Advances in sustainable turquoise hydrogen production via methane pyrolysis in molten metals

Abstract

This narrative review explores recent advancements in turquoise hydrogen production via methane pyrolysis in molten metals, a promising approach for low-carbon hydrogen generation that addresses the environmental challenges of traditional steam methane reforming (SMR). This technology uses molten metals to decompose methane into hydrogen and solid carbon, offering a pathway with a favorable life cycle assessment (LCA) compared to SMR. By integrating renewable energy sources, utilizing biomethane, and managing solid carbon byproducts, molten metals methane pyrolysis has the potential to meet stringent environmental goals. However, the technology remains in an early stage, with considerable challenges related to scalability, material durability at high temperatures, and efficient heat management. Industrial viability depends on advancements in reactor design, corrosion-resistant materials, and monitoring systems. While molten metal methane pyrolysis shows environmental promise, it is too early to determine its suitability as the preferred technology for large-scale turquoise hydrogen production. Ongoing research in reactor optimization, carbon byproduct handling, and renewable integration will be critical to fully realizing the potential of this technology, especially for deployment in natural gas-rich regions.