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Spatiotemporal changes and management measure to enhance ecosystem services in the Mongolian Plateau 蒙古高原的时空变化和加强生态系统服务的管理措施
IF 4.7 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2024.101103
Xianhua Wei , Xiaodong Wu , Dong Wang , Tonghua Wu , Ren Li , Guojie Hu , Defu Zou , Keyu Bai , Yadong Liu , Xuchun Yan , Xiaoying Fan , Avirmed Dashtseren , Saruulzaya Adiya
The eco-environment in many underdeveloped areas is vulnerable. Elucidating the changes and relationships in ecosystem services (ESs) is a fundamental basis for achieving sustainable development in these regions. Utilizing multiple data sources and models, we quantified water provision (WP), habitat quality (HQ), carbon fixation (CF), soil conservation (SC), and wind erosion prevention (WEP) on the Mongolian plateau during 1992–2018. We then analyzed the spatial-temporal changes, trade-offs/synergies, and bundles relationship of these ESs. The results indicated there was high spatial variability in five ESs across the plateau, with overall higher ESs in forested areas, and grassland and cropland areas had higher WEP values. The annual mean values of WP, HQ, CF, SC, and WEP in the plateau during 1992–2018 were 27.15 mm, 0.57, 176.17 gC·m2, 48.83 t hm2, and 58.31 t hm2, respectively. Due to fluctuations in precipitation, vegetation cover and land use, the five ESs decreased from 1992 to 2000s, but increased from 2000s to 2018, Notably, the HQ changed most significantly (p < 0.01), while the WP changed insignificantly (p > 0.05). The different ESs on the plateau overall exhibited synergistic effects, trade-offs between several pairs of ESs related to HQ, were observed in cropland areas. We further identified five distinct categories of ES bundles and proposed targeted recommendations for spatial planning and management of these ESs, tailored to their characteristics. The findings offer a valuable reference for high-quality environmental management, as well as the restoration and enhancement of ESs in arid inland areas in a warming climate.
许多欠发达地区的生态环境十分脆弱。阐明生态系统服务(ES)的变化和关系是这些地区实现可持续发展的基础。利用多种数据源和模型,我们对 1992-2018 年间蒙古高原的水供应(WP)、栖息地质量(HQ)、碳固定(CF)、土壤保持(SC)和风蚀预防(WEP)进行了量化。然后,我们分析了这些生态系统服务的时空变化、权衡/协同作用以及捆绑关系。结果表明,在整个高原上,五项环境因子的空间变化很大,森林地区的环境因子总体较高,而草地和耕地地区的 WEP 值较高。1992-2018年期间,高原的WP、HQ、CF、SC和WEP年均值分别为27.15 mm、0.57、176.17 gC-m2、48.83 t hm2和58.31 t hm2。由于降水、植被覆盖和土地利用的波动,1992-2000 年间五项 ES 均有所下降,但 2000-2018 年间又有所上升,其中 HQ 变化最为显著(p < 0.01),而 WP 变化不显著(p > 0.05)。高原上不同的生态系统服务总体上表现出协同效应,在耕地地区观察到了与 HQ 相关的几对生态系统服务之间的权衡。我们进一步确定了五类不同的生态系统束,并针对这些生态系统束的特点提出了有针对性的空间规划和管理建议。这些研究结果为高质量的环境管理以及在气候变暖条件下恢复和提高内陆干旱地区的环境质量提供了宝贵的参考。
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引用次数: 0
The role of agriculture for achieving renewable energy-centered sustainable development objectives in rural Africa 农业对非洲农村地区实现以可再生能源为中心的可持续发展目标的作用
IF 4.7 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2024.101098
Giacomo Falchetta , Adriano Vinca , André Troost , Marta Tuninetti , Gregory Ireland , Edward Byers , Manfred Hafner , Ackim Zulu
Multi-dimensional and overlapping barriers to wellbeing severely affect many areas in rural sub-Saharan Africa. In the region, more than 90% of cropland is rainfed, less than one third of households have electricity, almost 60% of the population reports food insecurity, and more than 35% of the population lives below the international poverty line. Climate change impacts on vulnerable systems with limited adaptive capacity and strong population growth are increasing the magnitude of these challenges, slowing and potentially reversing development. Thus, there is a strong need for multi-sector interventions across multiple levels, from national policies, to regional and river catchment-scale planning, to local planning and investment. To implement such actions, it is key not only to assess technological solutions and their investment needs, but also to appraise their feasibility and implementation potential (from both a policy and a financial point of view). Here, we implement a modelling platform (RE4AFAGRI platform), which soft-links bottom-up process-based water and energy demand and techno-economic infrastructure assessment models (WaterCROP, M-LED, OnSSET) into a multi-node, national Nexus-extended Integrated Assessment Model (MESSAGEix-Nexus) for supply and investment assessment. The results of our analysis shed light on the role of water and energy demand in the agricultural sector for jointly affecting infrastructure and investment requirements for achieving rural sustainable development objectives. We find that scenarios with increased ambition in expanding irrigation and agricultural productivity result in improved diffusion and economic feasibility of infrastructure to provide universal energy access while supporting productive uses of energy. Moreover, we conduct business model analysis to appraise the framework conditions and micro and macro determinants that can ensure feasibility of investment and uptake of small-scale infrastructure, crucial for rural development. Altogether, our research demonstrates how integrated modelling with an explicit focus on Nexus interlinkages can represent the enabling role and the business conditions for renewable energy input in agriculture to become a leverage of rural sustainable development. In turn, important policy and investment-relevant insights can be derived.
在撒哈拉以南非洲的许多农村地区,多层面、相互重叠的福祉障碍严重影响着人们的生活。在该地区,90% 以上的耕地为雨水灌溉,不到三分之一的家庭用上了电,近 60% 的人口报告粮食无保障,35% 以上的人口生活在国际贫困线以下。气候变化对适应能力有限、人口增长强劲的脆弱系统的影响正在加剧这些挑战的严重性,减缓甚至可能逆转发展。因此,亟需从国家政策、地区和河流集水区规划到地方规划和投资等多个层面采取多部门干预措施。要实施这些行动,关键是不仅要评估技术解决方案及其投资需求,还要评估其可行性和实施潜力(从政策和财务角度)。在此,我们实施了一个建模平台(RE4AFAGRI 平台),该平台将自下而上的基于过程的水、能源需求和技术经济基础设施评估模型(WaterCROP、M-LED、OnSSET)软链接到一个多节点、国家关联扩展综合评估模型(MESSAGEix-Nexus)中,以进行供应和投资评估。我们的分析结果揭示了农业部门的水和能源需求在共同影响基础设施和投资需求以实现农村可持续发展目标方面的作用。我们发现,在扩大灌溉和提高农业生产率方面的目标越大,基础设施的推广和经济可行性就越高,从而在支持能源的生产性使用的同时普及能源。此外,我们还进行了商业模式分析,以评估框架条件以及微观和宏观决定因素,从而确保对农村发展至关重要的小型基础设施的投资和吸收的可行性。总之,我们的研究表明,以 "关联"(Nexus)相互联系为明确重点的综合建模,可以体现可再生能源在农业投入中的有利作用和商业条件,使其成为农村可持续发展的杠杆。反过来,也可以得出与政策和投资相关的重要见解。
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引用次数: 0
Navigating environmental fragility: (Mal)coping and adaptation strategies in the socio-environmental system of the Mtendeli Refugee Camp, Tanzania 驾驭环境脆弱性:坦桑尼亚 Mtendeli 难民营社会环境系统中的(不良)应对和适应战略
IF 4.7 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2024.101101
Karolina Sobczak-Szelc , Magdalena Chułek , Astrid Espegren , Malgorzata Jenerowicz-Sanikowska , Ewa Gromny , Jörg Haarpaintner , Sebastian Aleksandrowicz , Daniel Starczewski
The study conducts a systems analysis of coping and adaptation strategies in Tanzanian refugee camps, focusing on the Mtendeli camp as a case study. It explores the environmental changes during the stages of the camp's establishment, development, and closure, along with the responses of local actors. Employing qualitative interviews and remote-sensing data analysis, the research reveals a spectrum of strategies employed by the camp management, host community, and refugees. The findings highlight the interdependence of these strategies and stress the need to address both structural limitations and individual agency, considering the concepts of structural ambivalence and temporal dynamics. Notably, the concept of ‘(mal)coping’ is introduced to describe coping strategies that have short-term benefits but contribute to long-term environmental degradation. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of coping and adaptation dynamics in refugee camp environments.
本研究以 Mtendeli 难民营为案例,对坦桑尼亚难民营的应对和适应战略进行了系统分析。研究探讨了难民营建立、发展和关闭各阶段的环境变化,以及当地参与者的应对措施。通过定性访谈和遥感数据分析,研究揭示了难民营管理层、收容社区和难民所采用的一系列策略。研究结果强调了这些策略之间的相互依存性,并强调有必要考虑结构矛盾性和时间动态性的概念,同时解决结构局限性和个人能动性的问题。值得注意的是,研究中引入了"(不良)应对 "的概念,以描述那些具有短期效益但会导致长期环境退化的应对策略。这项研究有助于加深对难民营环境中应对和适应动态的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Interrelated drivers of migration intentions in Africa: Evidence from Afrobarometer surveys 非洲移民意向的相互关联驱动因素:来自非洲晴雨表调查的证据
IF 4.7 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2024.101096
Roman Hoffmann, Gregor Zens
Migration is influenced by various factors, including economic, political, social, and environmental drivers. While the multicausal nature of migration has been recognized, there are considerable gaps in understanding how different drivers interact with each other and jointly influence human mobility. This is particularly relevant in the African context, where local communities are faced with multiple, often interlinked challenges that affect their livelihoods, security, and health and well-being. Using detailed data from Afrobarometer surveys for 36 countries, this study analyzes the interconnected nature of 23 potential drivers of migration intentions that span across various domains. Our results show that previous migration experiences at the household level, political conditions and instabilities, the personal economic situation, as well as issues related to personal safety are particularly strongly related to respondents’ intentions to migrate. The drivers are not independent of each other, but closely interconnected, jointly shaping and reinforcing migration intentions in non-linear ways. We also find strong evidence for heterogeneous effects of the drivers across sociodemographic groups, further contributing to diverse patterns in the relationships. Our study emphasizes the need to move beyond analyzing average linear effects and advocates for approaches that consider the interdependencies of various systems of drivers and their interconnected roles in shaping both intended and actual migration behavior.
人口迁移受各种因素的影响,包括经济、政治、社会和环境因素。虽然人们已经认识到移徙的多因性,但在理解不同驱动因素如何相互作用并共同影响人口流动方面仍存在相当大的差距。这一点在非洲尤为重要,因为当地社区面临着多重挑战,这些挑战往往相互关联,影响着他们的生计、安全、健康和福祉。本研究利用 36 个国家的非洲晴雨表调查的详细数据,分析了 23 个跨领域的潜在移民意向驱动因素之间的相互关联性。我们的研究结果表明,家庭层面的以往移民经历、政治条件和不稳定性、个人经济状况以及与人身安全相关的问题与受访者的移民意愿关系尤为密切。这些驱动因素并非相互独立,而是密切相关,以非线性方式共同影响和加强了移民意向。我们还发现了强有力的证据,表明这些驱动因素在不同社会人口群体中产生了不同的影响,从而进一步促成了这些关系的多样化模式。我们的研究强调了分析平均线性效应的必要性,并提倡考虑各种驱动因素系统的相互依存性及其在塑造预期和实际移民行为中的相互关联作用。
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引用次数: 0
From green to regenerative supply chain management in construction: Towards a conceptual framework 从绿色到再生的建筑供应链管理:建立概念框架
IF 4.7 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2024.101097
Oluwatobi Nurudeen Oyefusi , Wallace Imoudu Enegbuma , Andre Brown , Maibritt Pedersen Zari
Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) has emerged as a valuable managerial strategy in the construction industry, dedicated to instilling environmental sustainability principles throughout the lifecycle of construction projects. Despite its wide adoption, the built environment continues to generate numerous negative environmental impacts such as significant greenhouse gas emissions, resource depletion, excessive waste production, habitat destruction, and more, thus intensifying climate change. To address this, a shift toward regenerative thinking that goes beyond minimizing negative impacts to actively regenerate ecosystems, restore depleted resources, and regenerate damaged habitats is deemed necessary. This study builds on established GSCM practices and identifies their shortcomings in achieving ‘true sustainability’. In response, it introduces a novel Regenerative Supply Chain Management (RSCM) framework that incorporates key regenerative principles: Focus on Place, Harmony with Place, and Co-evolution which offers a more comprehensive approach, facilitating a transition towards regenerative practices. Overall, this framework not only offers insights into advancing green or sustainable thinking in construction but also provides practical implications for the industry. By embracing regenerative practices, the construction sector can actively restore and renew the built environment, fostering a more restorative and resilient future.
绿色供应链管理(GSCM)已成为建筑行业一项重要的管理策略,致力于在建筑项目的整个生命周期中灌输环境可持续发展原则。尽管绿色供应链管理被广泛采用,但建筑环境仍然对环境造成了许多负面影响,如大量温室气体排放、资源枯竭、废物过量产生、栖息地遭到破坏等,从而加剧了气候变化。为解决这一问题,我们认为有必要向再生性思维转变,不仅要最大限度地减少负面影响,还要积极地再生生态系统、恢复枯竭的资源和再生被破坏的栖息地。本研究以既定的 GSCM 实践为基础,指出了它们在实现 "真正的可持续性 "方面的不足之处。作为回应,它引入了一个新颖的再生供应链管理(RSCM)框架,其中包含了关键的再生原则:它提供了一种更全面的方法,有助于向再生实践过渡。总之,该框架不仅为推进建筑业的绿色或可持续思维提供了见解,还为该行业提供了实际意义。通过采用再生实践,建筑行业可以积极恢复和更新建筑环境,促进更具恢复力和复原力的未来。
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引用次数: 0
8Rs for circular water and sanitation systems: Leveraging circular economy thinking for safe, resilient and inclusive services 循环型供水和卫生系统的 8R:利用循环经济思维提供安全、弹性和包容性服务
IF 4.7 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2024.101093
Naomi Carrard , Avni Kumar , Đinh Văn Đạo , Jeremy Kohlitz , Monique Retamal , Avinandan Taron , Ngaouea Neemia , Juliet Willetts
To achieve their normative health, environmental and social objectives, water and sanitation services must be safely managed, inclusive and climate resilient. Meeting these imperatives presents a need and opportunity for innovative thinking about water and sanitation service systems. Circular economy concepts are being applied across a multitude of product and service sectors with the aim to facilitate regenerative flows of resources. Given the dependence on water resources, associated climate risks, and the generation of reusable waste products in water and sanitation service delivery, circular economy concepts can be usefully leveraged to drive sustainability outcomes. This article contributes a heuristic in the form of a conceptual framework for applying circular economy concepts in the design and delivery of water and sanitation services in diverse Global South contexts. The framework seeks to drive multiple outcomes relevant to water and sanitation initiatives: safely managed services, social inclusion, and climate resilience. Co-developed by an international research team applying a theoretical multiplicity approach and collaborative sensemaking, the heuristic takes the form of a suite of eight adapted circular economy ‘R strategies’ for water and sanitation. The R strategies were selected and articulated to reflect theory-based principles of circular economy, climate resilience and inclusion. They are intended to prompt thinking and action in pursuit of safely managed, climate resilient, inclusive water and sanitation services that align with the broader sustainability directions that circular economy narratives aspire to. The heuristic offers a conceptually rigorous, practical tool that can support collaborative, deliberative processes to realise the potential benefits of circularity in water and sanitation service systems.
为了实现规范的健康、环境和社会目标,供水和卫生服务必须具有安全管理、包容性和气候适应性。要满足这些要求,就需要对供水和卫生服务系统进行创新思考,这也是一个机遇。循环经济概念正被应用于众多产品和服务部门,目的是促进资源的再生流动。鉴于水资源的依赖性、相关的气候风险以及在提供水和卫生服务过程中产生的可重复使用的废品,循环经济概念可以有效地利用来推动可持续发展成果。本文以概念框架的形式提供了一种启发式方法,用于在全球南部不同环境中将循环经济概念应用于水和卫生服务的设计与提供。该框架旨在推动与供水和卫生设施相关的多种成果:安全管理服务、社会包容和气候适应力。该启发式框架由一个国际研究团队共同开发,采用了理论多重性方法和协作感知法,其形式是一套针对水和卫生设施的八项经调整的循环经济 "R 战略"。这些 "R 战略 "的选择和阐述反映了以理论为基础的循环经济、气候适应性和包容性原则。它们旨在促进思考和行动,以追求安全管理、气候适应力强、具有包容性的水和卫生服务,并与循环经济论述所期望的更广泛的可持续发展方向保持一致。启发式提供了一个概念严谨、实用的工具,可以支持合作、审议过程,以实现水和卫生服务系统循环性的潜在效益。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the dependence of the observed urban air pollution extremes in the vicinity of coal fuelled power plants on combined effects of anthropogenic and meteorological drivers 以煤为燃料的发电厂附近观测到的城市空气污染极值与人为和气象驱动因素综合影响的关系分析
IF 4.7 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2024.101095
Ana Gardašević , Neda Aleksandrov , Ilija Batas-Bjelić , Ivan Bulatović , Vladimir Djurdjević , Suzana Blesić
In this paper we assessed effects of changes of meteorological drivers, taken from datasets of observational records and modelling outputs, and human-made pollution, derived from records of energy production, on the mainly wintertime extreme observed values of urban particulate matter (PM) concentrations in the relative vicinity of coal fuelled thermoelectric power plants (TPPs) in Montenegro and Serbia. We used wavelet transform analysis, together with the dependency analysis and analysis of averages of climatic conditions, to study temporal dynamics of urban air pollution extremes in the vicinity of TPPs, the coincidence of their changes with observed levels of SO2 and NO2 concentrations in the air, and dependence of PM changes on several possible meteorological and anthropogenic drivers. We found that PM variations in urban areas are most probably caused by PM-SO2/NO2 coincidences that appear after a 2- to 3-h time lags needed for transformation of SO2/NO2 TPP emissions into PM particles, if pollution is caused by TPP emissions alone. When other causes of PM variations than the TPP production exist, we found that PM-SO2/NO2 correlations appear at time ranges from several hours to several days. In our analysis only the changes in the planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) coincided with the drive to extremes in PM values, at PBLH levels lower than 300m. Following these findings, we suggested that PM extremes in our sample could be viewed as preconditioned compound events, where TPP and urban heating emissions provide preconditions for PM extremes and PBLH serves as a major meteorological driver to such events.
在本文中,我们评估了气象驱动因素(取自观测记录和模型输出数据集)和人为污染(取自能源生产记录)的变化对黑山和塞尔维亚以煤为燃料的热电厂(TPPs)附近主要是冬季城市颗粒物(PM)浓度极端观测值的影响。我们使用小波变换分析、依赖性分析和气候条件平均值分析,研究了热电厂附近城市空气污染极端值的时间动态、其变化与空气中二氧化硫和二氧化氮浓度观测值的吻合程度,以及可吸入颗粒物变化与几种可能的气象和人为因素的关系。我们发现,如果污染仅仅是由热电联产排放造成的,那么城市地区的可吸入颗粒物变化很可能是由可吸入颗粒物-二氧化硫/二氧化氮重合造成的,这种重合出现在二氧化硫/二氧化氮热电联产排放转化为可吸入颗粒物所需的 2 到 3 小时时滞之后。如果除了 TPP 的产生之外,还有其他原因导致 PM 的变化,我们发现 PM-SO2/NO2 的相关性会在几小时到几天的时间范围内出现。在我们的分析中,只有行星边界层高度(PBLH)的变化与 PBLH 水平低于 300 米时 PM 值达到极值的驱动力相吻合。根据这些发现,我们建议将样本中的可吸入颗粒物极端事件视为有先决条件的复合事件,其中全氟辛烷磺酸和城市供热排放为可吸入颗粒物极端事件提供了先决条件,而行星边界层高度则是此类事件的主要气象驱动因素。
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引用次数: 0
Ecological networks reveal important taxa for ecosystem function in two subtropical South African estuaries 生态网络揭示了南非两个亚热带河口生态系统功能的重要分类群
IF 4.7 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2024.101090
Gemma Gerber , Fiona MacKay , Ursula M. Scharler
Biodiversity is essential for estuarine ecosystems' functioning, resilience, and persistence. While biodiversity assessments provide some insight into the ecosystem state, they cannot quantify every aspect of ecosystem-level function. We assessed aspects of estuarine ecosystem function and pinpointed taxa of interest that fulfil specific roles in estuarine ecosystems, using a series of novel food web model ensembles and Ecological Network Analysis. We investigated emergent network properties of two subtropical South African estuaries, the anthropogenically impacted large temporarily closed uMdloti Estuary and the ‘near natural’ predominantly open uMlalazi Estuary, during a drought period induced by the El Niño Southern Oscillation. In addition, important network components were identified to elucidate the importance of estuarine/marine taxa in maintaining ecosystem function. The key findings included (1) estuaries exhibit system-specific functional responses under drought conditions, and (2) estuarine/marine taxa are critical for overall ecosystem function. Both estuaries showed seasonal differences in ecosystem activity and reliance on trophic level I (microalgae and detritus) to fuel the food web, and persistently low cycling (<9.3 %). However, compared to uMdloti Estuary, uMlalazi Estuary showed less variation in mean seasonal activity (1597–2095 mgC m−2 d−1), and higher reliance on detritus to fuel the food web (D:H > 2.02), indicating greater ecosystem functional resilience to external perturbations. uMlalazi Estuary ecosystem function could be attributed to predominantly open mouth conditions maintaining a salinity gradient, and subsequent large contributions to overall ecosystem function from typically estuarine/marine invertebrate taxa. In contrast, the uMdloti Estuary, dominated by freshwater/brackish taxa under prolonged closed mouth conditions, showed greater seasonal variations in mean system activity (1084–2289 mgC m−2 d−1) and generally high reliance on microalgae (D:H < 1.26), indicative of decreased resilience to external perturbations. During this study, a single mouth breach acted as a ’biological reset’ of uMdloti Estuary, enabling recruitment of estuarine/marine taxa, and a temporary recovery in ecosystem function reflected in increased system cycling (FCI >14.05 %) and decreased reliance on microalgae (D:H > 1. 41). These findings suggest that future predicted drought impacts on estuarine ecosystem function may be partially system-specific due to differing estuarine types, anthropogenic impact, and invertebrate community composition. This study provides a scientific link between ecosystem-level indicators and the role of individual taxa within the system, which is a valuable complement to biodiversity assessments and ecosystem state evaluation.
生物多样性对河口生态系统的功能、恢复力和持久性至关重要。虽然生物多样性评估能提供一些生态系统状态的信息,但它们无法量化生态系统功能的方方面面。我们利用一系列新颖的食物网模型组合和生态网络分析,评估了河口生态系统功能的各个方面,并确定了在河口生态系统中发挥特定作用的相关类群。在厄尔尼诺南方涛动引起的干旱期间,我们调查了两个亚热带南非河口的新兴网络特性,一个是受人类影响的暂时封闭的大型 uMdloti 河口,另一个是 "接近自然 "的主要开放的 uMlalazi 河口。此外,还确定了重要的网络组成部分,以阐明河口/海洋类群在维持生态系统功能方面的重要性。主要发现包括:(1)在干旱条件下,河口表现出特定的系统功能反应;(2)河口/海洋类群对生态系统的整体功能至关重要。这两个河口在生态系统活动和依赖营养级 I(微藻和残渣)为食物网提供燃料方面都表现出季节性差异,且循环率(<9.3 %)持续较低。然而,与乌姆洛蒂河口相比,乌姆拉齐河口的平均季节活动变化较小(1597-2095 毫克碳 m-2 d-1),食物网对残渣的依赖程度较高(D:H >2.02),表明生态系统对外部扰动的功能恢复能力较强。uMlalazi 河口生态系统的功能可归因于主要的开口条件维持了盐度梯度,以及随后典型的河口/海洋无脊椎动物类群对整体生态系统功能的巨大贡献。相比之下,uMdloti 河口在长期闭口条件下以淡水/咸水类群为主,平均系统活性(1084-2289 毫克碳 m-2 d-1)的季节性变化较大,对微藻的依赖程度普遍较高(D:H <1.26),表明对外部扰动的适应能力下降。在这项研究中,一次河口决口对乌姆洛蒂河口起到了 "生物重置 "的作用,使河口/海洋类群得以招募,生态系统功能得以暂时恢复,这反映在系统循环的增加(FCI >14.05 %)和对微藻依赖的减少(D:H >1.41)上。这些研究结果表明,由于河口类型、人为影响和无脊椎动物群落组成的不同,未来预测的干旱对河口生态系统功能的影响可能会部分针对特定系统。这项研究提供了生态系统级指标与系统内单个类群作用之间的科学联系,是对生物多样性评估和生态系统状态评价的宝贵补充。
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引用次数: 0
Strategic insights for sustainable tourism development in Kashmir Valley: SWOT and QSPM analysis 克什米尔山谷旅游业可持续发展的战略见解:SWOT 和 QSPM 分析
IF 4.7 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2024.101092
Peer Jeelani, Shamim Ahmad Shah
Promoting sustainable tourism entails fostering environmentally responsible growth that endures, achieving a delicate balance between honoring the rich history, preserving culture, and navigating the challenges posed by diverse altitudes in the Kashmir Valley. A knowledge test was created to measure the stakeholders' understanding of sustainable tourism to guide further analysis with the selected stakeholders. Our research delved into this objective by conducting real-world analysis, including questionnaires and interviews with key stakeholders. A Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) was utilized and built on the foundation of the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) framework to drive sustainable tourism effectively. The results underscore the intricate landscape the valley operates within, revealing varied levels of stakeholder satisfaction across different aspects. Understanding these nuanced perspectives is crucial to charting a sustainable course for the region. In this light, the existing strategies aimed at managing the area, with a focal point on promoting sustainable tourism. The emphasis is on recognizing and tackling the challenges while seizing the weaknesses and threats that could impact the industry's reputation for excellent service and environmental stewardship. It is about aligning strategies to ensure a harmonious coexistence between tourism growth and the natural, cultural, and social fabric of this adorable valley.
促进可持续旅游业需要促进对环境负责的持久增长,在尊重丰富的历史、保护文化和应对克什米尔山谷不同海拔所带来的挑战之间实现微妙的平衡。我们设计了一个知识测试来衡量利益相关者对可持续旅游业的理解,以指导与选定利益相关者的进一步分析。我们的研究通过对现实世界进行分析,包括对主要利益相关者进行问卷调查和访谈,深入探讨了这一目标。在 SWOT(优势、劣势、机会和威胁)框架的基础上,采用了定量战略规划矩阵(QSPM),以有效推动可持续旅游业的发展。结果凸显了山谷所处的错综复杂的环境,揭示了利益相关者在不同方面的不同满意度。了解这些微妙的视角对于规划该地区的可持续发展路线至关重要。有鉴于此,现有战略旨在管理该地区,重点是促进可持续旅游业。重点在于认识和应对挑战,同时抓住可能影响旅游业优质服务和环境管理声誉的弱点和威胁。这就是要调整战略,确保旅游业的发展与这一可爱山谷的自然、文化和社会结构和谐共存。
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引用次数: 0
The feasibility of flexible and adaptive green certification in accelerating zero carbon cities 灵活、适应性强的绿色认证在加速零碳城市建设中的可行性
IF 4.7 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2024.101091
Sarah Elariane , Jean Dubé
This research measures the feasibility of using a flexible and adaptative green certification in accelerating the transition toward zero carbon cities. Thus, the EDGE program, a web-based application, is used to evaluate its influence on the number of LEED program certifications in the countries where this web-based application program is applied. A panel dataset of yearly LEED and EDGE-certified buildings numbers is created, and a synthetic control method is implemented for the top five countries for EDGE-certified projects. Counterfactuals are constructed to mimic the number of LEED-certified buildings in a treated country using controls based on countries where no EDGE program is recorded. It can be concluded that the establishment of an EDGE program causes a significant decrease in the number of LEED-certified buildings, especially in Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. The result remains robust when performing several robustness analyses. Analysis does not mean that the LEED will be replaced by the EDGE, but that a significant number of new certifications would change over the coming years. While many studies discussed the barriers for the adoption of green certifications, this research highlights the necessity of directing more research to keep up with updated smart tools and applications to increase the proliferation of the green certifications.
本研究衡量了使用灵活、适应性强的绿色认证加速向零碳城市过渡的可行性。因此,我们使用 EDGE 程序(一种基于网络的应用程序)来评估其对 LEED 程序认证数量的影响。我们创建了 LEED 和 EDGE 认证建筑数量的年度面板数据集,并对 EDGE 认证项目最多的五个国家采用了合成控制方法。利用基于没有 EDGE 项目记录的国家的控制方法,构建了反事实,以模拟处理过的国家的 LEED 认证建筑数量。可以得出结论,EDGE 项目的建立导致 LEED 认证建筑数量的显著下降,尤其是在哥伦比亚、墨西哥和秘鲁。在进行多项稳健性分析后,结果仍然是稳健的。分析结果并不意味着 LEED 将被 EDGE 所取代,但在未来几年中,大量新认证将发生变化。虽然许多研究都讨论了采用绿色认证的障碍,但本研究强调有必要开展更多研究,以跟上智能工具和应用程序的更新,从而提高绿色认证的普及率。
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引用次数: 0
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Environmental Development
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