Coordinated stochastic power system operation between TSO, renewable sources, energy storage and hydrogen energy equipped DSO, and HSO

Abstract

The proliferation of distributed energy and concerns about carbon emissions entail a multi-energy enriched coordinated operation in the electrical power system. In this paper, a coordinated stochastic operation between the Transmission System Operator (TSO), renewable sources, energy storage, the hydrogen ($H_2$) energy-equipped Distribution System Operator (DSO), and the Hydrogen System Operator (HSO) is proposed. The stochasticity in the decentralized hierarchical structure is modeled with the IEEE RTS 24-Bus System for the TSO, and 7-Bus and 9-Bus systems for the DSOs, taking into account the uncertainty in renewable energy generation. Furthermore, the HSO participates in the wholesale market as a price maker, and interacts with the DSOs for the lower $H_2$ prices. The total operation cost has been reduced by 33.8% thanks to the Analytical Target Cascading-based distributed AC power flow model. In this context, it is shown that the integrated use of $H_2$ energy and distributed resources under power system coordination can provide remarkable advantages to the transmission, distribution, and $H_2$ gas systems.