Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments最新文献

Designing an integrative strategy to introduce electric vehicles in the tourism sector in an outermost region of the European Union 制定综合战略，在欧盟最外围地区的旅游部门引入电动汽车

IF 7.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2024.104071

Iván Medina-Jiménez , Francisco J. Ramos-Real , Jose E. León Vielma , Francisco Calero-García

The electrification of the rental vehicle fleet in the Canary Islands‘ tourism sector would reduce land transportation emissions by 6%. The success of such a measure would serve as a test laboratory for other outermost regions of the European Union (EU), where dependence on fossil fuels reaches 80%. This paper identifies the main questions to consider in designing an integrative strategy for decarbonizing the Canary Islands tourism sector through electric vehicles (EVs) and provides practical insights for energy policy. Q methodology has been used to extract the opinions of 19 stakeholders representing the diversity of visions regarding 25 statements classified into three pillars: the regulatory framework, stakeholder engagements, and the assessment of implementation mechanisms. The results allow us to identify three well-differentiated perspectives explaining 60% of the variance and providing valuable insights for energy policy. The findings highlight the need for increased confidence in clarifying how the energy transition strategy is defined and fulfilling the proposed objectives. In addition, adequate monitoring and control mechanisms and a reduction in bureaucratic obstacles are necessary. Finally, stakeholders recognize the importance of electrifying the rent-a-car fleet so that hotels can offer charging points in their facilities using green electricity.

加那利群岛旅游部门租赁车队的电气化将减少 6% 的陆路交通排放。这一措施的成功将成为欧盟（EU）其他最外围地区的试验室，这些地区对化石燃料的依赖度高达 80%。本文指出了在设计通过电动汽车（EV）实现加那利群岛旅游业脱碳的综合战略时需要考虑的主要问题，并为能源政策提供了实用见解。我们使用 Q 方法提取了 19 个利益相关者的意见，这些利益相关者代表了不同的愿景，涉及 25 项声明，分为三大支柱：监管框架、利益相关者参与和实施机制评估。研究结果使我们确定了三种完全不同的观点，解释了 60% 的差异，为能源政策提供了宝贵的见解。研究结果突出表明，在明确能源转型战略的定义和实现拟议目标方面，需要增强信心。此外，有必要建立适当的监督和控制机制，减少官僚主义障碍。最后，利益相关者认识到租车车队电气化的重要性，这样酒店就可以在其设施中提供使用绿色电力的充电点。

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引用次数: 0

Advances in smart cities with system integration and energy digitalization technologies: A state-of-the-art review 利用系统集成和能源数字化技术推进智慧城市：最新进展综述

IF 7.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2024.104012

Jiashu Kong , Yitong Dong , Zhechen Zhang , Pow-Seng Yap , Yuekuan Zhou

Smart cities have become focal points in promoting sustainable urban development, while the integration of technological advancements with urban energy systems remains underexplored. This paper aims to bridge this gap by providing a systematic review of the latest advancements in smart cities, focusing on system integration and energy digitalization to enhance energy efficiency and sustainability. It reviews advancements in system integration and energy digitalization in smart cities, highlighting their impact on energy efficiency, carbon reduction, and intelligent energy systems. It explores passive building technologies, renewable energy integration, and energy storage, as well as the role of digital technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI), in optimizing building energy management and enabling sustainable communities. By emphasizing the significance of integrated energy management systems and future trends toward multisystem integration and big data applications, this paper provides insights into achieving high-efficiency, low-carbon urban environments. This discussion highlights the critical role of technological innovations and digitalization in driving the transition to sustainable and intelligent urban energy systems, thus contributing to smart city development.

智慧城市已成为促进城市可持续发展的焦点，而技术进步与城市能源系统的整合仍未得到充分探索。本文旨在弥合这一差距，对智慧城市的最新进展进行系统回顾，重点关注系统集成和能源数字化，以提高能源效率和可持续性。本文回顾了智慧城市在系统集成和能源数字化方面的进展，强调了它们对能源效率、碳减排和智能能源系统的影响。报告探讨了被动式建筑技术、可再生能源集成和能源存储，以及物联网（IoT）和人工智能（AI）等数字技术在优化建筑能源管理和实现可持续社区方面的作用。通过强调综合能源管理系统的重要性以及多系统集成和大数据应用的未来趋势，本文为实现高效、低碳的城市环境提供了真知灼见。讨论强调了技术创新和数字化在推动向可持续和智能化城市能源系统过渡方面的关键作用，从而促进了智能城市的发展。

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引用次数: 0

Building-integrated passive and renewable solar technologies: A review from 3E perspectives 建筑一体化被动和可再生太阳能技术：从 3E 角度回顾

IF 7.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2024.104079

Y. Elaouzy , A. El Fadar , O.B. Achkari

Building is currently one of the most energy-intensive sectors, necessitating the integration of sustainable energy practices to meet the high energy demand and address climate change challenges. In this regard, solar energy technologies, both renewable and passive, have emerged as promising solutions. This paper comprehensively reviews the energy, economic and environmental (3E) performance of prevalent passive and renewable solar systems, separately and combined, integrated into buildings. The advantages, limitations, and challenges associated with these systems are also thoroughly explored. Furthermore, many relevant recommendations to improve their overall performance and promote the sustainability of buildings are highlighted. The findings reveal that photovoltaic thermal technology provides the highest overall energy efficiency, ranging from 58% to 94%, amongst the compared solar systems. Economically and environmentally, photovoltaic, photovoltaic thermal and solar water heaters deliver excellent outcomes. Conversely, most solar-based passive strategies are energy-efficient and environmentally friendly, while some passive methods, such as Trombe wall and greening, are not cost-effective. However, the 3E efficiency of solar technologies largely depends on several factors, such as weather conditions, energy prices, capital costs and carbon content. Therefore, selecting appropriate energy systems is essential for constructing more sustainable, efficient and resilient buildings that benefit both the environment and occupants.

建筑业是目前能源最密集的行业之一，因此必须采用可持续能源做法来满足高能源需求和应对气候变化的挑战。在这方面，太阳能技术（包括可再生能源和被动式太阳能）已成为前景广阔的解决方案。本文全面评述了普遍采用的被动式和可再生太阳能系统在能源、经济和环境（3E）方面的性能，包括单独使用和与建筑物结合使用。本文还深入探讨了与这些系统相关的优势、局限性和挑战。此外，还强调了许多相关建议，以提高这些系统的整体性能，促进建筑物的可持续发展。研究结果表明，在所比较的太阳能系统中，光电热能技术的整体能效最高，从 58% 到 94% 不等。在经济和环境方面，光伏发电、光热发电和太阳能热水器都取得了卓越的成果。相反，大多数基于太阳能的被动式策略既节能又环保，而一些被动式方法，如 Trombe 墙和绿化，则不符合成本效益。然而，太阳能技术的 3E 效率在很大程度上取决于多种因素，如天气条件、能源价格、资本成本和碳含量。因此，选择合适的能源系统对于建造更可持续、更高效和更有弹性的建筑至关重要，这对环境和居住者都有好处。

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引用次数: 0

Day-ahead energy management in green microgrids: Impact of long-term scheduling of hydrogen storage systems 绿色微电网中的日前能源管理：储氢系统长期调度的影响

IF 7.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2024.104072

Farshad Khavari , Ehsan Hajipour , Jay Liu

Day-ahead energy management systems focus on optimizing resource scheduling on a daily basis, which may not adequately address seasonal load or price fluctuations. Targeting these long-term fluctuations in day-ahead scheduling, this paper introduces a two-stage optimization methodology specifically designed for day-ahead scheduling with long-duration hydrogen storage systems (HSS) that effectively eliminates the need for scenario-reduction techniques by dividing the long-term scales into short-term ones. As the amount of stored hydrogen in the storage tank affects operational scheduling on consecutive days, the first stage introduces a new variable to represent variations in the stored hydrogen amount, effectively decoupling consecutive days. Subsequently, the second stage employs a developed active set algorithm. This algorithm adds hydrogen storage tank constraints to the objective function to ensure that the stored hydrogen amount does not exceed the tank’s capacity limits on any day. Using real-world data from South Australia State, simulation results validate the proposed algorithm’s effectiveness and demonstrate that employing large storage tanks within an HSS is viable for long-duration applications.

日前能源管理系统侧重于优化每日的资源调度，这可能无法充分解决季节性负荷或价格波动问题。针对日前调度中的这些长期波动，本文介绍了一种专为使用长期储氢系统（HSS）进行日前调度而设计的两阶段优化方法，通过将长期尺度划分为短期尺度，有效消除了对情景还原技术的需求。由于储氢罐中的储氢量会影响连续几天的运行调度，因此第一阶段引入了一个新变量来表示储氢量的变化，从而有效地将连续几天的运行调度分离开来。随后，第二阶段采用开发的主动集算法。该算法在目标函数中添加了储氢罐约束条件，以确保任何一天的储氢量都不会超过储氢罐的容量限制。利用南澳大利亚州的实际数据，仿真结果验证了所提算法的有效性，并证明在氢安全系统中使用大型储氢罐是可行的，适合长时间应用。

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引用次数: 0

Ceramic Air-to-Air Recuperator for energy recovery in HVAC systems: CFD analysis and comparison with experimental tests 用于暖通空调系统能量回收的陶瓷空气对空气换热器：CFD 分析及与实验测试的比较

IF 7.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2024.104082

Luca Socci , Javier M. Rey-Hernandez , Andrea Rocchetti , Alberto Rey-Hernandez , Francisco J. Rey-Martínez

This paper explores the application of a Ceramic Air-to-Air Recuperator (CAAR) as an energy recovery device within HVAC systems. Specifically, the CAAR is analysed through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques. Ansys Fluent has been used as the software for the simulations. The system geometry is meticulously replicated and meshed to generate a three-dimensional model closely mirroring reality. Subsequently, simulations are conducted in both heating and cooling modes. The outcomes of the CFD analysis are compared with data obtained from a dedicated experimental test rig. The observed Prediction Relative Error (PRE), representing the relative error on the device outlet temperatures, is consistently below 15 % for primary air and 10 % for secondary air accross all simulations. These findings substantiate the assertion that the CFD model is robust and offers an effective tool for accurately designing and simulating the CAAR device performance under different operative conditions. In this way, it is possible to open up an important perspective on the widespread utilisation of the CAAR device in HVAC systems, promoting the energy efficiency and decarbonisation of this sector.

本文探讨了陶瓷空气对流换热器（CAAR）作为暖通空调系统中能量回收装置的应用。具体而言，本文通过计算流体动力学（CFD）技术对 CAAR 进行了分析。模拟使用的软件是 Ansys Fluent。对系统的几何形状进行了细致的复制和网格划分，以生成与实际情况密切相关的三维模型。随后，在加热和冷却模式下进行模拟。将 CFD 分析结果与专用实验测试台获得的数据进行比较。观察到的预测相对误差（PRE）代表设备出口温度的相对误差，在所有模拟中，一次空气的预测相对误差始终低于 15%，二次空气的预测相对误差始终低于 10%。这些结果证实了 CFD 模型的稳健性，并为在不同运行条件下精确设计和模拟 CAAR 设备性能提供了有效工具。通过这种方式，可以为在暖通空调系统中广泛使用 CAAR 设备打开一个重要的视角，促进该行业的能源效率和去碳化。

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引用次数: 0

Performance optimization study on a novel waste heat flow-based wick-finned distillation system for clean and sustainable pure water production 基于余热流的新型鳍状灯芯蒸馏系统性能优化研究，用于生产清洁和可持续的纯净水

IF 7.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2024.104076

Rohtash Goswami , Ranjan Das , Sayantan Ganguly

In this work, a novel wick and copper-finned distillation system has been developed based on the flow of waste heat from a biomass engine to efficiently produce a large amount of pure water to meet sustainable development goals. In this novel design, six copper-made fins are employed at a specific location on the waste heat pipe to boost the evaporation process, and a double-layer wick is employed over the glass to enhance the condensation process, which collectively leads to improved system performance. The performance optimization of the distillation system has been investigated to obtain the maximum mass of distilled water by varying the operating conditions of the input factors. Further, the Box-Behnken Design, Analysis of Variance, and Regression methods are applied to develop the empirical correlations between the input factors and a response parameter. The effects of various input factors on the response parameter are studied by response surface analysis through surface and contour plots. The experimental results revealed that the maximum value of the mass of the distilled water is obtained as 2.407 kg during 100 min of run at 321 °C of waste heat inlet temperature, 45° of glass angle, and 0.08 m of basin water height. Employing wick and copper fins in the distillation system has positively affected the yield of distilled water productionand increases the output from 2.054 kg to 2.407 kg with a 17.18 % improvement at the optimal conditions. It has been suggested that the highest waste heat inlet temperature level needs to be preferred to produce a large amount of distilled water. In contrast, the moderate levels of glass angle and basin water height provide the maximum output. The quadratic correlation is found to be in good agreement with the experimental values, with a maximum error of 12.03 %. The production cost of distilled water from the present system is found to be 1.91 INR/kg (0.023 USD/kg) through economic analysis.

在这项工作中，基于生物质发动机的废热流，开发了一种新型灯芯和铜鳍蒸馏系统，以高效生产大量纯水，实现可持续发展目标。在这种新颖的设计中，在废热管的特定位置使用了六片铜制鳍片，以促进蒸发过程，并在玻璃上使用了双层灯芯，以加强冷凝过程，从而共同提高了系统性能。对蒸馏系统的性能优化进行了研究，以通过改变输入因素的操作条件获得最大质量的蒸馏水。此外，还采用了方框-贝肯设计法、方差分析法和回归法来建立输入因素与响应参数之间的经验相关性。通过曲面图和等值线图，采用响应曲面分析法研究了各种输入因素对响应参数的影响。实验结果表明，在余热入口温度为 321 °C、玻璃角为 45°、盆水高度为 0.08 m 的条件下，蒸馏水的质量在 100 分钟的运行过程中达到最大值 2.407 kg。在蒸馏系统中使用灯芯和铜翅片对蒸馏水产量产生了积极影响，在最佳条件下，产量从 2.054 千克增加到 2.407 千克，提高了 17.18%。研究表明，要生产出大量蒸馏水，必须选择最高的废热入口温度。相反，适中的玻璃角度和盆水高度可提供最大产量。二次相关性与实验值吻合，最大误差为 12.03%。通过经济分析发现，本系统的蒸馏水生产成本为 1.91 印度卢比/公斤（0.023 美元/公斤）。

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引用次数: 0

Design and thermodynamic analysis of sustainable hybrid system based on solar tower and helium gas cycle for green hydrogen and ammonia production 基于太阳能塔和氦气循环的绿色氢气和氨气生产可持续混合系统的设计和热力学分析

IF 7.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2024.104077

Gamze Soyturk

Sustainable energy-based hybrid energy plants hold significant potential for addressing environmental issues and advancing towards a carbon-free future. This research primarily aims to design and evaluate a solar-powered combined cycle for power, hydrogen (H₂), and ammonia (NH₃) production. This innovatively designed multiple generation system composed of a solar tower (ST), a Brayton cycle (BC) with helium (He) as the fluid, a transcritical Rankine cycle (tRC) powered by carbon dioxide (CO₂), organic Rankine cycle (ORC), thermoelectric generator (TEG), a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolysis and a NH₃ reactor. Thermodynamic analyzes are performed to determine the performance of the entire plant and subsystems. The research analysis revealed that the total net power generation capacity is 4938.15 kW and, the net power production of the sub-systems helium BC, tCO₂ RC, ORC and TEG is computed as 4482.03 kW, 100.1 kW, 286.32 kW, and 69.75 kW respectively. Moreover, according to thermodynamic analysis results, H₂ and NH₃ production rates are 1.7 kg/h and 78 kg/h, respectively. The energetic efficiency of the system is 26.71 % and the exergetic efficiency is 26.16 %. The total exergy destruction in the plant is 13811.39 kW. The highest exergy destruction among the system elements is in the solar tower with 85.3 % (11782.66 kW) of the total exergy destruction. Additionally, the levelized energy cost (LEC) for the system is $0.007 $/kWh and the sustainability index (SI) is 1.37325373.

以可持续能源为基础的混合能源工厂在解决环境问题和实现无碳未来方面具有巨大潜力。这项研究的主要目的是设计和评估太阳能发电、制氢（H2）和制氨（NH3）的联合循环。这个创新设计的多发电系统由太阳能塔 (ST)、以氦气 (He) 为流体的布雷顿循环 (BC)、以二氧化碳 (CO2) 为动力的跨临界朗肯循环 (tRC)、有机朗肯循环 (ORC)、热电发电机 (TEG)、质子交换膜 (PEM) 电解和 NH3 反应器组成。热力学分析用于确定整个发电厂和子系统的性能。研究分析表明，总净发电量为 4938.15 kW，氦气 BC、tCO2 RC、ORC 和 TEG 子系统的净发电量分别为 4482.03 kW、100.1 kW、286.32 kW 和 69.75 kW。此外，根据热力学分析结果，H2 和 NH3 的生产率分别为 1.7 kg/h 和 78 kg/h。该系统的能效为 26.71%，效费比为 26.16%。发电厂的总能量损耗为 13811.39 千瓦。在系统元件中，太阳能塔的放能损耗最高，占总放能损耗的 85.3 %（11782.66 千瓦）。此外，该系统的平准化能源成本（LEC）为 0.007 美元/千瓦时，可持续性指数（SI）为 1.37325373。

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引用次数: 0

Optimal fresh-air utilization strategy based on isocost Line: Adaptability analysis for constant temperature and humidity air-conditioning system 基于等成本线的最佳新风利用策略：恒温恒湿空调系统的适应性分析

IF 7.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2024.104064

Cuiling Wang, Zihao Zhao, Baolong Wang, Mengdi Cui

Reducing building operational energy consumption is important for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. The energy consumption of constant temperature and humidity air-conditioning systems is high owing to the need for strict temperature and humidity control. To maintain working efficiency or meet relative pressure differential requirements, a significant amount of fresh air must be introduced. In our previous study, an optimal fresh air utilization strategy for all conditions was developed for cost savings (including energy, CO₂ emissions, and monetary costs) by considering different air-handling process costs. In this paper, the dynamic chiller station performances are considered to exploit the cost-saving potential for the developed strategy, and the cost-saving performance analyses are investigated under different application scenarios including weather, internal load, and system performances by simulation in a constant temperature and humidity air-conditioning system. The test results show that the optimal fresh air utilization strategy can realize cost-effectiveness in all scenarios, and achieve 0.77%–49.03% annual primary energy saving under a wide range of internal load variations. Optimizing the supply air state and selecting the appropriate air-handling process cost value can further unlock energy-saving potential and reduce application costs.

降低建筑运行能耗对于实现碳峰值和碳中和非常重要。由于需要严格控制温度和湿度，恒温恒湿空调系统的能耗很高。为了保持工作效率或满足相对压差要求，必须引入大量新鲜空气。在我们之前的研究中，通过考虑不同的空气处理过程成本，为节约成本（包括能源、二氧化碳排放和货币成本）制定了所有条件下的最佳新风利用策略。本文考虑了动态冷却站的性能，以挖掘所开发策略的成本节约潜力，并通过在恒温恒湿空调系统中进行模拟，研究了不同应用场景下的成本节约性能分析，包括天气、内部负荷和系统性能。测试结果表明，最优新风利用策略在所有场景下都能实现成本效益，并在内部负荷变化范围较大的情况下实现 0.77%-49.03% 的年一次能源节约率。优化送风状态并选择合适的空气处理过程成本值，可进一步挖掘节能潜力并降低应用成本。

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引用次数: 0

Optimization design of a new polyhedral photovoltaic curtain wall for different climates in China 针对中国不同气候条件的新型多面体光伏幕墙的优化设计

IF 7.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2024.104078

Langxing Liu, Xinyu Zhang, Qing Cheng

Most building-integrated photovoltaic systems have vertically mounted solar modules on their facades, which limits the efficiency due to the inability to maintain the optimal angle of incidence for prolonged periods. This paper presents a novel polyhedral photovoltaic curtain wall that optimizes energy production in different climate zones across China. Results show that, in low-latitude regions, south-facing polyhedral photovoltaic curtain walls require larger opening angles of the upper inclined surfaces to achieve maximum efficiency, while north- and east-facing systems require an opening angle of 90°. A convex-horizontal-edge ratio of 0.95 is optimal for south-facing systems, while a ratio of 0.90 is optimal for north-, east-, and west-facing systems. Extension the length needs to comply with local regulations. The optimized polyhedral photovoltaic curtain wall outperforms traditional BIPV systems by increasing total energy production and the energy output per unit area of upper inclined surfaces by up to 23%, 83%, 60%, and 104% for south-, north-, east-, and west-facing systems, respectively. Finally, China is divided into five regions based on climate, and roughly reasonable uniform design structure parameters are provided for each region, simplifying the design process, improving the efficiency and scalability of manufacturing, and ultimately reducing costs.

大多数建筑一体化光伏系统的太阳能组件都是垂直安装在幕墙上的，由于无法长时间保持最佳入射角，因此限制了效率。本文介绍了一种新型多面体光伏幕墙，可在中国不同气候带优化能源生产。结果表明，在低纬度地区，朝南的多面体光伏幕墙需要上部倾斜面有较大的开启角度才能达到最高效率，而朝北和朝东的系统则需要90°的开启角度。朝南系统的最佳凸水平边比为 0.95，而朝北、朝东和朝西系统的最佳凸水平边比为 0.90。延伸长度需符合当地法规。优化后的多面体光伏幕墙优于传统的 BIPV 系统，在朝南、朝北、朝东和朝西的系统中，上斜面的总发电量和单位面积发电量分别提高了 23%、83%、60% 和 104%。最后，根据气候将中国划分为五个区域，并为每个区域提供了大致合理的统一设计结构参数，简化了设计过程，提高了制造效率和可扩展性，最终降低了成本。

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引用次数: 0

Carbon carrier modeled for CO2 emission assessment in steel industry 用于钢铁行业二氧化碳排放评估的碳载体模型

IF 7.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2024.104068

Binfan Jiang , Zhuohang Tian , Dehong Xia , Binjian Nie , Rui Xiong

Detailed carbon identification of steel industry is fundamental for CO₂ management and future sustainable production. Herein, Carbon carrier characterized by carbon tracing and assignment is established to identify carbon flow in complexed energy-mass net of steel manufacturing. For traditional iron & steel process, the emission intensity is ∼2.33 t CO₂/t steel if steel is the only product. While considering other by-products and their carbon assignment, the emission intensity would be decreased to ∼1.11 t CO₂/t steel, with the rest assigned to Linz-Donawitz Gas ∼0.30 t CO₂/t steel, Blast Furnace Gas ∼0.84 t CO₂/t steel, and Coke Oven Gas ∼0.08 t CO₂/t steel. Comprehensive utilization of energy and mass is helpful to reduce CO₂ intensity of each product. Waste heat recovery and equipment efficiency improvement of the traditional process can reduce ∼16 % and ∼15 % CO₂, respectively. Steel-making by Electric Arc Furnace achieves 90 % CO₂ cut-down. With application of Carbon carrier, industry carbon management can be conducted to accelerate future decarbonization.

钢铁工业的详细碳识别是二氧化碳管理和未来可持续生产的基础。在此，通过碳追踪和碳分配建立了碳载体特征，以识别钢铁制造复杂的能量-质量网中的碳流。对于传统的炼铁和炼钢工艺，如果钢是唯一的产品，则排放强度为 2.33 吨二氧化碳/吨钢。考虑到其他副产品及其碳分配，排放强度将降至 1.11 吨二氧化碳/吨钢，其余分配给林茨-多纳维茨煤气 0.30 吨二氧化碳/吨钢、高炉煤气 0.84 吨二氧化碳/吨钢、焦炉煤气 0.08 吨二氧化碳/吨钢。能量和质量的综合利用有助于降低每种产品的二氧化碳强度。传统工艺的余热回收和设备效率提高可分别减少 ∼16 % 和 ∼15 % 的 CO2。电弧炉炼钢可减少 90% 的二氧化碳。应用碳载体可进行行业碳管理，加速未来的脱碳进程。

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引用次数: 0