Nano delivery systems in stem cell therapy: Transforming regenerative medicine and overcoming clinical challenges

Abstract

Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising approach in regenerative medicine, offering potential treatments for various degenerative diseases and injuries. However, the clinical application of stem cell therapy faces challenges such as low cell viability, inefficient delivery to target sites, and immune rejection. Nanodelivery systems (NDS) have the potential to address these limitations and enhance the efficacy of stem cell-based treatments. This review looks at how NDS can help stem cell therapy work well by creating a safe environment, allowing targeted delivery, and making it easier to control the release of therapeutic factors. The article discusses various types of NDS, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, and magnetic nanoparticles, highlighting their unique properties and advantages in stem cell therapy applications. Furthermore, the review examines the potential of NDS in specific areas of regenerative medicine, such as cardiovascular regeneration, neurodegenerative diseases, musculoskeletal tissue repair, and wound healing. The article also addresses the challenges and limitations associated with NDS, such as biocompatibility, toxicity, manufacturing scalability, and regulatory hurdles. Finally, the article explores the future trajectory of nanotechnology in stem cell therapy, discussing the utilization of intelligent nanoparticles, precision genetic modifications, and the benefits of personalized nanomedicine.