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Legal transplantation of blue bond regulation in Indonesia 印尼蓝债监管的法律移植
IF 4.7 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2024.101118
Budi Endarto , Dwi Elok Indriastuty , Fitra Mardiana
As one of the largest archipelagic states in the world, Indonesia has a maritime economic potential of IDR 2026 trillion divided into coastal (IDR 650 trillion), biotechnology IDR (480 trillion), fisheries (IDR 380 trillion), petroleum (IDR 252 trillion), marine transportation (IDR 240 trillion), and marine tourism (IDR 24 trillion). However, it does not yet have a special and specific financing instrument oriented toward the development of its marine economy. The purpose of this study was to identify a blue bond regulatory model as an instrument for developing the blue economy in Indonesia. The study method employed is normative-exploratory legal research, which combines statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. Using several models of legal development, namely unification, harmonization, and transplantation, revealed the right model for regulating blue bonds in Indonesia. The results indicate that the development of legal arrangements in Indonesia, as stated in the National Long-Term Development Plan (RPJPN) 2025–2045 oriented towards realizing economic transformation to increase the productivity of the blue economy will be a future economic booster in line with its role as the world's maritime axis. Thus, legal transplantation of the Blue Economy Act and SEC Memorandum Circular No. 15, Series of 2023, Guidelines on Eligible Blue Projects and Activities for the Issuance of Blue Bonds in the Philippines is an effective step that can be taken in Indonesia.
作为世界上最大的群岛国家之一,印度尼西亚拥有2026万亿印尼盾的海洋经济潜力,分为沿海(650万亿印尼盾)、生物技术(480万亿印尼盾)、渔业(380万亿印尼盾)、石油(252万亿印尼盾)、海洋运输(240万亿印尼盾)和海洋旅游(24万亿印尼盾)。然而,它还没有一个专门的和具体的面向其海洋经济发展的融资工具。本研究的目的是确定蓝色债券监管模式,作为发展印度尼西亚蓝色经济的工具。本文采用的研究方法是规范-探索性法律研究,结合了成文法、概念法和比较法。运用统一、协调、移植等几种法律发展模式,揭示了印尼蓝色债券监管的正确模式。研究结果表明,印尼在2025-2045年国家长期发展计划(RPJPN)中所述的法律安排的发展,旨在实现经济转型,提高蓝色经济的生产力,将成为未来经济的助推器,与其作为世界海洋轴的角色相一致。因此,《蓝色经济法》和美国证券交易委员会2023年第15号备忘录通告系列《菲律宾发行蓝色债券的合格蓝色项目和活动指南》的法律移植是印度尼西亚可以采取的有效步骤。
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引用次数: 0
Local authorities or national frameworks? A global review on coastal protection policies 地方当局还是国家框架?海岸保护政策全球审查
IF 4.7 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2024.101119
Ignacio Toledo , Emilio Laino , Gregorio Iglesias , Antonio Palazón , Luis Aragonés
The intensification of human activities and the impacts of climate change are poised to degrade coastal ecosystems significantly in the future, potentially endangering both human populations and infrastructure. In response, many countries have developed strategies over recent decades to combat coastal erosion and flooding. The wide range of physical, economic, and social characteristics across regions has resulted in diverse management approaches. This research aims to identify which countries have enacted laws compelling governmental action against coastal erosion and flooding, which policies detail coastal protection solutions, and which administration level is most effective in implementing these measures. Through a review of coastal protection policies and an analysis of research developments in this field across ten countries, this study reveals significant variations in legislative frameworks. For instance, Germany has stringent laws requiring coastline protection, whereas countries such as Greece and South Korea rely mainly on management recommendations. Additionally, Germany and Japan include provisions for funding these protective measures in their legislation, which is crucial for mitigating conflicts across different government levels. Generally, regional and/or local administrations are favoured for implementing such policies – such as in the USA, Brazil, and Australia – even though establishing a national regulatory framework could enhance coordination. However, most of these regulations date back to the 20th century and fail to incorporate contemporary scientific advancements and emerging concepts in coastal protection. The insights gained from this research are intended to inform coastal planners about the importance of maintaining updated management plans, ultimately aiming to ensure long-term sustainability of coastlines.
未来,人类活动的加剧和气候变化的影响将使沿海生态系统严重退化,可能危及人口和基础设施。为此,许多国家近几十年来制定了应对海岸侵蚀和洪水的战略。不同地区的自然、经济和社会特征各不相同,因此管理方法也多种多样。这项研究旨在确定哪些国家已颁布法律,要求政府采取应对海岸侵蚀和洪水的行动,哪些政策详细规定了海岸保护的解决方案,以及哪一级管理部门在实施这些措施时最为有效。通过对十个国家的海岸保护政策的审查和该领域研究进展的分析,本研究揭示了立法框架的显著差异。例如,德国有严格的法律要求保护海岸线,而希腊和韩国等国家则主要依靠管理建议。此外,德国和日本还在立法中规定为这些保护措施提供资金,这对于缓解不同政府层级之间的冲突至关重要。一般来说,美国、巴西和澳大利亚等国都倾向于由地区和/或地方行政部门来执行此类政策,尽管建立国家监管框架可以加强协调。然而,这些法规大多可以追溯到 20 世纪,未能将当代科学进步和海岸保护的新理念纳入其中。从这项研究中获得的启示旨在让沿海规划者了解保持更新管理计划的重要性,最终确 保海岸线的长期可持续性。
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引用次数: 0
Consequences of anthropization in the Veredas environments in the Brazilian Cerrado 巴西塞拉多地区韦雷达斯环境的人类化后果
IF 4.7 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2024.101116
Gilsonley Lopes dos Santos , Sidinei Julio Beutler , Claudio Gomes da Silva , Allan Charles da Silva Chagas , Anna Luiza de Sousa Oliveira , Wanderson Farias da Silva Junior , Tiago Paula da Silva , Iris Cristiane Magistrali , Rafael Coll Delgado , Marcos Gervasio Pereira
The Veredas are considered a wet savanna phytophysiognomy that is important for the preservation of the Cerrado. This study aims to evaluate the impacts of anthropic actions on soil and vegetation degradation in the Veredas environments in the Environmental Protection Area (EPA). Two environments of preserved and anthropized Veredas were selected. Anthropized environments are understood as areas of Veredas that had their vegetation cover lost due to the occurrence of recurrent forest fires associated with the presence of domestic animals. In these areas, samples were collected to evaluate soil characteristics, and floristic surveys were conducted to characterize vegetation. It was found that the uncontrolled anthropization process driven by forest fires and domestic animals in the Veredas environments led to the degradation of the land cover and soils of these environments. Vegetation removal is manifested by a reduction in the number of individuals and species present in anthropized environments. Organic matter content and fertility have decreased, while soil density has increased. These results are explained by the accelerated decomposition and (or) by the deposition of biomass burning products in anthropized environments. We also analyzed statistics of fire foci and found the highest values in relation to soil classes in the Entisols and the Oxisols environments. The highest bulk density of fire foci was observed in the Entisols environments and is influenced by the presence of an herbaceous stratum composed of grasses. Thus, an understanding of the anthropization processes of the Veredas environments in conservation units for sustainable use, such as the EPA, is urgently required. Our results facilitate the development and enaction of environmental policies for the most effective preservation and protection of these areas.
韦雷达斯被认为是一种湿润的热带稀树草原植物学,对保护塞拉多(Cerrado)具有重要意义。本研究旨在评估人类活动对环境保护区(EPA)韦雷达斯环境中土壤和植被退化的影响。研究选取了韦雷达斯保护区和人类活动区两种环境。人类化环境指的是由于经常发生森林火灾以及家畜的存在而导致植被丧失的韦雷达斯地区。在这些地区,采集了样本以评估土壤特性,并进行了植物调查以确定植被特征。研究发现,在韦雷达斯环境中,森林火灾和家畜驱动的无节制人类化进程导致这些环境的土地植被和土壤退化。植被消失表现为人类化环境中存在的个体和物种数量减少。有机质含量和肥力下降,而土壤密度增加。人类化环境中生物质加速分解和(或)生物质燃烧产物的沉积可以解释这些结果。我们还分析了火烧灶的统计数据,发现在 Entisols 和 Oxisols 环境中,火烧灶的数值与土壤类别的关系最大。在 Entisols 环境中观察到的火灶体积密度最高,这是受由草组成的草本层的影响。因此,迫切需要了解韦雷达斯环境在可持续利用保护单位(如环境保护局)中的人类化过程。我们的研究结果有助于制定和实施环境政策,以最有效地保存和保护这些地区。
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引用次数: 0
Geographic perspectives on sustainability: Towards a conceptual framework 可持续性的地理视角:建立概念框架
IF 4.7 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2024.101121
Miguel Angel Ramirez , Ivan Lizarazo
Understanding sustainability poses conceptual and practical challenges due to its myriad interpretations. Geographers have endeavored to refine the concept from various perspectives by drawing from their environmental research tradition. However, a comprehensive examination of geographical contributions to the sustainability discourse remains elusive. This article fills this gap by scrutinizing how sustainability has been conceptualized across diverse geographic epistemologies over the past two decades through a literature review. Furthermore, it proposes a novel multiscale conceptual framework for land use change dynamics. The review underscores geography's reliance on external theories to grapple with sustainability and advocates for a robust conceptual framework to deepen comprehension. This framework elucidates the relative significance and intricate interplay among sustainability dimensions within the complex nexus of social and environmental subsystems, which could help with territorial management.
由于可持续发展有多种解释,因此对其的理解在概念上和实践上都提出了挑战。地理学家从环境研究传统出发,努力从不同角度完善这一概念。然而,对地理学在可持续发展论述中所做贡献的全面研究仍然遥遥无期。本文填补了这一空白,通过文献综述仔细研究了过去二十年来不同地理认识论是如何将可持续性概念化的。此外,文章还为土地利用变化动态提出了一个新颖的多尺度概念框架。该综述强调了地理学在处理可持续性问题时对外部理论的依赖,并主张建立一个强大的概念框架以加深理解。该框架阐明了社会和环境子系统复杂关系中可持续性各维度的相对重要性和错综复杂的相互作用,有助于领土管理。
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引用次数: 0
Formation and endogenous feedback mechanism of farmers’ bioenergy feedstocks planting decisions 农民生物能源原料种植决策的形成与内生反馈机制
IF 4.7 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2024.101107
Ziqi Zeng , Fang Wang , Yanfen Feng , Hongjian Huang , Yingshi Zhang , Zilong Chen , Sile Liu
The sustainable supply of bioenergy is currently facing a bottleneck due to the impact of farmers’ planting decisions. Identifying the formation and endogenous feedback mechanisms of farmers’ planting decisions on bioenergy feedstocks is crucial to the bioenergy industry. While some studies have explored the factors affecting farmers’ production of bioenergy feedstocks, the interaction mechanisms of these factors and the endogenous feedback mechanism of the decision-making system have not been studied. To address this research gap, we developed a Bounded Rationality Decision-Making Reasoning System (BRDMRS) that considers individual and environmental factors to the Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) analysis framework. Using survey data from 590 farmers in Suixi County, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, we constructed Decision-Making Formation Model (DFM) and Decision-Making Endogenous Feedback Model (DEFM) to analyze the formation and feedback mechanisms of farmers’ bioenergy planting behavior. The study concludes that farmers’ behavioral decision-making follows the basic framework of the BDI model and is formed through multi-level feedback by various influencing factors, such as farmers’ personal and family endowments, understanding of the farming environment, farmers’ bioenergy cognition, information acquisition, risk perception, and desire. And the direct and indirect effects of the acting factors on the acted factors are not necessarily in the same direction. The simulated results suggest that farmers’ planting behavior changes from positive to negative, indicating a shift from risk-seeking to risk-aversion. By adjusting the weights of variables, eight scenarios are set up for simulation, and it is found that although farmers’ planting behavior is improved, the trend over time do not change significantly. Farmers’ planting behavior has experienced a change from bounded rationality to rationality. Farmers’ gradually negative planting behavior is related to the unsatisfied expectation of high economic returns and technical guidance in the early stage. To ensure the sustainable supply of bioenergy, adequate financial support is crucial to induce the active participation of farmers in the unstable development of bioenergy.
由于农民种植决策的影响,生物能源的可持续供应目前正面临瓶颈。确定农民种植生物能源原料决策的形成和内生反馈机制对生物能源产业至关重要。虽然一些研究探讨了影响农民生产生物能源原料的因素,但这些因素的相互作用机制和决策系统的内生反馈机制尚未得到研究。针对这一研究空白,我们开发了一个有界理性决策推理系统(BRDMRS),在信念-欲望-意向(BDI)分析框架中考虑了个体和环境因素。利用广东省湛江市遂溪县 590 户农民的调查数据,构建了决策形成模型(DFM)和决策内生反馈模型(DEFM),分析了农民生物能源种植行为的形成和反馈机制。研究认为,农户的行为决策遵循 BDI 模型的基本框架,由农户的个人和家庭禀赋、对农业环境的理解、农户的生物能源认知、信息获取、风险感知和愿望等多种影响因素通过多层次反馈形成。而作用因素对被作用因素的直接和间接影响不一定是同方向的。模拟结果表明,农户的种植行为由积极转变为消极,表明农户的种植行为由寻求风险转变为规避风险。通过调整变量权重,设定了八种情景进行模拟,发现农民的种植行为虽然有所改善,但随时间变化的趋势并不明显。农民的种植行为经历了从有界理性到理性的转变。农民逐渐消极的种植行为与前期对高经济收益和技术指导的期望未得到满足有关。为确保生物能源的可持续供应,充足的资金支持是促使农民积极参与生物能源不稳定发展的关键。
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引用次数: 0
A relational social-ecological systems approach to determine essential variables for monitoring sustainability at a catchment level 用社会生态系统关系方法确定监测集水区可持续性的基本变量
IF 4.7 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2024.101106
Adela Itzkin , Mary Scholes , Kaera Coetzer , Jai Kumar Clifford-Holmes
This publication introduces Essential Social-Ecological System Variables (ESEVs), an approach aimed at addressing integration and monitoring challenges in Social-Ecological System (SES) projects at the catchment scale. ESEVs are defined as 'the minimum set of critical social-ecological variables to capture key features, processes, and interactions driving SES dynamics over time and space.' Notably, ESEVs differ from other essential variable approaches as they are based on the relational connection between the 'Social' and 'Ecological' aspects of SESs and are derived from a transdisciplinary process involving systems thinking and social learning. The ESESV approach was rooted in systems thinking to identify variables for monitoring progress towards improved SES sustainability within the Tsitsa River Catchment in South Africa. ESEVs were identified through a process involving interviews, workshops, and surveys with experts from a transdisciplinary SES project in the catchment. The criteria for prioritizing ESEVs and their associated indicators were determined based on ‘essentiality scores,’ and the degree of consensus among participants. The resulting ESEVs for the Tsitsa River Catchment included 'soil erosion related to human actions on the land,' 'participation in natural resource governance,' 'grazing and rangeland sustainability,' and 'land cover and condition.' Additionally, participants proposed 'access to water,' 'local natural resource governance system,' and 'human well-being in the landscape' as potential ESEVs. Monitoring ESEVs could be achieved through a mix of data sources, with reduced emphasis on biophysical earth observations. Applying the ESEV approach at the catchment scale ensured its contextual relevance and practicality. The study provides valuable insights for monitoring SES sustainability, offering an effective approach and process applicable to various SES landscapes.
本出版物介绍了基本社会生态系统变量 (ESEV),这是一种旨在解决流域尺度社会生态系统 (SES) 项目中整合与监测难题的方法。ESEVs 被定义为 "最基本的一组关键社会-生态变量,以捕捉驱动社会-生态系统动态的关键特征、过程和相互作用的时间和空间"。值得注意的是,ESEV 与其他基本变量方法不同,因为它们是基于 SES 的 "社会 "和 "生态 "两方面之间的关系,并从涉及系统思考和社会学习的跨学科过程中衍生出来的。ESESV 方法植根于系统思维,旨在确定变量,以监测南非齐察河流域在改善 SES 可持续性方面取得的进展。ESEV 是通过与流域内跨学科 SES 项目的专家进行访谈、研讨会和调查等过程确定的。确定 ESEV 及其相关指标优先次序的标准是基于 "重要性评分 "和参与者之间的共识程度。最终确定的齐察河集水区 ESEV 包括 "与人类活动有关的土壤侵蚀"、"参与自然资源治理"、"放牧和牧场可持续性 "以及 "土地植被和状况"。此外,与会者还建议将 "水的获取"、"当地自然资源治理系统 "和 "景观中的人类福祉 "作为潜在的 ESEV。监测 ESEV 可通过混合数据源来实现,但应减少对生物物理地球观测的重视。在集水区范围内应用 ESEV 方法确保了其与环境的相关性和实用性。这项研究为监测生态系统服务和生态系统的可持续性提供了宝贵的见解,提供了适用于各种生态系统服务和生态系统景观的有效方法和流程。
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引用次数: 0
Spatiotemporal changes and management measure to enhance ecosystem services in the Mongolian Plateau 蒙古高原的时空变化和加强生态系统服务的管理措施
IF 4.7 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2024.101103
Xianhua Wei , Xiaodong Wu , Dong Wang , Tonghua Wu , Ren Li , Guojie Hu , Defu Zou , Keyu Bai , Yadong Liu , Xuchun Yan , Xiaoying Fan , Avirmed Dashtseren , Saruulzaya Adiya
The eco-environment in many underdeveloped areas is vulnerable. Elucidating the changes and relationships in ecosystem services (ESs) is a fundamental basis for achieving sustainable development in these regions. Utilizing multiple data sources and models, we quantified water provision (WP), habitat quality (HQ), carbon fixation (CF), soil conservation (SC), and wind erosion prevention (WEP) on the Mongolian plateau during 1992–2018. We then analyzed the spatial-temporal changes, trade-offs/synergies, and bundles relationship of these ESs. The results indicated there was high spatial variability in five ESs across the plateau, with overall higher ESs in forested areas, and grassland and cropland areas had higher WEP values. The annual mean values of WP, HQ, CF, SC, and WEP in the plateau during 1992–2018 were 27.15 mm, 0.57, 176.17 gC·m2, 48.83 t hm2, and 58.31 t hm2, respectively. Due to fluctuations in precipitation, vegetation cover and land use, the five ESs decreased from 1992 to 2000s, but increased from 2000s to 2018, Notably, the HQ changed most significantly (p < 0.01), while the WP changed insignificantly (p > 0.05). The different ESs on the plateau overall exhibited synergistic effects, trade-offs between several pairs of ESs related to HQ, were observed in cropland areas. We further identified five distinct categories of ES bundles and proposed targeted recommendations for spatial planning and management of these ESs, tailored to their characteristics. The findings offer a valuable reference for high-quality environmental management, as well as the restoration and enhancement of ESs in arid inland areas in a warming climate.
许多欠发达地区的生态环境十分脆弱。阐明生态系统服务(ES)的变化和关系是这些地区实现可持续发展的基础。利用多种数据源和模型,我们对 1992-2018 年间蒙古高原的水供应(WP)、栖息地质量(HQ)、碳固定(CF)、土壤保持(SC)和风蚀预防(WEP)进行了量化。然后,我们分析了这些生态系统服务的时空变化、权衡/协同作用以及捆绑关系。结果表明,在整个高原上,五项环境因子的空间变化很大,森林地区的环境因子总体较高,而草地和耕地地区的 WEP 值较高。1992-2018年期间,高原的WP、HQ、CF、SC和WEP年均值分别为27.15 mm、0.57、176.17 gC-m2、48.83 t hm2和58.31 t hm2。由于降水、植被覆盖和土地利用的波动,1992-2000 年间五项 ES 均有所下降,但 2000-2018 年间又有所上升,其中 HQ 变化最为显著(p < 0.01),而 WP 变化不显著(p > 0.05)。高原上不同的生态系统服务总体上表现出协同效应,在耕地地区观察到了与 HQ 相关的几对生态系统服务之间的权衡。我们进一步确定了五类不同的生态系统束,并针对这些生态系统束的特点提出了有针对性的空间规划和管理建议。这些研究结果为高质量的环境管理以及在气候变暖条件下恢复和提高内陆干旱地区的环境质量提供了宝贵的参考。
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引用次数: 0
Optimizing waste separation in traditional minority communities: A game theory approach for sustainable municipal waste management 优化传统少数民族社区的垃圾分类:可持续城市废物管理的博弈论方法
IF 4.7 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2024.101105
Tehila Kalagy , Chen Cohen , Einat Halfon , Doron Lavee
Successful solid-waste management relies heavily on citizen involvement and cooperation, particularly through effective source separation. By ensuring that waste is sorted correctly at source, costs are reduced, the quality of recycled products is improved, and waste handling becomes more efficient—resulting in significant cost savings for municipal authorities (MAs) and mitigating causes of air pollution, water pollution, and soil contamination.
This study explores enhancing waste separation in local authorities populated by traditional minority groups through stakeholder cooperation. The aim is to improve economic, social, and environmental utilities while identifying the mechanism that best maximizes the well-being of all players involved.
Employing mixed methods and game-theory tools, we conduct twenty-one in-depth interviews with local minority leaders to define the parameters of the service function. The utility functions of all players serve as a basis for game-theory modeling that allow us to identify Nash equilibria, compare their efficiency, and formulate the mechanism optimally.
The results of the study show that when an influential local player fosters cooperation and trust among residents, effective waste separation is achieved, enhancing the well-being of all involved.
成功的固体废物管理在很大程度上依赖于公民的参与和合作,特别是通过有效的源头分类。通过确保在源头对垃圾进行正确分类,可以降低成本,提高回收产品的质量,提高垃圾处理效率,从而为市政当局(MAs)节省大量成本,并减少空气污染、水污染和土壤污染的原因。我们采用混合方法和博弈论工具,对当地少数民族领导人进行了 21 次深入访谈,以确定服务功能的参数。所有参与者的效用函数是博弈论建模的基础,它使我们能够确定纳什均衡点,比较其效率,并制定最佳机制。研究结果表明,当一个有影响力的地方参与者促进居民之间的合作与信任时,就能实现有效的垃圾分类,提高所有参与者的福利。
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引用次数: 0
Potential conflict diagnosis, simulation optimization and coordination of production-living-ecological space in gully areas of the Loess Plateau, China 中国黄土高原沟壑区生产-生活-生态空间的潜在冲突诊断、模拟优化与协调
IF 4.7 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2024.101099
Ying Liang , Duo Chai , Xiaoping Zhou , Yanhao Ning
The gully areas on the Loess Plateau have always been ecologically fragile agricultural areas. These areas often face the common problem of intensified conflicts in production-living-ecological space during economic development, and there is an urgent need for systematic spatial governance. This study innovatively developed a full process technical framework of “identification diagnosis - simulation optimization - coordinated governance” for potential conflicts in the production-living-ecological space, and used Huachi County in the gully area of the Loess Plateau as an example for empirical research. Under this framework, we analyzed the transfer patterns of production, living, and ecological space in the research area; Improved the spatial suitability evaluation index system of “multi-dimensional + multi-objective”; The conflict determination matrix was used to identify the scope, scale, type, and intensity of potential spatial conflicts; We conducted spatial optimization simulations under two scenarios: prioritizing ecological protection and prioritizing social and livelihood development, and designed an overall spatial optimization plan; Propose spatial collaborative governance strategies based on the theory of public space governance. Research shows that this framework has good applicability for the research area and is more direct for guiding subsequent spatial planning and policy practice. The potential conflict between production space and ecological space in Huachi County is the most common, the potential conflict intensity between living space and production space is the largest, and the potential conflict risk between living space and ecological space is rising. To coordinate potential conflicts in space, it is necessary to establish a vertical allocation type of spatial function coordination chain of “goal + collaboration + adjustment”, as well as a horizontal negotiation type of spatial configuration coordination chain of “allocation + cooperation + balance”, forming a “double vertical and double horizontal” spatial coordination framework.
黄土高原沟壑区一直是生态脆弱的农业区。这些地区在经济发展过程中往往面临生产-生活-生态空间矛盾激化的共性问题,迫切需要系统的空间治理。本研究针对生产-生活-生态空间的潜在冲突,创新性地提出了 "识别诊断-模拟优化-协同治理 "的全过程技术框架,并以黄土高原沟壑区的华池县为例进行了实证研究。在此框架下,分析了研究区生产、生活、生态空间的转移规律;完善了 "多维度+多目标 "的空间适宜性评价指标体系;利用冲突判定矩阵确定了潜在空间冲突的范围、规模、类型和强度;进行了生态保护优先和社会民生发展优先两种情景下的空间优化模拟,设计了整体空间优化方案;提出了基于公共空间治理理论的空间协同治理策略。研究表明,该框架对研究领域具有较好的适用性,更能直接指导后续的空间规划和政策实践。华池县生产空间与生态空间的潜在冲突最为普遍,生活空间与生产空间的潜在冲突强度最大,生活空间与生态空间的潜在冲突风险呈上升趋势。协调空间潜在冲突,需要建立 "目标+协作+调整 "的纵向配置型空间功能协调链,以及 "配置+协作+平衡 "的横向协商型空间配置协调链,形成 "双纵双横 "的空间协调框架。
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引用次数: 0
The role of agriculture for achieving renewable energy-centered sustainable development objectives in rural Africa 农业对非洲农村地区实现以可再生能源为中心的可持续发展目标的作用
IF 4.7 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2024.101098
Giacomo Falchetta , Adriano Vinca , André Troost , Marta Tuninetti , Gregory Ireland , Edward Byers , Manfred Hafner , Ackim Zulu
Multi-dimensional and overlapping barriers to wellbeing severely affect many areas in rural sub-Saharan Africa. In the region, more than 90% of cropland is rainfed, less than one third of households have electricity, almost 60% of the population reports food insecurity, and more than 35% of the population lives below the international poverty line. Climate change impacts on vulnerable systems with limited adaptive capacity and strong population growth are increasing the magnitude of these challenges, slowing and potentially reversing development. Thus, there is a strong need for multi-sector interventions across multiple levels, from national policies, to regional and river catchment-scale planning, to local planning and investment. To implement such actions, it is key not only to assess technological solutions and their investment needs, but also to appraise their feasibility and implementation potential (from both a policy and a financial point of view). Here, we implement a modelling platform (RE4AFAGRI platform), which soft-links bottom-up process-based water and energy demand and techno-economic infrastructure assessment models (WaterCROP, M-LED, OnSSET) into a multi-node, national Nexus-extended Integrated Assessment Model (MESSAGEix-Nexus) for supply and investment assessment. The results of our analysis shed light on the role of water and energy demand in the agricultural sector for jointly affecting infrastructure and investment requirements for achieving rural sustainable development objectives. We find that scenarios with increased ambition in expanding irrigation and agricultural productivity result in improved diffusion and economic feasibility of infrastructure to provide universal energy access while supporting productive uses of energy. Moreover, we conduct business model analysis to appraise the framework conditions and micro and macro determinants that can ensure feasibility of investment and uptake of small-scale infrastructure, crucial for rural development. Altogether, our research demonstrates how integrated modelling with an explicit focus on Nexus interlinkages can represent the enabling role and the business conditions for renewable energy input in agriculture to become a leverage of rural sustainable development. In turn, important policy and investment-relevant insights can be derived.
在撒哈拉以南非洲的许多农村地区,多层面、相互重叠的福祉障碍严重影响着人们的生活。在该地区,90% 以上的耕地为雨水灌溉,不到三分之一的家庭用上了电,近 60% 的人口报告粮食无保障,35% 以上的人口生活在国际贫困线以下。气候变化对适应能力有限、人口增长强劲的脆弱系统的影响正在加剧这些挑战的严重性,减缓甚至可能逆转发展。因此,亟需从国家政策、地区和河流集水区规划到地方规划和投资等多个层面采取多部门干预措施。要实施这些行动,关键是不仅要评估技术解决方案及其投资需求,还要评估其可行性和实施潜力(从政策和财务角度)。在此,我们实施了一个建模平台(RE4AFAGRI 平台),该平台将自下而上的基于过程的水、能源需求和技术经济基础设施评估模型(WaterCROP、M-LED、OnSSET)软链接到一个多节点、国家关联扩展综合评估模型(MESSAGEix-Nexus)中,以进行供应和投资评估。我们的分析结果揭示了农业部门的水和能源需求在共同影响基础设施和投资需求以实现农村可持续发展目标方面的作用。我们发现,在扩大灌溉和提高农业生产率方面的目标越大,基础设施的推广和经济可行性就越高,从而在支持能源的生产性使用的同时普及能源。此外,我们还进行了商业模式分析,以评估框架条件以及微观和宏观决定因素,从而确保对农村发展至关重要的小型基础设施的投资和吸收的可行性。总之,我们的研究表明,以 "关联"(Nexus)相互联系为明确重点的综合建模,可以体现可再生能源在农业投入中的有利作用和商业条件,使其成为农村可持续发展的杠杆。反过来,也可以得出与政策和投资相关的重要见解。
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Environmental Development
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