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Corrigendum to “SNEDDS delivery of black sticky rice extract: Hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential” [Nano TransMed 5 (2026) 100111] “sndds输送黑糯米提取物:肝保护和抗氧化潜力”的勘误表[Nano TransMed 5 (2026) 100111]
Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2026.100114
Anggun Hari Kusumawati , Elfahmi Elfahmi , Afrillia Nuryanti Garmana , Rachmat Mauludin
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引用次数: 0
Nanoparticle-mediated cardiotoxicity and nanomedicine interventions in cancer treatment 纳米颗粒介导的心脏毒性和纳米药物干预癌症治疗
Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2026.100113
Emmanuel O. Oisakede , Olawunmi O. Oyedeji , Olabanke Florence Olawuyi , John Oluwatosin Alabi , Raphael Igbarumah Ayo Daniel , David B. Olawade
Nanoparticle-based therapies have emerged as transformative tools in oncology, offering targeted drug delivery, improved pharmacokinetics, and minimised systemic toxicity. However, accumulating evidence suggests that whilst nanomedicines enhance therapeutic efficacy, they may inadvertently induce cardiotoxic effects through mechanisms including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, immune activation, endothelial injury, and off-target accumulation in cardiac tissues. This narrative review synthesises current literature on the cardiotoxic potential of various nanoparticle classes, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, metallic nanostructures, dendrimers, and carbon-based materials. Following an established narrative review framework, we examined how nanoparticle physicochemical properties, administration parameters, and patient-specific factors contribute to cardiac risks, evaluated current and emerging methodologies for detecting nanoparticle-induced cardiotoxicity, and explored mitigation strategies through nanomedicine design innovations and artificial intelligence integration. The assessment of nanoparticle-induced cardiotoxicity faces significant challenges, including absent standardised evaluation protocols, limited sensitivity of traditional diagnostic tools, and difficulties isolating nanoparticle-specific effects from concurrent cancer therapies. Promising solutions encompass advanced in vitro cardiac models (organoids, heart-on-a-chip), novel biomarkers (microRNAs, extracellular vesicles), molecular imaging technologies, and computational modelling. Preventative strategies involve surface modification, biodegradable or biomimetic materials, co-delivery of cardioprotective agents, and stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems. Artificial intelligence is enhancing nanoparticle design optimisation, toxicity prediction, and personalised monitoring through digital twin models and AI-assisted imaging. As nanomedicine advances cancer care, addressing cardiotoxic risks through interdisciplinary collaboration, improved regulatory frameworks, and precision cardio-oncology strategies is imperative for ensuring safe, effective nanoparticle use in cancer treatment.
基于纳米颗粒的治疗已经成为肿瘤学的变革性工具,提供靶向给药,改善药代动力学,并将全身毒性降至最低。然而,越来越多的证据表明,虽然纳米药物提高了治疗效果,但它们可能通过氧化应激、线粒体功能障碍、免疫激活、内皮损伤和心脏组织脱靶积累等机制无意中诱导心脏毒性作用。这篇叙述性综述综合了目前关于各种纳米颗粒类的心脏毒性潜力的文献,包括脂质体、聚合物纳米颗粒、金属纳米结构、树状大分子和碳基材料。根据既定的叙事回顾框架,我们研究了纳米颗粒的物理化学性质、给药参数和患者特异性因素如何导致心脏风险,评估了当前和新兴的检测纳米颗粒诱导心脏毒性的方法,并通过纳米药物设计创新和人工智能集成探索了缓解策略。纳米颗粒诱导的心脏毒性评估面临着重大挑战,包括缺乏标准化的评估方案,传统诊断工具的灵敏度有限,以及难以从同步癌症治疗中分离纳米颗粒特异性效应。有前景的解决方案包括先进的体外心脏模型(类器官、芯片上的心脏)、新型生物标志物(microrna、细胞外囊泡)、分子成像技术和计算建模。预防策略包括表面修饰、可生物降解或仿生材料、共同递送心脏保护剂和刺激反应性药物递送系统。人工智能正在通过数字孪生模型和人工智能辅助成像增强纳米颗粒设计优化、毒性预测和个性化监测。随着纳米医学推进癌症治疗,通过跨学科合作、改进的监管框架和精确的心脏肿瘤学策略来解决心脏毒性风险是确保安全、有效地在癌症治疗中使用纳米颗粒的必要条件。
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引用次数: 0
Curcumin poly D-L lactide nanoparticles demonstrate superior antiplasmodial Efficacy and multi-target binding compared with dihydroartemisinin: Integrative in vivo and in silico analyses 与双氢青蒿素相比,姜黄素聚D-L丙交酯纳米颗粒具有更好的抗疟原虫功效和多靶点结合:体内和硅分析
Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100112
Olorunfemi Abraham Eseyin , Aniekan Stephen Ebong , Ekarika Clement Johnson , Emmanuel Olorunsola , Imaobong Etti , Grace Essien , Johnny Imoh , Ekaete Akpabio , Emmanuel I. Etim , Grace Effiong , Sheryar Afzal

Background

The urgent rise of drug-resistant malaria underscores the need for innovative antimalarial agents with multi-targeting capabilities. Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound derived from turmeric, is known for its extensive pharmacological properties; however, its low bioavailability hinders its clinical application. This study compared the antiplasmodial activity, safety profile, and multitarget binding potential of curcumin and its nanoparticle formulations with those of dihydroartemisinin (DHA).

Methods

Curcumin nanoparticles were produced using a modified emulsion-solvent evaporation technique and were characterized through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and dynamic light scattering methods. Acute oral toxicity assessments were conducted in mice following the OECD Guideline 423. Swiss albino mice infected with P. berghei NK-65 were treated with varying doses of curcumin, nanocurcumin, DHA, or distilled water. The parasitemia level was evaluated using Giemsa-stained blood smears. Additionally, molecular docking studies were conducted using AutoDock Vina to target key proteins of P. falciparum, with the visualisation of protein-ligand interactions carried out in Discovery Studio.

Results

Both curcumin and nanocurcumin exhibited a dose-dependent increase in parasite clearance, significantly surpassing DHA. Notably, nanocurcumin at lower doses achieved over 90 % reduction in parasitemia. Acute toxicity evaluation indicated no fatalities or severe adverse effects at doses up to 5000 mg/kg. Curcumin exhibited superior binding affinities and more comprehensive interactions with various parasite targets compared with DHA.

Conclusion

Curcumin, especially in its nanoparticle form, displays potent multi-target antiplasmodial activity and a favourable safety profile in mice, outperforming DHA. These findings advocate for the continued development of curcumin-based therapeutic strategies for malaria, particularly against strains exhibiting drug resistance.
耐药疟疾的迅速崛起凸显了开发具有多靶点能力的创新型抗疟药物的必要性。姜黄素是一种从姜黄中提取的多酚类化合物,以其广泛的药理特性而闻名;但其生物利用度低,阻碍了其临床应用。本研究比较了姜黄素及其纳米颗粒制剂与双氢青蒿素(DHA)的抗疟原虫活性、安全性和多靶点结合潜力。方法采用改进的乳剂-溶剂蒸发法制备莪术素纳米颗粒,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和动态光散射方法对其进行表征。根据经合组织指南423,对小鼠进行了急性口服毒性评估。感染伯氏假体NK-65的瑞士白化小鼠用不同剂量的姜黄素、纳米姜黄素、DHA或蒸馏水治疗。采用吉氏染色血涂片评价寄生虫血症水平。此外,利用AutoDock Vina对恶性疟原虫的关键蛋白进行分子对接研究,并在Discovery Studio中可视化蛋白质与配体的相互作用。结果姜黄素和纳米姜黄素均表现出剂量依赖性,明显超过DHA。值得注意的是,较低剂量的纳米姜黄素使寄生虫病减少了90% %以上。急性毒性评估表明,剂量高达5000 mg/kg时无死亡或严重不良反应。与DHA相比,姜黄素表现出更强的结合亲和力和更全面的与寄生虫靶点的相互作用。结论姜黄素,尤其是纳米颗粒形式的姜黄素,在小鼠中具有强效的多靶点抗疟原虫活性和良好的安全性,优于DHA。这些发现提倡继续发展以姜黄素为基础的疟疾治疗策略,特别是针对表现出耐药性的菌株。
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引用次数: 0
Synergistic activity of photoactivated curcumin-derived nanocomplexes in combination with antibiotics against planktonic and biofilm bacterial cells 光活化姜黄素衍生纳米复合物与抗生素联合对浮游和生物膜细菌细胞的协同作用
Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100110
Humberto Antonio Salazar-Sesatty , Edeer Iván Montoya-Hinojosa , Luis D. Terrazas-Armendariz , Cynthia A. Alvizo-Baez , Daniel Salas-Treviño , Paola Bocanegra-Ibarias , Adrián Camacho-Ortiz , Itza E. Luna-Cruz , Juan M. Alcocer-González , Samantha Flores-Treviño

Background

Alternative antimicrobial strategies such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and curcumin-derived nanocomplexes were assessed in this study against biofilm cells of Gram-positive and Gram-negative clinical isolates.

Methods

Curcumin-derived nanocomplexes (curcumin-chitosan magnetic nanoparticles [Cur-Chi-MNPs], carbon magnetic-nanoparticles [Cur-C-MNPs] and Curcumin-derived carbon quantum dots [Cur-QDs] were synthetized and characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. The antimicrobial activity of photoactivated curcumin-derived nanocomplexes after blue light (400 −470 nm), green light (495 −570 nm), and red light (620 −750 nm) exposure was assessed on biofilm bacterial cells of clinical isolates of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

Results

Photoactivation of curcumin by green, red light and blue light increased the antibiofilm activity against Gram-positive isolates and Gram-negative isolates, but the effect was higher in Gram-positive pathogens. Green light photoactivation of Cur-Chi-MNPs and Cur-QDs yielded antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus lugdunensis, whilst Cur-C-MNPs showed antibiofilm activity only against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia regardless of photoactivation.

Conclusions

Photoactivated curcumin-derived nanocomplexes showed antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Nanocurcumin-mediated aPDT could be a potential treatment option for biofilm eradication of clinical drug-resistant infections.
本研究评估了革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性临床分离株生物膜细胞的替代抗菌策略,如抗菌光动力疗法(aPDT)和姜黄素衍生纳米复合物。方法合成姜黄素衍生的纳米配合物(姜黄素-壳聚糖磁性纳米颗粒[curc - mnps]、碳磁性纳米颗粒[curc - mnps]和姜黄素衍生的碳量子点[curd - qds]),并利用扫描电镜、透射电镜、原子力显微镜和动态光散射对其进行表征。在蓝光(400 −470 nm)、绿光(495 −570 nm)和红光(620 −750 nm)照射下,对临床分离的革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌的生物膜细菌细胞进行了抑菌活性评估。结果绿光、红光和蓝光对姜黄素的光活化作用可提高其对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性病原菌的抗菌活性,但对革兰氏阳性病原菌的作用更大。绿光激活后的cu - ki - mnps和cu - qds对葡萄球菌具有抗菌活性,而无论光激活与否,cu - c - mnps仅对嗜麦寡养单胞菌具有抗菌活性。结论光活化姜黄素纳米复合物对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性菌株具有抗菌和抗生物膜作用。纳米姜黄素介导的aPDT可能是生物膜根除临床耐药感染的潜在治疗选择。
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引用次数: 0
SNEDDS delivery of black sticky rice extract: Hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential SNEDDS输送黑糯米提取物:保肝和抗氧化潜力
Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100111
Anggun Hari Kusumawati , Elfahmi Elfahmi , Afrillia Nuryanti Garmana , Rachmat Mauludin
Black sticky rice (Oryza sativa var. glutinosa Blanco) Extract (BSRE) contains a high concentration of polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins with known antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects. Nevertheless, its clinical application is limited by poor water solubility and low bioavailability. This study is intended to develop and evaluate self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) and solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (S-SNEDDS) formulations of BSRE to enhance its antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects. The systems are characterized for their physicochemical properties and evaluated in vitro and in vivo in carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced liver damage in rats. Ethanolic maceration extraction was performed, followed by phytochemical and ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS)/MS fingerprinting. SNEDDS was formulated with corn oil, Tween 80, and propylene glycol and optimized through pseudo-ternary phase diagrams. The optimized system was then adsorbed onto Neusilin® US2 to produce S-SNEDDS. Both systems were characterized for droplet size, emulsification time, zeta potential, and thermodynamic stability. Dissolution and antioxidant activity (DPPH assay) were measured in vitro, while in vivo efficacy was tested in the CCl₄-induced hepatotoxicity rat model. BSRE was found to have high cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (13.87 ± 0.12 mg/g) and quercetin (24.10 ± 1.34 mg/g) content. SNEDDS produced nano-sized droplets (∼15 nm) with fast emulsification and enhanced solubility at pH 1.2, 4.5, and 6.8. Antioxidant activity was markedly improved in SNEDDS-BSRE (IC50: 32.6 µg/mL) compared to crude BSRE (IC50: 47.4 µg/mL). SNEDDS-BSRE at 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight (BW) significantly lowered serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and bilirubin (BIL) and normalized albumin (ALB) level. Histopathological analysis confirmed reduced hepatic necrosis and inflammation. This investigation illustrates that SNEDDS-based delivery system profoundly improves the physicochemical stability, antioxidant activity, and hepatoprotective effect of BSRE, favoring its development as a functional nutraceutical. Additional pharmacokinetic and clinical studies are necessary to establish its translational feasibility.
黑糯米(Oryza sativa var. glutinosa Blanco)提取物(BSRE)含有高浓度的多酚、类黄酮和花青素,具有抗氧化和保护肝脏的作用。但其水溶性差、生物利用度低,限制了其临床应用。本研究旨在开发和评价BSRE的自纳米乳化给药系统(SNEDDS)和固体自纳米乳化给药系统(S-SNEDDS)配方,以增强其抗氧化和保护肝脏的作用。研究了该体系的理化性质,并在体外和体内对四氯化碳(CCl₄)诱导的大鼠肝损伤进行了评估。乙醇浸渍提取,植物化学和超高效液相色谱串联质谱(UPLC-MS)/MS指纹图谱分析。以玉米油、吐温80和丙二醇为原料配制SNEDDS,并通过拟三元相图进行优化。然后将优化后的体系吸附在Neusilin®US2上,生成S-SNEDDS。对两种体系的液滴大小、乳化时间、zeta电位和热力学稳定性进行了表征。体外测定其溶出度和抗氧化活性(DPPH),并在CCl - 4肝毒性大鼠模型中检测其体内药效。结果表明,BSRE中花青素-3- o -葡萄糖苷(13.87 ± 0.12 mg/g)和槲皮素(24.10 ± 1.34 mg/g)含量较高。SNEDDS产生纳米级液滴(~ 15 nm),在pH 1.2、4.5和6.8下具有快速乳化和增强溶解度。与粗BSRE (IC50: 47.4 µg/mL)相比,SNEDDS-BSRE的抗氧化活性显著提高(IC50: 32.6 µg/mL)。100和200 mg/kg体重(BW)组血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、γ-谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、胆红素(BIL)和标准化白蛋白(ALB)水平显著降低。组织病理学分析证实肝坏死和炎症减轻。本研究表明,基于snedds的给药系统可大大提高BSRE的理化稳定性、抗氧化活性和肝脏保护作用,有利于其作为功能性营养保健品的发展。需要进一步的药代动力学和临床研究来确定其转化的可行性。
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引用次数: 0
Next-generation injectable hydrogels: Advanced crosslinking strategies, multi-stimuli responsiveness, and translational advances for precision regenerative medicine 下一代可注射水凝胶:先进的交联策略,多刺激反应,以及精确再生医学的转化进展
Pub Date : 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100109
Govindaraj Sabarees, Yobu Sam Jebaraj, Elumalai Ezhilarasan, Yuvaraj Dravid Ragul
Injectable hydrogels represent a transformative platform in biomaterials, enabling minimally invasive delivery and precise therapeutic localization with biomimetic structural and functional properties. Recent innovations in chemistry and crosslinking ranging from photopolymerization, click chemistry, and Schiff’s base formation to enzyme-mediated catalysis and supramolecular assemblies allow finely tuned gelation kinetics, mechanical strength, degradation, and responsive bioactivity under physiological conditions. This comprehensive review systematically examines next-generation injectable hydrogels, highlighting chemical and physical crosslinking mechanisms and integration of multi-stimuli responsiveness including temperature, pH, light, and enzymatic triggers to achieve spatiotemporal control of tissue regeneration and drug delivery. We critically evaluate translational advances across diverse tissue engineering domains such as bone, cartilage, cardiac, neural, skin, liver, pancreas, vascular, and periodontal tissues. Challenges in scalability, reproducibility, sterilization, and regulatory approval remain, yet ongoing progress in biofunctionalization and injectable biofabrication underpins their promise for personalized regenerative medicine. Bridging fundamental materials science and clinical translation, injectable hydrogels are poised to revolutionize minimally invasive therapies and precision medicine in the decade ahead.
可注射水凝胶代表了生物材料的变革平台,具有仿生结构和功能特性,可以实现微创输送和精确的治疗定位。最近在化学和交联方面的创新,从光聚合、点击化学、希夫碱形成到酶介导的催化和超分子组装,可以在生理条件下精细调节凝胶动力学、机械强度、降解和反应性生物活性。这篇综合综述系统地研究了下一代可注射水凝胶,强调了化学和物理交联机制以及多刺激反应性的整合,包括温度、pH、光和酶触发,以实现组织再生和药物递送的时空控制。我们批判性地评估不同组织工程领域的转化进展,如骨、软骨、心脏、神经、皮肤、肝脏、胰腺、血管和牙周组织。可扩展性、可重复性、灭菌和监管审批方面的挑战仍然存在,但生物功能化和可注射生物制造方面的持续进展支撑了它们对个性化再生医学的承诺。连接基础材料科学和临床转化,可注射水凝胶准备在未来十年彻底改变微创治疗和精准医学。
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引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to “Platelet lysate promotes proliferation and angiogenic activity of dental pulp stem cells via store-operated Ca2+ entry” [Nano TransMed 2 (2023) 100021] “血小板裂解液通过储存操作的Ca2+进入促进牙髓干细胞的增殖和血管生成活性”的勘误[Nano TransMed 2 (2023) 100021]
Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100094
Xiangyan Liao , Min Chen , Yuan Zhang , Shengcun Li , Yejian Li , Yan He , Yanteng Zhao , Lihua Luo
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引用次数: 0
RETRACTED: Abutilon indicum-mediated green synthesis of NiO and ZnO nanoparticles: Spectral profiling and anticancer potential against human cervical cancer for public health progression [Nano TransMed 3C (2024) 100049] 撤回:Abutilon铟介导的NiO和ZnO纳米颗粒的绿色合成:光谱分析和抗癌潜力对人类宫颈癌的公共健康进展[纳米TransMed 3C (2024) 100049]
Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100098
Vinotha Mani , Keerthana Shrri Gopinath , Nithya Varadharaju , Dapkupar Wankhar , Arjunan Annavi
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引用次数: 0
Electrospun based functional scaffolds for biomedical engineering: A review 生物医学工程中基于电纺丝的功能支架的研究进展
Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2024.100055
Laldinthari Suamte, Punuri Jayasekhar Babu
Tissue engineering (TE) has made significant strides and progress in the development of functional biomaterials. Among different techniques that has been adopted, electrospinning is a versatile and widely adopted fabrication process for creating biomedical scaffolds. These intricate 3-dimensional matrices play a crucial role in various tissue engineering applications. Electrospinning is a technique commonly utilized in TE as it produces ultrafine fibres through an electric field to draw polymer solutions, melting them into thin fibres. These fibres form a scaffold with a high surface area-to-volume ratio, making them ideal for tissue engineering. This review discusses the various biomedical applications of electrospun scaffolds in different fields, such as dentistry, bone regeneration, wound healing, bone marrow regeneration, vascular tissue engineering, corneal regeneration and liver tissue engineering. Also, this review highlights the multiple parameters affecting the design of the scaffolds for tissue regeneration. As research in this field continues, electrospun scaffolds are likely to become more reliable and effective. Their ability to mimic natural tissue structures and promote cellular interactions positions them as a promising avenue for future biomedical advancements.
组织工程(TE)在功能生物材料的开发方面取得了重大进展。在已采用的不同技术中,静电纺丝是一种用途广泛且被广泛采用的制造生物医学支架的工艺。这些复杂的三维矩阵在各种组织工程应用中起着至关重要的作用。静电纺丝技术是一种常用的技术,它通过电场吸收聚合物溶液,将其熔化成细纤维,从而产生超细纤维。这些纤维形成具有高表面积体积比的支架,使其成为组织工程的理想材料。本文综述了电纺丝支架在牙科、骨再生、伤口愈合、骨髓再生、血管组织工程、角膜再生和肝脏组织工程等不同领域的生物医学应用。此外,本文还重点介绍了影响组织再生支架设计的多个参数。随着这一领域研究的继续,电纺丝支架可能会变得更加可靠和有效。它们模拟自然组织结构和促进细胞相互作用的能力使它们成为未来生物医学进步的有希望的途径。
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引用次数: 0
A mini-review on the multimodal applications of engineered magnetic nanoparticles in diagnosis and therapy 工程磁性纳米颗粒在诊断和治疗中的多模态应用综述
Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100100
Jagabandhu Bag , Rudradeep Hazra , Rupam Mahish , Avijit Kumar Dey , Dishani Sukul , Ashok Kumar S K , Sourav De
The magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have emerged as multifunctional tools in recent medicine by virtue of their tunable size, larger surface area, and characteristic magnetic properties. Engineered MNPs have been well investigated in the recent two decades for diagnostic imaging, targeted drug delivery, hyperthermia, and multifunctional therapeutic applications. Their efficacy is profoundly dependent on controlled synthesis, surface functionalization, and biocompatibility, significantly influencing stability, biodistribution, and clinical efficacy. Recent work demonstrates their potential for imaging sensitivity enhancement, precise drug targeting, and therapeutic efficacy improvement through multifunctional integration of diagnostic and therapeutic functions. Despite aggregation, toxicity, and scalability challenges, continuous innovation in synthesis methodology and surface engineering is enhancing their translational potential. This review provides current developments in the design and biomedical applications of engineered MNPs, which emphasize their value in promoting personalized medicine and theranostics. Ultimately, MNPs are a revolutionary platform that integrates diagnosis and therapy, opening up new avenues toward effective and minimally invasive patient care.
磁性纳米颗粒(MNPs)凭借其可调节的尺寸、更大的表面积和独特的磁性,在最近的医学中成为多功能工具。近二十年来,工程MNPs在诊断成像、靶向药物输送、热疗和多功能治疗方面的应用得到了很好的研究。它们的疗效很大程度上依赖于受控的合成、表面功能化和生物相容性,显著影响稳定性、生物分布和临床疗效。最近的研究表明,通过诊断和治疗功能的多功能整合,它们具有增强成像灵敏度、精确药物靶向和改善治疗效果的潜力。尽管存在聚集性、毒性和可扩展性方面的挑战,但合成方法和表面工程的不断创新正在增强它们的转化潜力。本文综述了工程化MNPs的设计和生物医学应用的最新进展,强调了它们在促进个性化医疗和治疗方面的价值。最终,MNPs是一个整合诊断和治疗的革命性平台,为有效和微创患者护理开辟了新的途径。
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引用次数: 0
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