Dose-response curve for induction of unstable chromosome aberrations by 6 MV linear accelerator photons: Analysis of intra-experimental variations

Abstract

Cytogenetic biodosimetry relies on dose-response curves (DRCs) for each type of radiation that can cause a radiation emergency. We have constructed a DRC based on the dicentric assay. Blood samples from four healthy volunteers were irradiated with acute 6 MV linac photons, 0.46–4.55 Gy; 0.68 and 1.37 Gy doses were used in the ‘blind’ validation study. Lymphocytes were cultured with variations in time delay in mitogenic stimulation after irradiation (2 vs. 16 h) and mitotic arrest by colchicine (3.5 vs. 16 h). Aberrations were scored in the first division metaphases, ensured by fluorescence-plus-Giemsa staining. DRCs for dicentrics and dicentrics plus centric rings were efficiently fitted using the linear-quadratic model. We show, for the first time, that neither prolonged mitotic arrest nor delayed mitogenic stimulation has any effect on DRC. However, the latter factor caused a significant increase in the yield of the second division metaphase in culture. Inter-donor differences in the DRC for aberrations were not large, but individual changes in the frequencies of second-division cells were highly variable. In the validation study, the DRC combined from all experimental series provided dose estimates that were as accurate as those, obtained using the donors’ individual or culture-type specific DRCs. The DRC coefficients in present study were slightly higher than those reported previously for linac beams and close to values for orthovoltage X-rays. Further cytogenetic studies of megavoltage radiation beams require stringent standardization of experimental conditions.