Exploring algal diversity for enhanced nutrition: Implications for human health and sustainability

Abstract

There has been a high demand for sustainable and nutrient-rich protein sources due to the increase in global population. In the search of protein source, algae have emerged as a promising nutrient-rich protein source with abundance, high-value nutritional components, and environmental sustainability. This review investigates the diverse nutritional potential of algae, focusing on their importance to human health and nutrition. Algal biomass, encompassing both microalgae and macroalgae, is rich in essential nutrients such as proteins, vitamins, lipids, minerals and bioactive compounds. Microalgae, notable for their high biomass productivity and resilience to various environmental conditions, are particularly valued for their nutritional benefits. Macroalgae offer distinct nutritional advantages, making them as a popular dietary staple. The review highlights the critical role of algae in addressing malnutrition and managing lifestyle-related disorders, including cardiovascular health and immune function enhancement, as evidenced by marine algal polysaccharides from species like Porphyra haitanensis, Enteromorpha prolifera, Enteromorpha clathrata, which demonstrate the cardioprotective effects through gut microbiota modulation. Sustainable production and harvesting techniques further highlight their potential as a viable, eco-friendly protein source for the future.