub>2</sub> layer. Also, due to the inward diffusion of Si, the Mo<sub>5</sub>Si<sub>3</sub> phase was formed between the MoSi<sub>2</sub> coating and the substrate. The oxidation behavior was controlled by micromorphology and residual stress as coating thicknesses varied. The MoSi<sub>2</sub> coatings exhibit good oxidation resistance, but the thickest coating (1352 μm) presents more cracks in the SiO<sub>2</sub> scale and reduces the oxidation resistance. The cracks on the oxide layer of the ultra-thick coating provide more pathways for oxygen diffusion, gradually rendering the protective effect of the coating on the substrate ineffective. We explain the evolution of the crack initiation and surface morphology of the protective SiO<sub>2</sub> scale based on the residual stress (mainly growth stress) and SiO<sub>2</sub> viscosity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"503 ","pages":"Article 131995"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131962
Martina Janůšová , David Nečas , Paula Navascués , Dirk Hegemann , Stevan Gavranović , Lenka Zajíčková
Plasma polymer deposition processes are well-studied and optimized on flat substrates. Understanding the role of substrate geometry is crucial for optimizing deposition on non-planar substrates. We investigated the altered transport of film-forming species into two 3D geometries, cavities with a slit opening and a cavity with an undercut, to assess the contribution of ions to the deposition and etching and to estimate the sticking coefficient of depositing species for the CO2/C2H4/Ar gas mixture. Profilometry and ellipsometry were employed to obtain film thicknesses. It revealed a significant extension of the deposition inside the cavities attributed to film-forming species with a low sticking coefficient. These depositing species contain less oxygen because a spatially resolved ATR-FTIR analysis revealed an increasing proportion of hydrocarbons further inside the cavity. Inside the cavities with a slit, the film thickness exceeded its value on the flat Si surface outside. This difference indicated that ions responsible for etching collide during their flight toward the growing film inside the slit. However, it also suggests that some ionic species contribute to the deposition because directional species become more prominent under the slit than outside due to the geometrical shielding of thermalized species represented by the structure’s angular aperture. Monte Carlo simulations inside the cavity with different slits confirmed that diffusion alone did not explain the experimentally obtained profiles, as the model considering thermalized deposition and etching particles is not able to reproduce the narrow film thickness profiles obtained in the cavities with a slit. The model with directional particles demonstrated significantly better agreement.
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