Enhanced leaching process of ion-adsorbed rare earth ores with itaconic acid and magnesium sulfate compound leaching agent

Abstract

A compound leaching agent (CLA) composed of itaconic acid (IA) and MgSO₄ was employed in this study, and the effects of the ratio of the two components, in addition to the initial pH, temperature, and liquid–solid ratio on the leaching rate of rare earths were investigated. Under the following conditions: MgSO₄ content=1 %, IA concentration = 6.0 g/L, pH = 4.5, liquid–solid ratio = 3:1, and reaction temperature = 25 ℃, the leaching efficiency of rare earths was 95.03 %, which was 9.34 % higher than that observed when using the MgSO₄ (85.69 %). Furthermore, the residual Mg content in the tailings was decreased because of the reduction in the amount of MgSO₄. Compared with the tailings obtained using pure MgSO₄ as the leaching agent, the tailings obtained using CLA had 52.66 % lower Mg in the water-soluble state and 14.77 % lower Mg in the exchangeable state.