Identifying the relative importance of cultivating medicinal plants in improving rural livelihoods

Abstract

The agricultural sector and its related industries form the backbone of many economies, particularly in developing countries. Among the vital sub-sectors of agriculture, medicinal plant cultivation has garnered significant attention. Iran, with its favorable climatic and geographical conditions, is home to a wide variety of medicinal plants. Medicinal plants hold significant strategic importance in sustainable development, contributing to economic growth, environmental conservation, public health improvement, employment generation, food security, and the preservation of genetic resources. This multifaceted role has enhanced their prominence at both national and global levels. Today, the deepening significance of medicinal plants, especially in pharmaceutical supply, marks them as a key development indicator worldwide. This study focuses on the relative importance of cultivating medicinal plants in improving rural livelihoods, a topic largely overlooked in prior research. The research tool’s validity and reliability were thoroughly assessed and confirmed. Regression analysis revealed that medicinal plant cultivation accounts for a 42% impact on rural livelihoods. The prioritization of these plants based on their contribution to livelihoods is as follows: 1) saffron, 2) barberry, 3) cumin, and 4) jujube. Given the significant role of medicinal plant cultivation in enhancing rural livelihoods and its potential for export in international markets, it is imperative to ensure their production adheres to scientific and legal standards. Furthermore, policies aimed at expanding and institutionalizing the processing and packaging of medicinal plants can play a critical role in reducing environmental pollution. To strengthen this sector, it is recommended to adopt advanced cultivation techniques, such as hydroponics, enhance transportation infrastructure, and promote the growth of startups in the medicinal plant industry through targeted financial and technical support. These strategies have the potential to significantly enhance rural economic opportunities while simultaneously promoting sustainable development and facilitating improved market access for medicinal plant products.