Nano TransMed最新文献

The therapeutic potential of exosomes, which are nano-sized extracellular vesicles derived from various cell types, have drawn substantial interest in the field of dermatology. Exosomes have distinctive capabilities, including facilitating intercellular communication, delivering bioactive molecules, and modulating immune responses, which make them promising candidates for skin regeneration, wound healing, and treating dermatological disorders. Specifically, exosomes derived from the stem cells of mesenchymal and adipose cells, have numerous applications in skin repair and regeneration. Exosomes also find expanded applications in treatments and therapies related to hair. Exosomes emit signals and growth factors that impact the activity of nearby epithelial cells, encouraging their growth, specialization, and the development of hair formations. This review explores the efficacy of topical and transdermal applications of exosomes in skin and hair and highlight the transformative potential of exosome-based therapies in dermatology and pave the way for future research and clinical applications.

Gastric cancer is the fifth most common form of cancer across the globe, according to the latest WHO GLOBO-CAN 2022 report. Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) have been attracting attention for cancer therapy due to the many advantages they provide compared to traditional cancer treatment drug delivery systems. Specifically, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are potentially advantageous for clinical applications because of their biocompatibility and their application in biomedical imaging. A drawback of AuNPs is that their synthesis is typically very hazardous and produces a lot of toxic byproducts. However, the green synthesis of AuNPs overcomes this issue by using natural and biological derivatives (from microorganisms, fungi, plants, etc.). This allows for a safer and less toxic procedure, while maintaining the reliability and reproducibility of AuNP synthesis. Plant-synthesized AuNPs (PAuNPs) in particular present a greatly efficient and fast method for AuNP synthesis, due to the presence of reducing agents and capping agents in plant extracts to support the nucleation and formation of AuNPs. Herein, we review existing literature to summarize recent in vitro and in vivo developments of PAuNPs against gastric cancer. Categorization of the reviewed literature includes their physiochemical characterization, cytotoxic IC₅₀’s against gastric cancer cell lines, methods of gastric cancer cell death, and the change in relevant biomarker expressions due to PAuNP presence. A generalized gastric cancer cell death mechanism is concluded, which stems from the endocytotic uptake of PAuNPs that eventually leads to mitochondria dysfunction, nuclear fragmentation, autophagy expression alteration, apoptosis, and/or ferroptosis. Although in vivo developments for PAuNPs against gastric cancer are limited, studies have indicated PAuNPs’ ability to cause angiogenesis inhibition and tumor size reduction. The discussion includes comments on remaining challenges and additional work for the pre-clinical development of PAuNPs against gastric cancer.

In this article, we carried out the temperature dependent UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and electrical studies for normal and cancerous (glioma) DNA samples of single patient. Based on this method, we were able to monitor the denaturation process and thermal stability in these molecules. From the temperature dependent optical absorption data, we calculated various optical parameters for these two types of samples. The optical band gap of these samples were also estimated and discussed as per the experimental conditions. The various optical parameters calculated indicate that mutated (tumor) DNA is less stable than the normal one. From the DSC data, clear melting peaks were observed for the tumor and normal samples. Also various thermodynamic parameters like change in enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔS), and specific heat (Cp) were estimated. From the thermal study, it seems that the tumor DNA is less stable. Further from the electrical or current-voltage (I-V) characteristics data, the resistance for normal DNA decreases with temperature. But for tumor sample, it show anomalous behavior (like decreasing and then increasing trend) with temperature. For electrical transport, small polaron hopping could be the possible transport mechanism in the current sample. Here from these studies, the tumor sample seems more disordered, and structural fluctuations due to the speculated structure could be the best reason for this behavior. If such kind of molecular (at nano scale range) studied are done more vividly, then these calculated parameters of the molecule could be explored for further confirmation/diagnostics of the diseases in addition to clinical investigations.

Asterarcys-mediated algal extract, which is non-toxic and renewable, was used to synthesize palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) efficiently and ecologically friendly. The palladium nanoparticle's fabrication was seen within two hours. UV spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX and TEM with SAED pattern were used to confirm the properties of the synthesized nanoparticles. Palladium nanoparticles have been developed, indicated by their deep brown color and broad UV-visible absorption spectra. The SAED and XRD patterns of the manufactured nanoparticles provided evidence of their face-centred cubic crystal structure. Because of reflections from the (1 1 1), (2 0 0), (2 2 0), (3 1 1), and (2 2 2) planes, the XRD pattern is broad, indicating that the FCC nanoparticles are crystalline in nature. The biomolecule responsible for Pd²⁺ reduction and PdNPs capping has been found by analyzing the FTIR spectra of dried PdNPs and dry algal powder. The average particle size, according to a TEM image, is 13 nm, whereas it ranges from 4 to 24 nm. In moderate reaction conditions, the catalytic activity of PdNPs was investigated in C-C cross-coupling processes including Mizoroki-Heck and Suzuki-Miyaura reactions. ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR were used to characterize the isolated product. The PdNPs exhibited strong catalytic activity and produced excellent conversion of the corresponding products.

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, characterized by their ultrathin profile and constructed from single or a few atomic layers, exhibit unique physical and chemical properties. These materials have recently emerged as a focal point in biomedicine, particularly in drug delivery, bio-sensing, and cancer therapy. Two-dimensional nanomaterials are widely employed in tumor immunotherapy due to their ability to modulate the tumor immune microenvironment and facilitate the delivery of crucial immunotherapeutic agents. Additionally, their integration with other therapeutic modalities can significantly enhance the overall effectiveness of cancer treatments. This review provides an initial overview of various 2D materials and their applications in tumor therapy. It progresses to a comprehensive analysis of how these nanomaterials influence the tumor microenvironment and immune cells, emphasizing their mechanisms and benefits in enhancing tumor immunotherapy. The review concludes by discussing prospective applications of 2D nanomaterials in cancer treatment, highlighting their substantial potential in advancing precision medicine and immune modulation.