Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification最新文献

英文中文

Valorization of peach (Prunus persica L.) peels and seeds using ultrasound and enzymatic methods 利用超声波和酶法对桃（Prunus persica L.）果皮和种子进行估价

IF 3.8 3区工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2024.110072

Nikoletta Solomakou, Aikaterini M. Drosaki, Stamatia Christaki, Kyriakos Kaderides, Ioannis Mourtzinos, Athanasia M. Goula

This study focuses on the holistic valorization of the substantial by-products of peach processing, namely peels and seeds, which incur disposal cost and environmental concerns. Phenolic compounds were extracted from peach peels with ultrasound-assisted extraction after enzymatic pretreatment involving two enzymes, cellulase and pectinase, under varying conditions. The optimal extraction yield (2.376 mg GAE/g dry peach peel) was obtained after pretreatment for 150 min, with a water to peels ratio of 4 mL/g, an enzyme concentration of 3 %, and a cellulase-pectinase enzyme with a composition of 50 % cellulase and 50 % pectinase. This yield was higher than the maximum efficiency obtained through ultrasound-assisted extraction without enzymatic pretreatment (1.580 mg GAE/g dry peach peel). In addition, a technique for peach seeds valorization was developed by employing ultrasound-assisted extraction in order to extract seed oil. The highest efficiency (0.197 g oil/g dry seeds or 90 % oil recovery) was obtained at a temperature of 42.5 °C, a solvent-to-powder ratio of 16 mL/g, and an amplitude level of 45 % after 35 min. This efficiency was consistent with the yields obtained by other conventional extraction methods at much longer extraction times (4–18 h). The effect of both ultrasounds and enzymatic treatment was provided by SEM micrographs, which mainly showed how cell walls were affected in contrast to conventional extraction methods.

这项研究的重点是对桃子加工过程中产生的大量副产品（即果皮和种子）进行综合估价，这些副产品会产生处理成本和环境问题。在不同条件下，使用纤维素酶和果胶酶两种酶进行酶预处理后，采用超声辅助萃取法从桃果皮中提取酚类化合物。在水与桃皮的比例为 4 mL/g、酶浓度为 3 %、纤维素酶-果胶酶的成分为 50 % 纤维素酶和 50 % 果胶酶的条件下，预处理 150 分钟后可获得最佳提取率（2.376 mg GAE/g）。这一产量高于未经酶预处理的超声辅助萃取的最高效率（1.580 毫克 GAE/克干桃皮）。此外，通过使用超声波辅助萃取技术提取桃籽油，开发了一种桃籽增值技术。在温度为 42.5 ℃、溶剂与粉末比率为 16 mL/g、振幅为 45 % 的条件下，35 分钟后的效率最高（0.197 g 油/g 干种子或 90 % 油回收率）。这一效率与其他传统萃取方法在更长的萃取时间（4-18 小时）下获得的产量一致。扫描电镜显微照片显示了超声波和酶处理的效果，主要显示了与传统提取方法相比，细胞壁受到的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Removal of diclofenac sodium from simulated wastewater through an optimized plasma technology system synergized with activated carbon and persulfate 通过与活性炭和过硫酸盐协同作用的优化等离子体技术系统去除模拟废水中的双氯芬酸钠

IF 3.8 3区工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2024.110068

Jia-Wei Song , Jia Bao , Yang Liu , Xin Wang , Qing-Xin Shen

Diclofenac sodium (DCF) has received much attention due to the contaminations associated with its frequent usage. Current technologies for DCF removal from wastewater have presented higher energy consumption and lower cost efficiency, thus efficient removal of DCF without secondary pollution would be required. In this study, removal of DCF by plasma technology was modeled and optimized via the response surface methodology (RSM). The DCF removal rate could reach 66.3 % after a treatment of 60 min when the voltage was 12.7 kV, the discharge gap was 15 mm, and the number of discharge needles was 5. Subsequently, further addition of granular activated carbon (GAC) and persulfate (PS) enhanced the removal of DCF through the construction of an optimized plasma/GAC/PS system. The improved removal rate of DCF could rise to 90.4 %, when GAC was 2 g/L and PS was 2 mmol/L under the optimal conditions of RSM. Based upon the analysis of UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and UV–vis and free radical quenching, the removal of DCF in the plasma/GAC/PS system mainly relied on the attack of •OH and SO₄^•⁻ on the benzene ring, involving the CN breakage of DCF and the generation of by-products. Finally, residual toxicity and cost of the DCF treatment were evaluated.

由于双氯芬酸钠（DCF）的频繁使用会造成污染，因此受到了广泛关注。目前从废水中去除 DCF 的技术能耗较高，成本效益较低，因此需要在不造成二次污染的情况下高效去除 DCF。本研究通过响应面法（RSM）对等离子体技术去除 DCF 进行了建模和优化。在电压为 12.7 kV、放电间隙为 15 mm、放电针数为 5 的情况下，处理 60 分钟后 DCF 的去除率可达 66.3%。随后，通过构建优化的等离子体/GAC/PS 系统，进一步添加颗粒活性炭（GAC）和过硫酸盐（PS），提高了 DCF 的去除率。在 RSM 的最佳条件下，当 GAC 为 2 g/L 和 PS 为 2 mmol/L 时，DCF 的去除率可提高到 90.4%。根据 UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS 和 UV-vis 分析以及自由基淬灭分析，等离子体/GAC/PS 系统对 DCF 的去除主要依赖于 -OH 和 SO4- 对苯环的攻击，涉及 DCF 的 CN 断裂和副产物的生成。最后，对 DCF 处理的残留毒性和成本进行了评估。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing the extraction of germanium from zinc oxide dust through microwave roasting and the underlying mechanism 通过微波焙烧提高氧化锌粉尘中锗的提取及其内在机理

IF 3.8 3区工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2024.110050

Wankun Wang , Fuchun Wang

In this study, a microwave roasting-sulfuric acid leaching process was proposed to increase the efficacy of extracting germanium (Ge) from Ge-bearing zinc oxide (ZnO) dust. Microwave energy has a selective cleavage effect on ZnO dust. Proper microwave roasting of Ge-bearing ZnO dust can fracture the ZnO dust, reduce the particle size, increase the particle size uniformity and specific surface area, and transform the phase of Fe₄Ge₃O₁₂, thus improving the leaching percentage of Ge from the ZnO dust. The optimized conditions were as follows: microwave heating temperature of 290°C, microwave heating time of 5 min, liquid-solid ratio of 6 mL/g, leaching time of 4 h, initial concentration of sulfuric acid of 9 mol/L, and leaching temperature of 60 °C; the leaching percentage of Ge was 84.4 %. In contrast, the leaching percentage of Ge was found to be 62.4 % under the same conditions without roasting. In this study, we described a promising strategy for leaching Ge from ZnO dust via the microwave roasting-sulfuric acid leaching process.

本研究提出了一种微波焙烧-硫酸浸出工艺，以提高从含锗氧化锌（ZnO）粉尘中提取锗（Ge）的效率。微波能对氧化锌粉尘具有选择性裂解作用。对含Ge的氧化锌粉尘进行适当的微波焙烧可以使氧化锌粉尘破裂，减小粒度，增加粒度均匀性和比表面积，并使Fe4Ge3O12相发生转变，从而提高氧化锌粉尘中Ge的浸出率。优化条件如下：微波加热温度为 290°C，微波加热时间为 5 分钟，液固比为 6 mL/g，浸出时间为 4 h，硫酸初始浓度为 9 mol/L，浸出温度为 60°C；Ge 的浸出率为 84.4%。相比之下，在相同条件下，未经焙烧的 Ge 浸出率为 62.4%。在这项研究中，我们介绍了一种通过微波焙烧-硫酸浸出工艺从氧化锌粉尘中浸出 Ge 的可行策略。

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引用次数: 0

Production of calcium and magnesium titanates using concentrated solar energy 利用聚光太阳能生产钙镁钛酸盐

IF 3.8 3区工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2024.110052

D. Fernández-González , J. Piñuela-Noval , C. Gómez-Rodríguez , A. Fernández , L.V. García-Quiñonez , L.A. Díaz , L.F. Verdeja

Solar energy is an adequate technology for different processes in metallurgy, materials processing, recycling, or ceramic-refractory materials, because of the high temperatures attained which are reached when the solar radiation is concentrated. This growing interest has also emerged from the obtaining of such temperatures without releasing pollutants such as carbon dioxide, SO_x, NO_x, or dioxins. Other benefits associated with concentrated solar energy are that this energy source is virtually free and the possibility of operating in places isolated from the electrical grid. Therefore, this research proposes the integration of concentrated solar energy in the production of calcium and magnesium titanates, which are materials with increasing demand in the field of electric components. Experimental work was carried out in the Odeillo solar furnace located in Font-Romeu-Odeillo-Via (France) using a 1.5-meter parabolic concentrator and mixtures of CaO and TiO₂ and MgO and TiO₂ in 1:1 molar ratio. Mixtures were subjected to values of incident radiation exceeding 900 W/m² without using any special atmosphere and in very short times, which did not surpass 10 min. X-ray diffraction technique was employed to confirm the formation of the CaTiO₃ and MgTiO₃ perovskites. Therefore, concentrated solar energy might be a novel, fast, and environmentally sustainable manner of producing calcium and magnesium titanates.

太阳能是冶金、材料加工、回收利用或陶瓷耐火材料等不同工艺的理想技术，因为当太阳辐射集中时，可以达到很高的温度。这种日益增长的兴趣还源于在获得这种温度的同时不会释放二氧化碳、硫氧化物、氮氧化物或二恶英等污染物。与聚光太阳能相关的其他好处是，这种能源几乎是免费的，而且可以在与电网隔离的地方运行。因此，本研究建议在生产钙钛矿和镁钛矿的过程中结合使用聚光太阳能，因为这两种材料在电气元件领域的需求量越来越大。实验工作在位于法国丰罗梅-奥代洛-维亚（Font-Romeu-Odeillo-Via）的奥代洛太阳能炉中进行，使用的是 1.5 米抛物面聚光器和 CaO 与 TiO2、MgO 与 TiO2 的混合物，摩尔比为 1:1。在不使用任何特殊气氛的情况下，混合物受到的入射辐射值超过 900 W/m2，而且时间很短，不超过 10 分钟。利用 X 射线衍射技术确认了 CaTiO3 和 MgTiO3 包晶的形成。因此，聚光太阳能可能是生产钙钛矿和镁钛矿的一种新颖、快速和环境可持续的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of high-speed jet on the particle distributions in downer 高速射流对下料机颗粒分布的影响

IF 3.8 3区工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2024.110051

Zihan Yan , Lining Wu , Dexi Huo , Sheng Chen , Chunxi Lu

The large-scale cold model experiments are carried out to investigate the influence of high-speed jets on the distribution of particles in downer. The cases of both downward jets (co-current contact) and upward jets (counter-current contact) are studied. Generally, it is found that the solid holdups in the initial mixing zone of feed with particles are higher under the influence of counter-current jets, which could form the local “thickening” region in downer. To make a quantitative comparison, the radial non-uniformity index of solid holdups RNI(ε_s) in the jet mixing zone is calculated. Results show that the solid holdups in the counter-current jet mixing zone are more uniformly distributed in radial and the axial jet influence zone is shorter. By changing the jet gas velocity, its effects on the particle distributions are analyzed. Finally, based on experimental data, the distributions of solid holdups in co-current and counter-current jet influence zones of downer are formulated into formulas.

通过大规模冷模型试验，研究了高速射流对下沉器中颗粒分布的影响。研究了向下喷射（同流接触）和向上喷射（逆流接触）两种情况。一般来说，在逆流喷射的影响下，进料与颗粒初始混合区的固体滞留量较高，这可能会在下料器中形成局部 "增稠 "区域。为了进行定量比较，计算了射流混合区固体滞留的径向不均匀性指数 RNI(εs)。结果表明，逆流射流混合区的固体滞留物径向分布更均匀，轴向射流影响区更短。通过改变射流气体速度，分析了其对颗粒分布的影响。最后，根据实验数据，将固体滞留物在同流和逆流射流影响区的分布公式化。

引用次数: 0

Zirconia encrusted ceramic composite membrane for uremic toxins removal: Fabrication and assessment of biocompatibility 用于清除尿毒症毒素的氧化锆包壳陶瓷复合膜：制作和生物相容性评估

IF 3.8 3区工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification

Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2024.110048

Roshni M , Pugazhenthi G , Vasanth D

In this study, tubular zirconia composite membranes (ZM1-ZM3) were developed using low-cost tubular substrate which was prepared utilizing naturally available clay materials by an extrusion approach. The zirconia nanoparticles were encrusted on a low-cost tubular substrate using spray pyrolysis technique. The membranes were investigated for their biocompatibility in addition to pore size, chemical stability, water permeability, porosity, contact angle, thermogravimetric (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Water permeability, pore size and porosity of optimized membrane (ZM3) were 3.05 × 10^–4 ± 0.03 L.m^-2.h^-1.Pa^-1, 119 ± 0.57 nm and 36 ± 0.12 %, respectively. Platelets adhesion and protein adsorption were measured to be 4630 ± 46 platelets.mm^-2, and 1.05 ± 0.02 μg.cm^-2 respectively, while the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) were 80 ± 0.51 s and 27 ± 0.26 s, respectively. Complement activation C3 and C4 concentrations were assessed to be 76.2 ± 0.88 mg.dL^-1 and 21.57 ± 0.80 mg.dL^-1, respectively and hemolysis ratio was 0.31 ± 0.01 %. Moreover, the membrane had a considerable antifouling nature with a flux recovery ratio of 89.22 ± 0.58 %. Protein retention was found to be 81.14 ± 0.58 %, in addition to outstanding sieving coefficients of uremic toxins like urea (0.95 ± 0.005), creatinine (0.93 ± 0.004), and phosphate (0.90 ± 0.004). These findings suggest that the produced tubular zirconia composite membrane has the potency for hemofiltration.

本研究使用低成本管状基底开发了管状氧化锆复合膜（ZM1-ZM3），该基底是利用天然粘土材料通过挤压方法制备的。采用喷雾热解技术将氧化锆纳米颗粒包覆在低成本管状基底上。除了孔径、化学稳定性、透水性、孔隙率、接触角、热重（TGA）和 X 射线衍射（XRD）之外，还对膜的生物相容性进行了研究。优化膜（ZM3）的透水性、孔径和孔隙率分别为 3.05 × 10-4 ± 0.03 L.m-2.h-1.Pa-1、119 ± 0.57 nm 和 36 ± 0.12 %。血小板粘附力和蛋白质吸附力分别为 4630 ± 46 个血小板.mm-2 和 1.05 ± 0.02 μg.cm-2，活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）和凝血酶原时间（PT）分别为 80 ± 0.51 秒和 27 ± 0.26 秒。经评估，补体活化 C3 和 C4 浓度分别为 76.2 ± 0.88 mg.dL-1 和 21.57 ± 0.80 mg.dL-1 ，溶血率为 0.31 ± 0.01 %。此外，该膜还具有很强的防污能力，通量回收率为 89.22 ± 0.58 %。除尿素（0.95 ± 0.005）、肌酐（0.93 ± 0.004）和磷酸盐（0.90 ± 0.004）等尿毒症毒素的筛分系数出色外，蛋白质保留率为 81.14 ± 0.58 %。这些研究结果表明，所生产的管状氧化锆复合膜具有血液过滤的功效。

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引用次数: 0

An interview with Prof. Polona Žnidaršič Plazl 对 Polona Žnidaršič Plazl 教授的采访

IF 3.8 3区工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2024.109909

Polona Žnidaršič Plazl

引用次数: 0

Comprehensive investigation of gas hold-up in a double coaxial mixer with shear-thinning fluids exhibiting yield stress: Experimental, numerical, and artificial neural network approaches 全面研究具有屈服应力的剪切稀化流体在双同轴混合器中的气体滞留：实验、数值和人工神经网络方法

IF 3.8 3区工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2024.110049

Forough Sharifi , Ehsan Behzadfar , Farhad Ein-Mozaffari

This study addresses the challenge of uneven gas dispersion in yield-stress, non-Newtonian fluids, commonly encountered in industries such as biopharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food processing. While previous research demonstrated the advantages of dual coaxial mixers for pseudoplastic fluids, limited attention has been given to aerating yield-pseudoplastic fluids with higher aspect ratios. This study bridges that gap by investigating both local and global gas hold-up under various conditions, utilizing electrical resistance tomography and computational fluid dynamics. Key findings showed that increasing the anchor speed from stationary to 30 rpm significantly enhanced aeration efficiency (gas hold-up per specific power consumption), with improvements of 78 % in UP-CO mode and 25 % in UP-COUNTER mode at N_c = 350 rpm and Q_g = 20 L/min. These results underscore enhanced gas dispersion under specific operating conditions, driving overall process intensification. To ensure accurate prediction of gas hold-up, both dimensional and dimensionless empirical correlations, along with an artificial neural networks (ANNs) model, were developed. The ANNs model exhibited superior accuracy, achieving R² values of 0.99 for both rotation modes, outperforming empirical models, which achieved R² values of 0.90 and 0.89 for UP-CO and UP-COUNTER modes, respectively.

这项研究解决了屈服应力非牛顿流体中气体分散不均匀的难题，这种流体在生物制药、化妆品和食品加工等行业中很常见。虽然之前的研究证明了双同轴混合器在处理假塑性流体方面的优势，但对具有较高纵横比的屈服假塑性流体的充气问题关注有限。本研究利用电阻断层扫描和计算流体动力学，对各种条件下的局部和全局气体滞留进行了研究，弥补了这一空白。主要研究结果表明，在 Nc = 350 rpm 和 Qg = 20 L/min 条件下，将锚转速从静止提高到 30 rpm 可显著提高曝气效率（单位功率消耗的气体截留），在 UP-CO 模式下提高 78%，在 UP-COUNTER 模式下提高 25%。这些结果表明，在特定的运行条件下，气体分散得到了加强，从而推动了整体工艺的改进。为确保准确预测气体滞留，我们开发了尺寸和无尺寸经验相关性以及人工神经网络（ANN）模型。人工神经网络模型表现出卓越的准确性，两种旋转模式的 R² 值均达到 0.99，优于经验模型，后者在 UP-CO 和 UP-COUNTER 模式下的 R² 值分别为 0.90 和 0.89。

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引用次数: 0

The potential of integrating solar-powered membrane distillation with a humidification–dehumidification system to recover potable water from textile wastewater 将太阳能膜蒸馏与加湿-除湿系统结合起来从纺织废水中回收饮用水的潜力

IF 3.8 3区工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2024.110036

Javed Sikandar Shaikh , Uday Aswalekar , Saleel Ismail , Aniket Akhade

Textile production is energy- and water-intensive, and membrane distillation (MD) has shown potential for reclaiming potable water from textile wastewater. However, in the current state, the energy and water recovery potential of MD is lower compared to other conventional distillation technologies. To address these issues, this study proposes and assesses a novel solar-powered hybrid Sweeping Gas MD (SGMD) unit integrated with a humidification dehumidification (HDH) system. Real textile wastewater from bleaching and dyeing processes is treated in the hybrid SGMD-HDH system to recover freshwater. An optical-thermal sub-model for the parabolic trough collector and the heat and mass transfer model for the dehumidifier are developed and validated using experimental measurements. The results reveal that the hybrid SGMD-HDH can exhibit nearly 20 % higher water flux and 50 % higher gain output ratio (GOR) compared to the standalone MD system. The highest water production and average GOR for bleaching wastewater feed solution reached 11.72 kg/day and 0.64, respectively. The higher concentration of chemical contaminants in dyeing wastewater decreased water flux and GOR by up to 14 % and 10 %, respectively, compared to bleaching wastewater. Elemental analysis showed increased carbon concentrations on the polytetrafluoroethylene membrane surface arising from organic fouling.

纺织生产是能源和水密集型行业，膜蒸馏（MD）已显示出从纺织废水中回收饮用水的潜力。然而，与其他传统蒸馏技术相比，膜蒸馏的能源和水回收潜力较低。为解决这些问题，本研究提出并评估了一种新型太阳能混合扫气 MD（SGMD）装置，该装置与加湿除湿（HDH）系统集成。在 SGMD-HDH 混合系统中处理来自漂染工艺的真实纺织废水，以回收淡水。开发了抛物面槽式集热器的光热子模型和除湿器的传热传质模型，并通过实验测量进行了验证。结果表明，与独立的抛物面槽集热器系统相比，SGMD-HDH 混合系统的水通量高出近 20%，增益输出比（GOR）高出 50%。漂白废水进料溶液的最高产水量和平均 GOR 分别达到 11.72 公斤/天和 0.64。与漂白废水相比，染色废水中较高浓度的化学污染物使水通量和 GOR 分别降低了 14% 和 10%。元素分析表明，有机污垢导致聚四氟乙烯膜表面的碳浓度增加。

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引用次数: 0

An Interview with Marica Muscetta 专访玛丽卡-穆斯切塔

IF 3.8 3区工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2024.109913

Marica Muscetta

引用次数: 0

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