Cleaner Chemical Engineering最新文献

Eco-friendly dyeing and functional finishing of silk fabric using a natural dye from Arjuna fruit enhanced by metallic salts 环保染色和功能性整理丝绸织物使用天然染料从阿尔诸那果增强金属盐

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100217

Surjodeb Roy , Wenli Wang

The textile industry is a major contributor to global water pollution and carbon emissions and is facing increasing pressure to transition away from synthetic dyes toward sustainable, non-toxic alternatives that produce persistent toxins, such as carcinogenic aromatic amines. This study investigates the potential of Arjuna fruit extract as a natural dye for silk fabric by optimizing the extraction and dyeing processes and evaluating the resulting multifunctional properties. The dye, which is rich in polyphenols and flavonoids, was extracted under optimal conditions (90 °C, 75 min, pH 7) and characterized using UV–Vis, FTIR, and LC-MS. Silk fabric was pre-mordanted with Al³⁺, Fe²⁺, Cu²⁺, and K⁺. The study demonstrated that iron (II) mordanting enhances the multifunctional potential of the Arjuna fruit dye on silk, simultaneously achieving high color intensity (K/S:15.656), UV protection (UPF: 278.7), color fastness (grades: 4–5), enhanced moisture regains (14.88%), and antibacterial efficacy (98.84% inhibition), surpassing existing natural dye systems and rivaling synthetic alternatives. Structural analyses (FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX) confirmed the stability of silk fibroin and effective dye-metal coordination. Environmental toxicity assessments revealed low aquatic toxicity (96-hour LC₅₀ = 108.79 mg/L for zebrafish), underscoring its favorable environmental profile but still highlighting the importance of responsible dye disposal practices, even for low-toxicity substances. This paper demonstrates that Arjuna fruit dyes with Fe²⁺ mordants provide a sustainable, high-performance alternative to synthetic dyes. They contribute to efforts to reduce the textile industry's environmental impact while maintaining high-performance functionality and environmental responsibility.

纺织工业是全球水污染和碳排放的主要贡献者，并且正面临越来越大的压力，从合成染料转向可持续的、无毒的替代品，这些替代品会产生持久的毒素，如致癌的芳香胺。本研究通过优化阿尔诸那果提取物的提取和染色工艺，并对其多功能性能进行评价，探讨了阿尔诸那果提取物作为真丝织物天然染料的潜力。在最佳条件下（90°C, 75 min, pH 7）提取了富含多酚和黄酮类化合物的染料，并使用UV-Vis， FTIR和LC-MS对其进行了表征。用Al3+、Fe2+、Cu2+和K+对真丝织物进行预媒染剂处理。研究表明，铁（II）触染增强了阿尔朱那果染料在丝绸上的多功能潜力，同时实现了高色强（K/S:15.656）、防紫外线（UPF: 278.7）、色牢度（等级：4-5）、增强的回湿性（14.88%）和抗菌效果（98.84%），超过了现有的天然染料体系，并与合成染料相媲美。结构分析（FTIR， XRD, SEM-EDX）证实了丝素蛋白的稳定性和有效的染料-金属配位。环境毒性评估显示低水生毒性（96小时LC50 = 108.79 mg/L斑马鱼），强调其有利的环境特征，但仍然强调负责任的染料处理实践的重要性，即使是对低毒物质。本文论证了用Fe2+媒染剂制备阿尔朱那果染料是一种可持续、高性能的合成染料替代品。它们有助于减少纺织工业对环境的影响，同时保持高性能的功能和环境责任。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental carbon dioxide biofixation and biomass production by microalgae 微藻的二氧化碳生物固定和生物质生产实验

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2026.100218

Mahtab Esfandiari, Somayeh Zare, Taher Habibi, Seyed Mojtaba Mirfendereski

Biological carbon capture from CO₂-enriched air (0.04–20 vol.% CO₂) representative of flue-gas CO₂ fractions was evaluated using Chlorella vulgaris cultivated in BG-11 under controlled reactor conditions while varying key operating factors. Inlet CO₂ concentration, temperature, initial pH, aeration rate, and light intensity were examined within effective ranges. Biomass productivity and CO₂ biofixation were quantified from mass accumulation using a representative biomass carbon fraction. The effects of the selected parameters on microalgal concentration and fixed carbon were analyzed in detail. Results showed that CO₂ supply dominated performance. After a short acclimation, 20% CO₂ consistently delivered the highest biomass (final ≈5–6 g L⁻¹) and peak daily fixation of ≈1.0 g CO₂ L⁻¹ d⁻¹. Temperature displayed a right-skewed thermal response with an optimum at 28 °C; 31–34 °C accelerated early growth but flattened later. Initial pH exerted a strong, persistent effect with pH 9–10 > pH 5–7, consistent with bicarbonate-supported carbon-concentrating mechanism (CCM) operation. Aeration exhibited a process optimum at 0.5 vvm. Higher flows improved mid-run mass transfer but reduced late-phase gains due to CO₂ stripping and hydrodynamic stress. Light responses were near-linear up to saturation, with ∼280 µmol photons m⁻² s⁻¹ outperforming 350 µmol photons m⁻² s⁻¹ (mild photostress). The findings are interpreted via Rubisco carboxylation/oxygenation balance, CCM regulation, and inorganic-carbon speciation, providing actionable set points for scaling microalgal biofixation toward real-world applications.

在控制的反应器条件下，利用BG-11培养的普通小球藻（Chlorella vulgaris），在不同的关键操作因素下，对具有代表性的烟气CO2馏分CO2富集空气（0.04-20 vol.% CO2）的生物碳捕集进行了研究。在有效范围内检测进口CO2浓度、温度、初始pH、曝气速率和光照强度。生物量生产力和二氧化碳的生物固定性是通过生物量碳组分的质量积累来量化的。详细分析了所选参数对微藻浓度和固定碳的影响。结果表明，CO2供给量占主导地位。经过短期驯化后，20% CO2持续提供最高的生物量（最终≈5-6 g L−1）和每日固定峰值≈1.0 g CO2 L−1 d−1。温度表现出右倾斜的热响应，在28°C时达到最佳；31-34°C加速了早期生长，但随后变平缓。初始pH值在pH值9-10和pH值5-7时产生强烈且持续的影响，与碳酸氢盐支持的碳浓缩机制（CCM）操作一致。曝气在0.5 vvm时工艺最佳。更高的流量改善了中期的传质，但由于二氧化碳剥离和流体动力应力，降低了后期的收益。光响应接近线性直至饱和，约280µmol光子m−2 s−1优于350µmol光子m−2 s−1（轻度光胁迫）。研究结果通过Rubisco羧化/氧化平衡、CCM调节和无机碳形态来解释，为微藻生物固定在现实世界中的应用提供了可行的设定值。

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引用次数: 0

Comprehensive analysis of the design and optimization of the synthesis and purification process of dimethyl maleate 综合分析了马来酸二甲酯合成纯化工艺的设计与优化

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2026.100221

Zeyang Li, Zhimeng Wang, Xiaoxin Gao, Ruijie Wang, Xiaoyu Kang

Dimethyl maleate (DMM) serves as an important refined chemical intermediate with broad industrial application value. This paper performs a comprehensive analysis of the design and optimization of the synthesis and purification process for DMM. The sequential iterative algorithm is used to optimize the total annual cost (TAC) as the optimization objective. This paper innovatively proposes the implementation of a side-stream extraction of a portion of the product during reaction distillation column. Focusing on energy efficiency, we further propose an energy-saving solution: utilizing the side-stream extraction stream to preheat the feed stream. This approach has significant potential for reducing economic costs and minimizing energy consumption. A Side Stream Conventional Reaction Distillation (SS-CRD) is designed for the synthesis and purification for DMM. The synthesis and purification process for DMM is divided into two parts: “Reaction section” and “Purification section”. Based on the SS-CRD process, to further enhance energy efficiency, feed preheating is added to the Reaction section and heat pump distillation is added to the Purification section. Therefore, a Feed Preheating Side Stream Reaction Distillation process with Heat Pump (FPSS-RD-HP) as an assisting method is designed for the synthesis and purification for DMM. Through comprehensive analysis and evaluation, FPSS-RD-HP has the optimal economic performance. Compared with SS-CRD, FPSS-RD-HP reduces TAC by 26.49 %, TEC by 23.13 %, and CO₂ by 36.09 %.

马来酸二甲酯是一种重要的精细化工中间体，具有广泛的工业应用价值。本文对DMM合成纯化工艺的设计与优化进行了综合分析。采用顺序迭代算法对总年成本（TAC）进行优化，并以此为优化目标。本文创新性地提出了在反应精馏塔中实现部分产品的侧流萃取。着眼于能源效率，我们进一步提出了一种节能解决方案：利用侧流萃取流来预热进料流。这种方法在降低经济成本和最小化能源消耗方面具有巨大的潜力。设计了一种用于DMM合成和纯化的侧流常规反应精馏（SS-CRD）。DMM的合成纯化过程分为“反应段”和“纯化段”两部分。在SS-CRD工艺的基础上，为进一步提高能效，在反应段增加进料预热，在净化段增加热泵精馏。为此，设计了热泵辅助进料预热侧流反应精馏工艺（FPSS-RD-HP），用于DMM的合成和纯化。经综合分析评价，FPSS-RD-HP具有最优的经济性能。与SS-CRD相比，FPSS-RD-HP减少了26.49%的TAC， 23.13%的TEC和36.09%的CO2。

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引用次数: 0

Solvolysis as a scalable batch recycling step for removal of epoxy resin coatings from sintered Neodymium-Iron-Boron magnets 溶剂解法是一种可扩展的间歇回收步骤，用于从烧结钕铁硼磁体中去除环氧树脂涂层

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2026.100220

Anna M. Dickinson-Lomas , David N. Brown , Gary A. Leeke , Matthew J. Keith , Michael J. Jenkins

Neodymium-Iron-Boron (NdFeB) magnets are playing a crucial role in clean technologies. These materials contain critical materials that are subject to supply chain challenges. Therefore, it has become increasingly important to develop recycling technologies and relieve these accessibility issues. One of the key challenges in achieving this is the removal of polymer coatings which can contaminate the magnetic material through the diffusion of carbon into the NdFeB grain boundaries, which subsequently reduces the magnetic performance of a secondary magnet.

This research is a development on a small-scale solvolysis process which used a 100 mL reaction vessel to successfully remove the epoxy resin coating from individual magnets. The process has now been scaled up by a factor of 50 with a 5 L batch reactor. This has enabled the removal of the epoxy resin coating from 25 samples of sintered NdFeB magnets simultaneously. Subsequent measurement of the magnetic properties demonstrated an insignificant increase in the remanence, coercivity and maximum energy product, of 0.56%, 1.21% and 0.94% respectively, which fell within the expected error of the instrument. By removing the epoxy coating prior to hydrogen decrepitation, the carbon content was also substantially reduced from the initial 2506 ppm to 954 ± 5 ppm. This reduction in carbon content will improve the performance of recycled magnets, preventing the downcycling of these materials into low-value applications. As such, this research represents a step change in the performance of a closed-loop recycling process for materials which are critical to clean technologies.

钕铁硼（NdFeB）磁铁在清洁技术中起着至关重要的作用。这些材料包含受到供应链挑战的关键材料。因此，开发回收技术，缓解这些可及性问题变得越来越重要。实现这一目标的关键挑战之一是去除聚合物涂层，聚合物涂层会通过碳扩散到钕铁硼晶界而污染磁性材料，从而降低二次磁铁的磁性。本研究是对小规模溶剂解过程的发展，该过程使用100 mL反应容器成功地从单个磁铁上去除环氧树脂涂层。目前，该工艺已在5l间歇式反应器上放大了50倍。这使得同时从25个烧结钕铁硼磁铁样品中去除环氧树脂涂层成为可能。随后的磁性测量表明，剩磁、矫顽力和最大能积分别增加了0.56%、1.21%和0.94%，均在仪器的预期误差范围内。通过在氢腐蚀前去除环氧涂层，碳含量也从最初的2506 ppm大幅降低到954±5 ppm。碳含量的减少将提高回收磁铁的性能，防止这些材料进入低价值应用。因此，这项研究代表了对清洁技术至关重要的材料的闭环回收过程性能的一个步骤变化。

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引用次数: 0

Kinetics study of biodegradation of polyethylene terephthalate by E. coli and S. aureus with enhancers lactic acid and glycolic acid 乳酸和乙醇酸促进大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌降解聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的动力学研究

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2026.100219

Siddhartha Sankar Saha, Md․ Ibrahim H․ Mondal

Hydrolase enzymes secreted from microorganisms as metabolic byproducts can hydrolyze polyethylene terephthalate (PET) to produce terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol. Two culture media of E. coli (BL21), S. aureus (UAMS-1) including a mixed culture medium of both were used with lactic acid and glycolic acid (LA/GA) as enhancers for the present investigation of (PET) biodegradation. The rate of degradation showed a linear relationship for the first 60 days and the values of specific surface degradation rate calculated from the slopes of the regression line of showed an average of 92% matching with experimental and theoretical values, satisfying the proposed mathematical model of kinetics. Optical Density, UV-visible, Mass, IR and DTA analytical techniques were performed to study the mode of biodegradation and it was found that the crystallinity of the PET samples after biodegradation increased indicating the amorphous phase attacking of PET sample firstly and after 60 days, the microbes attacked both the crystal and amorphous phases with a little amount of micro-plastic formation. Chemical hydrolysis proceeded (up-to 20%) in presence of enhancer as the mixture of LA/GA in slightly basic medium (pH=7.30). Both chemical and biological attacking of PET can be a new dimension of controlling PET plastic pollution.

水解酶作为代谢副产物由微生物分泌，可以水解聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）生成对苯二甲酸和乙二醇。采用大肠杆菌（BL21）和金黄色葡萄球菌（UAMS-1）两种培养基，包括两种培养基的混合培养基，乳酸和乙醇酸（LA/GA）作为增强剂，研究了（PET）的生物降解。前60天的降解率呈线性关系，由回归线斜率计算的比表面降解率与实验值和理论值的平均吻合度为92%，满足所提出的动力学数学模型。通过光密度、紫外可见、质量、红外和DTA等分析技术研究生物降解模式，发现生物降解后PET样品的结晶度增加，表明PET样品首先受到非晶相的攻击，60天后，微生物对晶体和非晶相都进行了攻击，并形成少量微塑性。在弱碱性培养基（pH=7.30）中，以LA/GA混合物的形式加入增强剂，进行化学水解（水解率高达20%）。化学和生物对PET的攻击可以成为控制PET塑料污染的一个新维度。

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引用次数: 0

Development and characterization of chitosan-based antimicrobial films: A sustainable alternative to plastic packaging 壳聚糖基抗菌膜的开发和表征：塑料包装的可持续替代品

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100157

Hasan Ahmed , Md Ashikur Rahaman Noyon , Md. Elias Uddin , Md Mostoba Rafid , Md. Sabbir Hosen , Rama Kanta Layek

The development of biodegradable bioplastic packaging is essential for reducing environmental pollution and minimizing non-biodegradable waste accumulation. In this study, a biodegradable plastic film was fabricated by blending polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (CS) derived from shrimp shells, and gelatin (GE) in a 6:2:2 ratio. Crosslinked chitosan and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) at a 95:5 ratio was incorporated into the matrix, and the bioplastic film was produced via a simple solution casting method. The developed composite underwent extensive characterization, including FTIR, UV–Vis, TGA, XRD, and SEM analyses. Results indicated high thermal stability and homogeneity, as confirmed by TGA and SEM. The bioplastic exhibited superior mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 64.68 MPa and an elongation at break of 25.38 %, along with optimal density, thickness, water absorption, and a suitable melting point. Biodegradation studies showed 80.92 % degradation in two months by soil microbes, and biotoxicity tests confirmed its safety for crops (rice seeds). Additionally, the bioplastic, containing 15.2 % chitosan, demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, highlighting its potential as a sustainable alternative for food packaging. This study presents a promising bioplastic film with the potential to replace conventional non-biodegradable packaging while enhancing food safety through its antibacterial properties.

开发可生物降解的生物塑料包装对于减少环境污染和减少不可生物降解废物的堆积是必不可少的。本研究以聚乙烯醇（PVA）、壳聚糖（CS）和明胶（GE）为原料，以6:2:2的比例混合制备了可生物降解的塑料薄膜。将95:5的交联壳聚糖和氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnONPs）掺入到基质中，采用简单的溶液浇铸法制备生物塑料薄膜。开发的复合材料进行了广泛的表征，包括FTIR， UV-Vis， TGA， XRD和SEM分析。经热重分析（TGA）和扫描电镜（SEM）证实，该材料具有良好的热稳定性和均匀性。该生物塑料具有良好的力学性能，抗拉强度为64.68 MPa，断裂伸长率为25.38%，具有最佳的密度、厚度、吸水率和合适的熔点。生物降解研究表明，土壤微生物在两个月内可降解80.92%，生物毒性测试证实其对作物（水稻种子）是安全的。此外，这种生物塑料含有15.2%的壳聚糖，对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌都有显著的抗菌活性，突显了它作为食品包装可持续替代品的潜力。本研究提出了一种很有前途的生物塑料薄膜，有可能取代传统的不可生物降解包装，同时通过其抗菌性能提高食品安全性。

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引用次数: 0

In-line product separation in a continuous oscillatory flow bioreactor as process intensification and product inhibition mitigation strategy 连续振荡流生物反应器中在线产物分离作为过程强化和产物抑制缓解策略

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100191

Judith Buchmaier , Theresa Plesch , Philipp Petermeier , Michael Egermeier , Bettina Muster-Slawitsch

A Continuous Oscillatory Flow Bioreactor (COFB) was developed to enable the processing of lignocellulosic biomass at high solid loadings of up to 23 % and to allow for in-line product separation. The enzymatic saccharification conducted in the COFB yielded glucose concentrations of up to 50 g/L at a residence time of 3 h, corresponding to a yield of 0.2 g_glucose/g_substrate and an enzymatic productivity of 10 g_glucose/g_enzyme. The system incorporated precise quantification of the minimal energy input for oscillatory mixing, resulting in a specific energy demand of 6 Wh/kg_glucose. Notably, the integration of in-line product separation enhanced enzymatic productivity by up to 40 %. Compared to conventional shaking flask experiments, process intensification in the COFB led to a 1.7-fold increase in volumetric productivity and a 1.6-fold reduction in residence time. These findings underscore the potential of the COFB as a scalable and energy-efficient platform for biorefinery applications.

开发了一种连续振荡流生物反应器（COFB），可以在高达23%的高固体负荷下处理木质纤维素生物质，并允许在线产品分离。在COFB中进行的酶糖化在停留时间为3 h时，葡萄糖浓度高达50 g/L，对应于0.2葡萄糖/g底物和10葡萄糖/根酶的酶产率。该系统结合了振荡混合的最小能量输入的精确量化，导致比能量需求为6 Wh/kg葡萄糖。值得注意的是，在线产品分离的整合提高了酶的生产效率高达40%。与传统的摇瓶实验相比，COFB中的过程强化导致体积生产率提高1.7倍，停留时间减少1.6倍。这些发现强调了COFB作为生物炼制应用的可扩展和节能平台的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Efficient and selective glucose conversion in a low temperature photocatalysis-assisted hydrothermal process over TiO2-few layer graphene and Ta-doped TiO2 (photo)catalysts 在二氧化钛-少层石墨烯和掺ta的二氧化钛（光）催化剂上，低温光催化辅助水热过程中高效和选择性的葡萄糖转化

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100205

Hamza El Marouazi , Insaf Abdouli , Nadine Essayem , Chantal Guillard , Valérie Keller , Izabela Janowska

The study reports significantly enhanced glucose conversion under coupled low temperature hydrothermal-photocatalytic conditions with TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) catalysts and the formation of various high-value-added chemicals such as gluconic acid, arabinose, erythrose and presumably levulinic acid (LevA) isomer, referred to single activation mode. TiO₂ NPs, TiO₂ combined with few layer graphene (FLG/TiO₂) and TiO₂ doped with tantalum catalysts with different physicochemical features, including surface acidity properties are investigated (Lewis acid sites in the catalysts are assessed by dihydroxyacetone (DHA) transformation and pyridine adsorption by FTIR). The doping with Ta is beneficial in the photocatalytic conversion, while the FLG integration has a positive impact in photo-, and especially in thermal- and coupled process. On the other hand, the coupled process reveals the synergetic effect of the photo and thermal mode with doubled/tripled conversion of glucose, particularly for FLG/TiO₂ (1 wt% of FLG). The improved properties of this original catalyst are related to high density of jaggy FLG edges as significant acid sites, sites for glucose adsorption and TiO₂ efficient surface and interface formation, along with high charge transport and heat transfer via the conjugated C = C lattice. The results pave the way for ongoing engineering of catalysts and processes for efficient and selective biomass valorization at low thermal energy.

该研究报道了在低温水热-光催化耦合条件下，TiO2纳米颗粒（NPs）催化剂显著增强了葡萄糖的转化，并形成了多种高附加值的化学物质，如葡萄糖酸、阿拉伯糖、红细胞和可能的左丙酸（LevA）异构体，即单活化模式。研究了TiO2 NPs、TiO2与少层石墨烯结合（FLG/TiO2）和TiO2掺杂具有不同物理化学特征的钽催化剂，包括表面酸性性质（通过二羟基丙酮（DHA）转化和红外光谱（FTIR）对催化剂中的Lewis酸位点进行了评估）。Ta的掺杂有利于光催化转化，而FLG的集成对光催化，尤其是热耦合过程有积极的影响。另一方面，耦合过程揭示了光和热模式对葡萄糖转化率的协同作用，特别是对FLG/TiO2 （FLG的1 wt%）。这种原始催化剂的性能的改善与高密度锯齿状FLG边缘作为重要的酸位、葡萄糖吸附位和TiO2高效的表面和界面形成有关，以及通过共轭C = C晶格的高电荷传输和传热。该结果为正在进行的低热能高效和选择性生物质增值的催化剂和工艺的工程铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring date palm ash for greener enhanced oil recovery: Experimental and simulation studies on thermophysical properties and recovery performance 探索椰枣灰绿色提高采收率：热物理性质和采收率的实验和模拟研究

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100159

Olalekan S. Alade , Jafar S. Ahmad , Ammar Al-Ramadan , Eassa Abdullah , Mohamed Mahmoud

Sustainable oil recovery has become imperative due to environmental and economic concerns. It has also necessitated exploration of plant-based injectants for enhanced chemical oil recovery (CEOR). Date palm ash (DPA) is a waste product from combustion of palm fibers and shells. In this research, injection of DPA solution for CEOR has been proposed due to its high alkalinity. For this purpose, a series of studies including experimental determination of physico-chemical properties as well as thermodynamic modeling and simulation of thermophysical properties have been employed to characterize DPA solutions. Subsequently, numerical modeling and simulation of EOR performance considering DPA-polymer injection was conducted as proof of concept. Experimental results show that DPA contains different elements including Ca, K, Mg, Al, Na, P, S, Cl, and Si, as well as transition metals such as Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn, typical of wood biomass ash. In addition, an alkaline medium (pH: 10 - 13) was obtained from 0.1 - 10 % wt/wt. DPA solution. The thermodynamic simulation and analysis show that the hypothetical DPA solution is characterized by the presence of basic cations (Ca²⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, and Na⁺), hydroxides (CaOH⁺ and MgOH⁺), and carbonates (CO₃^2- and HCO₃^-). Furthermore, pertinent thermophysical properties including osmotic pressure (39.04 - 4469.8 kPa), ionic strength (0.0148 - 1.194 mol/kgw), heat capacity (75.21 - 157.21 kJ/kgmole), and conductivity (1.42 - 125.21 mS/cm) were calculated for the solution. Similarly, the viscosity, density, and molecular weight of the DPA solution (0.1 - 10 % wt/wt.) were found to range between 0.891 to 1.047 cP, 0.9998 to 1.08 g/cm³, and 18.03 to 19.6 g/mol, respectively. Ultimately, the EOR simulation showed that DPA solution could be applied for alkaline assisted polymer flooding to mitigate polymer adsorption and improve oil recovery with overall performance similar to those observed using synthetic caustic (NaOH) injection.

出于对环境和经济的考虑，可持续采油变得势在必行。为了提高化学采收率（CEOR），有必要探索植物基注射剂。枣椰树灰（DPA）是棕榈纤维和棕榈壳燃烧产生的废弃物。由于DPA溶液的高碱度，本研究提出了注入DPA溶液用于CEOR的方法。为此，采用了一系列的研究，包括物理化学性质的实验测定以及热物理性质的热力学建模和模拟，来表征DPA溶液。随后，对考虑dpa -聚合物注入的EOR性能进行了数值模拟和模拟，作为概念验证。实验结果表明，DPA中含有Ca、K、Mg、Al、Na、P、S、Cl、Si等元素，以及Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn等过渡金属，是木材生物质灰分的典型特征。此外，0.1 - 10% wt/wt得到碱性培养基（pH: 10 - 13）。DPA的解决方案。热力学模拟和分析表明，DPA溶液中存在碱性阳离子（Ca2+、K+、Mg2+和Na+）、氢氧化物（CaOH+和MgOH+）和碳酸盐（CO32-和HCO3-）。此外，还计算了溶液的相关热物理性质，包括渗透压（39.04 ~ 4469.8 kPa）、离子强度（0.0148 ~ 1.194 mol/kgw）、热容量（75.21 ~ 157.21 kJ/ kg摩尔）和电导率（1.42 ~ 125.21 mS/cm）。同样，DPA溶液的粘度、密度和分子量（0.1 - 10% wt/wt.）分别在0.891至1.047 cP、0.9998至1.08 g/cm3和18.03至19.6 g/mol之间。最终，EOR模拟表明，DPA溶液可以应用于碱性辅助聚合物驱，以减轻聚合物吸附，提高采收率，其总体性能与注入合成碱（NaOH）类似。

{"title":"Exploring date palm ash for greener enhanced oil recovery: Experimental and simulation studies on thermophysical properties and recovery performance","authors":"Olalekan S. Alade , Jafar S. Ahmad , Ammar Al-Ramadan , Eassa Abdullah , Mohamed Mahmoud","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable oil recovery has become imperative due to environmental and economic concerns. It has also necessitated exploration of plant-based injectants for enhanced chemical oil recovery (CEOR). Date palm ash (DPA) is a waste product from combustion of palm fibers and shells. In this research, injection of DPA solution for CEOR has been proposed due to its high alkalinity. For this purpose, a series of studies including experimental determination of physico-chemical properties as well as thermodynamic modeling and simulation of thermophysical properties have been employed to characterize DPA solutions. Subsequently, numerical modeling and simulation of EOR performance considering DPA-polymer injection was conducted as proof of concept. Experimental results show that DPA contains different elements including Ca, K, Mg, Al, Na, P, S, Cl, and Si, as well as transition metals such as Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn, typical of wood biomass ash. In addition, an alkaline medium (pH: 10 - 13) was obtained from 0.1 - 10 % wt/wt. DPA solution. The thermodynamic simulation and analysis show that the hypothetical DPA solution is characterized by the presence of basic cations (Ca<sup>2+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, and Na<sup>+</sup>), hydroxides (CaOH<sup>+</sup> and MgOH<sup>+</sup>), and carbonates (CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup> and HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>). Furthermore, pertinent thermophysical properties including osmotic pressure (39.04 - 4469.8 kPa), ionic strength (0.0148 - 1.194 mol/kgw), heat capacity (75.21 - 157.21 kJ/kgmole), and conductivity (1.42 - 125.21 mS/cm) were calculated for the solution. Similarly, the viscosity, density, and molecular weight of the DPA solution (0.1 - 10 % wt/wt.) were found to range between 0.891 to 1.047 cP, 0.9998 to 1.08 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, and 18.03 to 19.6 g/mol, respectively. Ultimately, the EOR simulation showed that DPA solution could be applied for alkaline assisted polymer flooding to mitigate polymer adsorption and improve oil recovery with overall performance similar to those observed using synthetic caustic (NaOH) injection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143579974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ultrasound-assisted esterification of cotton cellulose with long chain free fatty acids 超声辅助棉纤维素与长链游离脂肪酸的酯化反应

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2025.100209

Pierre Dal , Annelise Jean-Fulcrand , Jean-Marc Lévêque , Jean-Marie Raquez , Daria C. Boffito

This work covers the production of cellulose esters with varying degrees of substitution (DS) using ultrasound (US) power input, leveraging free fatty acids as esterification agent (EA) as a bio-based alternative to traditional chlorides, anhydrides and vinyl esters. The best conditions without US were achieved with oleic acid, with an EA/cellulose molar ratio of 6 and a temperature of 80 °C for 24 h, producing esters with a DS of 1.44. Applying US at 20 kHz and 4.39 W at room temperature, required <30 min to produce cellulose esters with a DS of 0.38. Then, the effects of the US input power, reaction volume and properties of cellulose solutions on the cavitation activity were investigated by simulations in COMSOL. The density, viscosity and speed of sound in the cellulose esters solutions were measured and defined in the simulations as 936.2 kg m^-3, 23.3·10^–3 Pa.s, and 1495.8 m s^-1 for 25 g L^-1. Simulations with conditions resulting in the highest DS with US were characterized by the smallest acoustic cavitation volume and the lowest u: 9.60·10^–8 m³ and 40.06 m s^-1. US-assisted esterification produced thermoplastic esters with an energy input of 18 W g^-1 of cellulose against 93 W g^-1 required by conventional esterification.

这项工作涵盖了使用超声波（US）功率输入生产不同程度取代（DS）的纤维素酯，利用游离脂肪酸作为酯化剂（EA）作为传统氯化物，酸酐和乙烯基酯的生物替代品。在无US条件下，以油酸为最佳反应条件，EA/纤维素摩尔比为6，反应温度为80℃，反应时间为24 h，所得酯的DS为1.44。在室温下，在20 kHz和4.39 W下施加US，需要30分钟才能产生DS为0.38的纤维素酯。然后，通过COMSOL模拟研究了美国输入功率、反应体积和纤维素溶液性质对空化活性的影响。测量了纤维素酯溶液中的密度、粘度和声速，并在模拟中定义为936.2 kg m- 3,23.3·10-3 Pa。25 g L-1为1495.8 m s-1。在具有US的最大DS条件下，声空化体积最小，u最小，分别为9.60·10-8 m3和40.06 m s-1。催化酯化反应产生热塑性酯，纤维素的能量输入为18w - g-1，而常规酯化反应所需能量为93w - g-1。

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引用次数: 0